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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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      <title>Ecological Sustainability and Passengers’ Values in Mobility – A Case of Fell Lapland Region</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2580147</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper studies whether and how different demographical and societal determinants affect people’s valuation of ecological sustainability in mobility. The data has been collected in Fell Lapland in the spring of 2022. The analysis is done by using multinomial logistic regression. The results show that age, certain occupations, and car ownership do affect the responses. Teacher or researcher, or expert as an occupation increases the value of ecological sustainability in responses and car ownership reduces it. The effect of the age determinant cannot be interpreted unambiguously. Other occupations, gender, tourism, being an inhabitant of the region, and obtaining a driver’s license have also been tested as determinants and found to be not significant in valuing ecological sustainability in mobility.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 30 Jun 2026 09:45:15 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2580147</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Real estate market trends in Italy: the impact of High-Speed Rail on property prices</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2618059</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study fills a significant research gap by analysing the impact of High-Speed Rail (HSR) on various segments of the Italian real estate market, beyond the more widely studied residential market, extending to commercial, industrial, and manufacturing properties. The methodology is based on the analysis of a panel dataset of 13 stations from the "Grandi Stazioni" project from 2006 to 2022, applying Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE). The originality of this study lies in the observation of the effect of HSR on multiple real estate market segments across the entire Italian network, making a direct comparison with other European HSRs and with China. The results show that, in line with studies, the presence of HSR increases the value of residential properties, while the effect on commercial property prices varies, as they depend more on economic than social factors. Shops and warehouses benefit significantly from better connections, but house prices vary more based on proximity to the station or other intermodal hubs. Property values decrease by 5 % when HSR stations are located in or adjacent to commercial areas, which may indicate a shift in the market. Warehouse values increase by 5.2 %, demonstrating greater demand for high-quality logistics space, while laboratories values decrease by 1.6 %. These findings provide some important policy suggestions for improving investment in high-speed rail, including local land use planning for property zoning around stations, and for considering improving physical accessibility to stations and strategic urban planning.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 24 Jun 2026 13:22:06 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2618059</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Evaluation of endogeneity due to the omission of psychosocial variables in mode choice</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2675075</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Endogeneity is a frequent anomaly in discrete choice models, leading to inconsistent parameter estimates that are used to obtain economic indicators, such as the subjective value of travel time (SVT) and elasticities in mode choice models. While the omission of variables has been identified as one of the most relevant sources of endogeneity for mode choice, the omission of multiple psychosocial variables has received limited attention thus far. This paper proposes two methods to evaluate endogeneity arising from omitted psychosocial constructs: the Multiple Indicator Solution (MIS) and the Integrated Choice Latent Variable method (ICLV). The analysis uses travel survey data from the cities of Concepción and Temuco, Chile, where three psychosocial constructs—affection, attitude, and habit—were measured and incorporated into different utility function specifications. The results indicate that omitting psychosocial variables from transport choice models leads to lower SVT estimates compared to models that explicitly include these factors. Travel time elasticities decrease for bicycle and car when applying the proposed methodologies but increase for bus. Cost elasticity decreases for car and increases for bus once psychological factors are accounted for. These findings suggest that infrastructure project appraisals may undervalue SVT and misestimate elasticities if psychosocial variables are omitted, with important implications for transport policy and investment decisions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 24 Jun 2026 13:22:05 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2675075</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Introducing cost-of-living to transportation related research: Evidence from an exploratory study on neighbour perceptions, active travel and wellbeing</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2706451</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper presents an exploratory, first empirical examination of the nexus between cost-of-living pressures, neighborhood perceptions, transport-related behaviors, and wellbeing. This study uniquely positions cost-of-living concern as a potential upstream influence shaping how individuals experience and engage with urban environments and mobility systems. Using survey data from Greater Sydney, the authors develop a multidimensional measure of perceived cost-of-living pressure, capturing concerns related to housing, energy, fuel, and essential goods. The authors identify distinct segments of concern and explore how these relate to neighborhood perceptions, physical activity, and subjective wellbeing. The results confirm that cost-of-living stress extends beyond traditional housing measures, with consumables-related pressures associated with the highest overall stress levels. Notably, concern about fuel costs is as prominent as housing-related concern, underscoring a direct connection between financial pressure and transport systems. Findings suggest that cost-of-living pressures may influence transport behavior more than is presently known. Overall, this study provides early evidence that cost-of-living pressures are an underexamined factor shaping transport behavior, built environment interactions, and wellbeing, and highlights the need for transport research to better account for these dynamics.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 18 Jun 2026 16:34:45 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2706451</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Exploring women's preferences for low-occupancy public transport services: Evidence from Cali, Colombia</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2704098</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Women in Latin American cities frequently encounter barriers when using public transport, such as discomfort, reduced personal space, and safety-related concerns in crowded travel environments. This study evaluates women's preferences for a special low-occupancy public transport service in Cali, Colombia, examining how crowding and other service attributes influence their choices. A Discrete Choice Experiment was conducted in 2024 with 816 women representing diverse socioeconomic backgrounds. Participants assessed hypothetical scenarios comparing a conventional public transport service (4–8 passengers per square meter, PPSM) with a special service offering lower occupancy at slightly higher fares. A Mixed Logit model incorporating panel error components was estimated using 7344 choice observations to account for preference heterogeneity. Willingness-to-pay (WTP), demand elasticities, and simulated choice probabilities were calculated to evaluate stated behavioral responses to crowding. Crowding had the most substantial negative impact on utility. Women with higher income and education demonstrated stronger aversion, with willingness-to-pay values reaching 442 Colombian pesos (COP), nearly four times higher than those of students with lower incomes (COP 121). Elasticity analysis shows that women with higher income were the most responsive (−2.20), while respondents with lower income were less responsive (−0.54), reflecting more constrained mobility conditions and tighter affordability constraints. Simulation results suggest that under highly crowded conditions (8 PPSM), the stated probability of selecting the special service increases to 79%, with the highest uptake observed among groups with higher income (89%). Reducing crowding significantly increases women's stated likelihood of choosing public transport services with lower occupancy. Nevertheless, affordability constraints may restrict the ability of users with lower income to opt for alternative services. Consequently, policy interventions should integrate crowding-management strategies with inclusive pricing mechanisms or targeted subsidies to promote equitable access to enhanced service conditions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 04 Jun 2026 15:13:32 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2704098</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Experiences, Drivers, and Barriers of Zero-Emission Trucks: Lessons Learned from Norway</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2698608</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This article examines the structural conditions, experiences, and decision-making processes of early adopters of zero-emission trucks (ZETs), particularly battery-electric trucks (BETs), in Norway. The study showcases the early stages of the ZET transition, its progress, and implications for future adoption and policy. It combines insights from interviews with early adopters, industry stakeholders, authorities, and leasing and financing actors, alongside quantitative analyses of price and cost premium developments for BETs versus diesel trucks (DTs) from 2021 to 2024. The analysis reveals that BET adoption is primarily driven by larger firms pursuing strategic objectives, reinforced by procurement requirements and customer expectations. Although BET prices have declined, with price ratios falling from up to 3.2 in 2021 to 2.0–2.6 by 2023–2024, BETs remain significantly more expensive than DTs, partially offset by improved vehicle specifications. Profitability depends heavily on operational and charging setup, with depot-based slow charging generally preferred, while many current setups remain unprofitable, particularly for smaller operators. Infrastructure emerges as a critical barrier, as insufficient charging availability at depots and along transport corridors limits operational flexibility, compounded by grid constraints, permitting delays, and site availability. Policy measures including investment subsidies, toll exemptions, and favorable procurement frameworks have been instrumental in enabling early adoption, but stakeholders stress the need for more coordinated and predictable long-term policymaking to meet ambitious climate targets. Broader adoption further depends on increased willingness to pay among transport buyers. The findings provide new insights into experiences, barriers, drivers, and policy considerations for accelerating zero-emission trucking in Norway and beyond.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 28 May 2026 09:03:40 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2698608</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Foreign Ownership of Croatian Marinas: Promoting Corporate Social Responsibility or Limiting Development?</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2698312</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper explores the role and importance of Croatian marinas within the broader framework of nautical tourism, with a particular focus on the increasingly intensive takeover of marina infrastructure by foreign capital. The starting premise of the research is the understanding that marinas in Croatia represent far more than purely economic or profit-oriented entities; they are also significant drivers of local development and important stakeholders in the preservation of community identity through the implementation of corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices. Given the strategic national importance of the maritime domain as a public good, the question of ownership structure—domestic versus foreign— becomes a key determinant of long-term sustainability and the socio-economic contribution of marinas. The paper provides a comparative analysis of marinas under domestic and foreign ownership, evaluating them through several criteria: the level of cooperation with local self-government units, the strength of multiplier effects generated within the local economy, and the degree to which marinas support local cultural, social, and environmental values. Special emphasis is placed on understanding how ownership influences CSR policies and operational priorities. An in-depth analysis of Marina Punat and Marina Frapa, both in domestic ownership, reveals a high level of integration with local communities, manifested through continuous cooperation, support for local initiatives, participation in development planning, and investment in broader societal well-being. These marinas demonstrate how locally rooted ownership structures tend to foster long-term strategic thinking aligned with community needs. Conversely, the case of the foreign-owned Marina Kremik indicates significantly lower engagement in CSR activities. The research identifies a minimal degree of cooperation with local authorities and stakeholders and a predominant prioritization of short-term financial objectives. Although foreign capital contributes to infrastructural upgrades and improved service standards, these benefits appear to be limited, with potential long-term risks such as the erosion of local identity, reduced community involvement, and weakened sustainability of nautical tourism. The findings underline the need for a more balanced approach to concession policies and ownership structures in order to ensure that marinas continue to generate economic value while safeguarding local interests and contributing to sustainable development. © 2026, Faculty of Maritime Studies. All rights reserved.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 20 May 2026 09:10:38 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2698312</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Global trajectories for urban passenger transport decarbonisation: a policy-based modelling approach</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2688724</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Understanding the impact of public policy measures on urban transport outcomes is essential for the development of evidence-based transport decarbonisation strategies. This paper presents a modelling framework to estimate the evolution of urban passenger travel and related social externalities for each of the 9234 urban areas in the world. It builds on a hybrid four-step model and systems dynamic modelling approach considering socio-economic projections and forecasts of urban growth, transport supply provision and policy assumptions to estimate transport outcomes for 19 world regions. As a result of its detailed representation of 18 transport modes and 20 policy measures, the model can be used to identify effective levers for reducing carbon emissions while improving urban public health, safety, and access to opportunities. An Increased Ambition policy scenario explores the impact of greater climate ambition on global carbon emissions from transport and other transport externalities relative to the status quo.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 20 May 2026 09:10:36 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2688724</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Trends in traffic accident mortality and social inequalities in Ecuador from 2011 to 2022</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2521906</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Traffic accidents (TA) remain a significant global public health concern, impacting low-and middle-income countries. This study aimed to describe the trend in TA mortality and inequalities in Ecuador for 2011-2022, distributed by year, gender, age group, geographical location, type of accident, and social inequalities. An ecological study was conducted using INEC national-level data on TA fatalities in Ecuador. Mortality rates were calculated per 100,000 population and analyzed by year, gender, age group, geographic region, and accident type. Annual percentage variation (APV) was determined using linear regression models. Inequality analyses examined associations between TA mortality and socioeconomic factors like per capita income and literacy rates. Complex measures such as the Slope Inequality Index (SII) were calculated to assess the magnitude of inequalities. There were 38,355 TA fatalities in Ecuador from 2011 to 2022, with an overall mortality rate of 19.4 per 100,000 inhabitants. The rate showed a non-significant decreasing trend (APV - 0.4%, p = 0.280). Males had significantly higher mortality rates than females (31.99 vs. 7.19 per 100,000), with the gender gap widening over time (APV 0.85%, p = 0.003). The Amazon region had the highest rate (24.4 per 100,000), followed by the Coast (20.4 per 100,000). Adults aged >= 60 years had the highest mortality (31.0 per 100,000), followed by those aged 25-40 years (28.6 per 100,000). The >= 60 age group showed the most significant rate decrease over time (APV - 2.25%, p < 0.001). Pedestrians were the most affected group after excluding unspecified accidents, with a notable decreasing trend (APV - 5.68%, p < 0.001). Motorcyclist fatalities showed an increasing trend, ranking third in TA-related deaths. Lower literacy rates and per capita income were associated with higher TA mortality risks. Inequality in TA mortality between provinces with the highest and lowest per capita income increased by 247.7% from 2011 to 2019, as measured by the SII.  While overall TA mortality slightly decreased in Ecuador, significant disparities persist across demographic groups and geographic regions. Older adults, males, pedestrians, and economically disadvantaged populations face disproportionately higher risks. The increasing trend in motorcycle-related fatalities and widening socioeconomic inequalities are particularly concerning.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 19 May 2026 15:12:32 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2521906</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Investigating the Influence of Alternative Survey Participant Recruitment Strategies on Measurement and Inference of Mobility Patterns</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2683206</link>
      <description><![CDATA[There are growing concerns about the representativeness of survey data in an era of rapidly emerging and evolving technology, low response rates, and increasingly diverse and heterogeneous populations. Because of the complexities and costs associated with conducting surveys using traditional mail and phone methods, researchers and practitioners are adopting new methods to sample respondents. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive assessment of the representativeness of the samples obtained from three survey sampling strategies utilized in the nationwide COVID Future Panel Survey: convenience sampling, email sampling, and online panel sampling. The three subsamples were statistically different from each other for all socio-economic and demographic variables except race, ethnicity, household size, and gender. However, these differences were ameliorated with the application of weights and the three subsamples converged to census distributions on many variables except educational attainment. Weighting was also able to reduce the differences between the subsamples for a variety of mobility variables except transit use frequency. Modeling the influence of survey sample recruitment strategy on measures of mobility shows that it is significant even after controlling for socio-economic and demographic variables in the model specification. It is likely that the survey sample recruitment strategy variable is accounting for unobserved traits such as attitudes and lifestyle preferences. It is, therefore, recommended to include attitudinal and lifestyle preference questions in transportation surveys so that these traits can be explicitly included in travel model specifications to enhance explanatory power and reduce bias.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 19 May 2026 15:12:30 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2683206</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Charging ahead unfairly: An examination of temporal shifts in electric vehicle supply equipment accessibility across California’s communities</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2694626</link>
      <description><![CDATA[With the expansion of electric vehicle (EV) use, it has become increasingly important to ensure that public electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) meets growing demand and is accessible to everyone in need. Yet a meaningful assessment of how communities have benefited from EVSE expansion requires a lens that goes beyond static snapshots of EVSE accessibility. In this study, the authors conduct a longitudinal analysis over the past decade (2014–2024) to uncover how public charging infrastructure has evolved and how accessibility has shifted over time in the State of California. The authors examine EVSE accessibility across communities using a mixture of descriptive and statistical methods. A core feature of the analysis is that the authors examine changes in accessibility over time using a generalized additive model (GAM) with time-varying effects. The findings suggest that accessibility patterns across California’s communities have varied according to three distinct stages in EVSE deployment: early deployment and planning, accelerated expansion, and coordinated growth. The GAM analysis identifies a clear temporal shift in relative EVSE accessibility levels across income groups: lower-income locations exhibited relative advantages prior to 2017, but higher-income locations became increasingly advantaged during the accelerated expansion phase in later years. Majority Black locations maintained above-average accessibility but experiencing a gradual decline over time, while majority Hispanic locations remained consistently below average throughout the study period. These time-varying findings enhance understanding of how disparities unfold across deployment stages and motivate more adaptive, stage-aware EVSE policy design.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 19 May 2026 15:12:29 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2694626</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Empirical assessment of land use and other policy impacts on freight facility location choices in California</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2702676</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The rapid expansion of warehousing and logistics activities in California has reshaped land-use patterns and placed substantial pressure on transportation systems and nearby communities. Growth in e-commerce, supply chain restructuring, and regional economic development incentives have contributed to an uneven and largely uncoordinated proliferation of freight facilities. Although these facilities support regional economies, their concentration heightens concerns about congestion, safety, air quality, and the availability of quality job opportunities. Local and regional governments struggle to anticipate these impacts because they lack empirical tools to link policy actions to freight facility siting decisions. 

This project develops an integrated framework to evaluate how land-use (LU), transportation, and economic development policies influence the location of freight facilities in California, and how these patterns relate to economic and social outcomes. The research compares three regional case studies spanning 20 years, integrating semi-quantitative policy analysis, satellite imagery-based LU classification, and spatial econometric modeling. Expected results include a geospatial database linking freight facility development with LU and policy environments, empirical evidence of policy-driven LU and logistics trends, and indicators describing the social and economic impacts of freight facility proximity. The findings will support state, regional, and local agencies in designing policies that improve goods movement efficiency while minimizing local impacts, thereby contributing to California's economy.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 14 May 2026 16:42:57 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2702676</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Integrated fuzzy AHP-TOPSIS- bow tie approach for risk assessment and mitigation in irrigation canal rehabilitation projects: a case study in Egypt</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2666406</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Canal rehabilitation improves water management and agricultural productivity but requires balancing immediate benefits with long-term sustainability risks. Unlike previous studies that focused mainly on water seepage and groundwater effects, this research takes a comprehensive approach by integrating environmental, social, and economic factors to create strategic guidelines for sustainable canal projects. This holistic method ensures that water infrastructure improvements optimize performance while maintaining ecological balance, supporting communities, and addressing water security challenges amid climate change and increasing demand. This research introduces a novel approach for conducting quantitative risk assessments of concrete-lined canals by combining Fuzzy logic, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP), and the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). This integrated framework allows for the effective identification and prioritization of key risk factors associated with concrete canal lining projects. To validate the methodology, the study applied it to a case study in Egypt. Risk factors were categorized and analyzed across three primary domains: environmental, economic, and social. Using the FAHP-TOPSIS approach, the study assigned weighted values to individual risk factors within each domain, enabling a comparative evaluation of risk indices and a systematic ranking of environmental, economic, and social considerations. The findings revealed that environmental risk domain had higher index values compared to economic and social domain. Notably, groundwater depletion emerged as a critical factor with a significant impact on the overall risk index. The research employs bow-tie analysis to thoroughly investigate the five most critical risk factors.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 11 May 2026 08:50:44 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2666406</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Optimizing for green skies: How do herd effects and customer heterogeneity impact airline optimal pricing and reputation investment?</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2659533</link>
      <description><![CDATA[As public scrutiny of aviation emissions intensifies, airlines face the challenge of balancing corporate social responsibility (CSR) with profitability. This study examines how CSR reputation, particularly concerning adopting sustainable aviation fuel (SAF), influences airlines’ investment and pricing strategies. We develop a two-stage sequential decision model to analyze the interplay between CSR reputation, pricing strategies, herd effects, and customer heterogeneity. This model considers both congestion effects and the impact of CSR reputation on herd behavior among customers. We examine two pricing strategies: uniform pricing with standard green service and differentiated pricing with tailored services. Using backward induction, we determine the optimal reputation investment and pricing strategy under various market conditions. Further, we introduce an integrated efficiency indicator that captures the combined influence of sensitivity to herd effects, investment costs, customer heterogeneity, and congestion to guide airlines in selecting the optimal pricing strategy. This indicator gives airlines a practical tool for navigating the complex trade-offs between CSR investment, pricing, and market dynamics. Results indicate that while herd behavior incentivizes reputation investment, a critical threshold exists for the relative efficacy of uniform versus differentiated pricing. The inherent cost of implementing differentiated pricing necessitates a more substantial efficiency gain to surpass uniform pricing.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 30 Apr 2026 16:38:37 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2659533</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Friend or foe? Exploring the choice preference between E-moped sharing and public transport: an integrated heteroskedastic generalized choice and latent variable (IHGLV) approach</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2635277</link>
      <description><![CDATA[While shared mobility can complement public transport (PT), it may also present competitive threats. Many cities have introduced electric moped sharing (EMS), but limited research examines the relationship between EMS and PT. This study explores preferences and substitution patterns between EMS and PT among 854 bus users in Taiwan using an Integrated Heteroskedastic Generalized Choice and Latent Variable (IHGLV) model, which integrates a hybrid choice model with heteroskedastic generalized choice logit. This hybrid choice framework accounts for mode attributes, latent variables (including independence, perceived safety, and hedonic motivation), and socioeconomic factors for both short- and long-distance trips. Results show that in-vehicle time has the highest elasticity, while access time reflects the highest willingness to pay. Latent variables affect mode choice, where perceived safety and independence are moderated by socioeconomic factors. Substitution patterns exhibit substantial heterogeneity for long-distance trips. Mode competition is more intense for short-distance trips due to the availability of alternatives. Introducing EMS alone is unlikely to substantially boost PT ridership, as travelers’ established mobility habits and perceptions greatly influence their preferences. Policy implications are discussed and provided accordingly.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 28 Apr 2026 11:20:38 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2635277</guid>
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