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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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      <title>Unequal pathways: Mobility, socioeconomic status, and the stratification of concurrent environmental exposures</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2681873</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Urban residents are simultaneously exposed to a complex mix of environmental factors, including risks like air pollution and noise, and benefits like green spaces. Previous research often neglects the dynamics of human mobility and co-exposures, relying on static, residence-based assessments. This study investigates how daily mobility shapes simultaneous exposures to fine particulate matter (PM₂.₅), noise, and green space, and how these relationships are stratified by socioeconomic status (SES). Using high-resolution GPS and mobile sensing data from 800 participants in Hong Kong, we analyzed the complex interactions among mobility, SES, and composite environmental exposures. Our findings reveal mobility is a double-edged sword: while increasing noise exposure, it can reduce PM₂.₅ and enhance green space exposure. Crucially, these consequences are not uniform, creating systematically differentiated environmental experiences among social groups. This supports the theory of “asymmetrical between-individual dispersion,” where exposures are not random but follow predictable, socially stratified patterns. For instance, long-distance mobility improves environmental quality for high-income and unemployed individuals but is associated with poorer outcomes for middle-income commuters and students from the same affluent neighborhoods. These results highlight the inadequacy of traditional approaches, demonstrating that neither focusing solely on residential environments nor simply promoting mobility can solve environmental inequity. Instead, effective policies must address the unique mobility constraints of different social groups. Our study provides critical insights for developing more targeted and equitable urban planning and public health interventions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 17 Jun 2026 16:13:02 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2681873</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Spatial dynamics of biodiversity and cycling behaviour: A geographical analysis using crowdsourced data from Strava metro</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2697005</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Active travel infrastructure is widely acknowledged for promoting healthy behaviors in cities, yet participation is sparse. Being exposed to biodiversity during active travel may facilitate physical activity but has yet to be explored within the context of urban active travel networks. Existing research lacks spatial granularity, meaning the effect of local benefits of biodiversity on active travel networks is unknown. By analyzing over 6 million cycling activities, the authors investigate the relationship between biodiversity and cycling in Newcastle Upon Tyne, a city in the Northeast of the United Kingdom at the street level. The authors use spatial error models adjusting for covariates representing street features and environmental characteristics to understand the associations between species richness with cycling for recreation and commuting. Results show that higher levels of bird diversity, are positively associated with recreational and commuting cycling behaviors, while higher levels of mammal diversity are negatively associated with recreational and commuting behaviors. This may reflect the beneficial ecosystem services afforded by bird species, while also acknowledging the impact of human-wildlife conflict in active travel networks. These findings indicate that the relationship between biodiversity and cycling may require further investigation. While access to green space supports public health, biodiversity conservation and cycling infrastructure should be aligned to ensure mutually supportive outcomes for urban sustainability.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 19 May 2026 15:12:29 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2697005</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Measuring What Matters: Promise and Pitfalls of Off-Site Vehicle Miles Traveled Evaluation and Mitigation for Environmental Review Processes from the Perspective of Transportation Professionals</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2691033</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Vehicle miles traveled (VMT) is increasingly used as a metric for assessing the environmental effects of development projects, given its associations with greenhouse gas emissions, traffic collisions, and health outcomes. In 2013, California Senate Bill 743 mandated the replacement of the level of service (LOS) with VMT for transportation effect analysis under the California Environmental Quality Act. This study examines how transportation professionals are adapting to the implementation of VMT-based analysis, and particularly the development of off-site VMT mitigation strategies. Using a two-phased qualitative interview process, first in 2021 (n = 19) and again in 2024 (n = 24), this study explores evolving perceptions, challenges, and strategies related to VMT tools, legal defensibility, and equitable implementation. The findings reveal persistent uncertainty around modeling and evaluation, legal risk, and the administrative complexity of equitably distributing off-site mitigation. While grounded in California’s regulatory context, the insights offer broader relevance for jurisdictions pursuing climate-aligned transportation planning. This study calls for the development of an integrated approach to VMT modeling and evaluation, and a nuanced, multifactor understanding of the context in which new developments are being proposed when implementing off-site mitigation measures.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 13 Apr 2026 16:48:10 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2691033</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Developing Accessibility and Connectivity on Gili Iyang Island, Indonesia</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2665632</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Gili Iyang island is a tourist destination recognized for developing a health-focused industry to attract visitors. Transportation and infrastructure challenges in the tourism sector are important areas to examine for the industry's progress. Therefore, this research aimed to determine the right strategy to promote health tourism in Sumenep, East Java, Indonesia. Data analysis included a comprehensive examination using qualitative descriptive methods, Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA), and a connectivity index. The results showed that the optimal strategy for Gili Iyang Island is to focus on increasing accessibility, ensuring affordable travel costs, and maintaining convenience. Aspects of accessibility to improve include road networks and modes of transportation. Furthermore, the connectivity aspects that must be maintained are road access, seaport, and ferry port. The health tourism development strategy was implemented with a participatory approach and media technology convergence. The main originality of the research includes health tourism, natural conditions, and infrastructure. Additionally, the research recommends that tourists explore natural destinations characterized by unpolluted air and high oxygen levels.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 19 Feb 2026 13:21:05 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2665632</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A Conceptual Model on Green Logistics Performance and Sustainable Development: A Methodical Review</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2665626</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This research aims to present a conceptual model that examines the relationship between green logistics performance and sustainable development in the context of economic growth, international trade, and environmental quality. It focuses on how green logistics can support countries in achieving sustainability, particularly regarding trade, economic growth, and environmental quality. The conceptual model is developed based on a review of previous research in sustainable development, green logistics, trade, supply chain management, and related fields. To make logistics management more environmentally sustainable, the paper emphasizes the importance of adopting sustainable logistics practices in business operations and policy. With the increasing importance of environmental responsibility and sustainability, companies worldwide are turning to green logistics initiatives. These practices help preserve the environment, reduce retailers' carbon footprints, and attract environmentally conscious consumers and trading partners. As environmental awareness grows in the global marketplace, sustainable logistics offers a competitive advantage for companies seeking to meet ethical and environmental standards. By balancing economic growth and environmental protection, sustainable logistics plays a crucial role in shaping the future of international trade and promoting a more sustainable global economy. The current research gap lies in the lack of studies that integrate both logistics and green dimensions to comprehensively analyze the effect of green logistics performance on economic growth, international trade, and environmental quality. By combining these two dimensions, this research aims to fill this gap and provide a holistic understanding of the relationship between green logistics performance and sustainability outcomes.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 19 Feb 2026 13:21:05 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2665626</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Effect of logistics performance on transport environmental quality: Comparative insight from Sub-Saharan Africa and OECD markets</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2620663</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The logistics industry is among the top threats to the sustainability despite its valuable contribution to trade and growth. Despite previous efforts on the impact of logistics performance (LP), its role in driving sustainability within the transport sector is less discussed. Also, while it is generally anticipated that the impact of LP may vary depending on the levels of economic development, there has been no empirical study in this regard. This study therefore attempts to bridge these gaps by comparing between less developed economies; Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and developed economies (OECD). Panel dataset between 2007 and 2018 for 24 SSA countries and 34 OECD economies. The Generalized Method of Moments estimators were employed and findings showed a positive effect of logistic efficiency on transport sustainability. The findings revealed no significant variation within the economies. Even though the gravity of the effect remain higher in SSA, LP was found to worsen transport sustainability in both economies. Additionally, we noted only the timeliness of logistics service out of the six (6) sub-dimensions of LP significantly increases CO2 from transport. The findings offers a compelling insight which contradicts conventional wisdom that situations in advanced economies are always highly better. Practically, the findings implies that, regardless of the level of development in the economy, supply chain or logistics activities continue to be far from de-carbonization in both economies. Governments must therefore double efforts towards decarbonizing of modern supply chains though green logistics, if the Net Zero Emission target of 2025 is to be achieved.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 21 Nov 2025 08:44:21 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2620663</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Cool routes: Assessing how green space and paved paths modify heat's effects on urban bicycling</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2601735</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Understanding how heat's effect on bicycling varies spatially across the urban environment can inform who may be bicycling in the heat and how urban-planning measures can improve thermal comfort for bicyclists. The authors estimated effects of heat on recreational and commute bicycling in Denver, Colorado, USA using city-wide, finely resolved bicycling data and assessed heterogeneity in effects by area-level social vulnerability and proximity to the city center and whether off-street paths and green-space measures, if intervened upon, modify these effects. From Strava Metro, the authors obtained daily data on recreational and commute bicycling in Denver on each street segment (N = 218,641) during the summer months of 2019–2023. The authors estimated effects of hot (95–99 °F [35–37 °C]) and very hot (100–104 °F [38–40 °C]) temperature on daily bicycling using model-based standardization, controlling for temporally varying confounders. The authors assessed effect heterogeneity by area-level social vulnerability and proximity to the city center. To assess effect modification by intervention (defined in text) of paved paths and green-space measures, the authors additionally controlled for social vulnerability and proximity to the urban core. Heat's attenuating effects on recreational and commute bicycling were stronger in central Denver but did not differ across area-level social vulnerability. Heat's attenuating effects were somewhat weaker on off-street paths and considerably weaker in greener areas and near blue space. Results support the provision of paved paths and access to green and blue space to support bicycling during hot weather.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 13 Oct 2025 13:52:13 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2601735</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Assessment of Options for Quantifying Reduction in Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) from Mitigation Measures</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2601530</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Guidelines for the California Environmental Quality Act require the mitigation of projected increases in vehicle miles traveled (VMT) stemming from highway expansion projects. Quantifying the likely effects of proposed mitigation measures enables an assessment of the degree to which the mitigation program offsets the estimated increase in VMT for a project. The purpose of this report is to provide an overview of possible estimation methods for 45 mitigation strategies and recommendations on the most appropriate method for estimating the reduction in the number of miles of vehicle travel that could be expected to result from the implementation of a specific measure. The methods take into account the extent of the measure but may not account for the specific context. In general, two types of methods are available: travel demand forecasting models, and effect-size approaches. For several measures, this report concludes that the reduction in VMT cannot be estimated based on the available evidence. The Evidence Assessment Report provides as assessment of the strength of the evidence for each of the measures (Handy et al., 2024).]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 03 Oct 2025 11:54:47 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2601530</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Do mixed-use developments optimize VMT and emissions reduction? Evidence from 36 regions</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2587282</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Mixed-use developments (MXDs) have dovetailed nicely as a development design strategy to lower VMT by concentrating diverse activities within walkable compact environments. Despite their conceptual appeal, estimating their actual impacts on vehicle trips and environmental quality remains both limited and challenging for agencies and local governments due to inconsistencies in existing traffic impact methodologies, which fail to account for regional variability. This study addresses these limitations by using advanced Gaussian multi-level regression models and K-fold cross-validation, incorporating the famous 7-D built environment variables to estimate comparative VMT and GHG emissions across 710 MXDs in 36 U.S. regions. The authors find that MXDs generate about one-third less VMT than conventional developments, with up to an 80% reduction in certain regions. Over time, MXDs generate even fewer vehicle trips (about 50% less) and significantly lower CO₂e, suggesting positive impacts on lessening both traffic congestion and climate pollution in cities. The authors' study refines the methodology for estimating development-generated VMT while providing insights for shaping low-emission communities that align with modern sustainability goals.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 18 Aug 2025 08:52:11 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2587282</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Development of Transportation Air Quality Planning Tool for Transportation Agencies</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2556802</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report presents the development of a comprehensive air quality planning tool designed to enhance the capabilities of transportation agencies in evaluating and mitigating vehicular emissions. Transportation activities are a source of air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, impacting public health and contributing to climate change. Despite various strategies implemented by federal and state transportation agencies through programs like the Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement (CMAQ) Program, current tools for assessing the environmental benefits of transportation projects often lack comprehensive coverage, user-friendliness, and up-to-date data, limiting their effectiveness. To address these shortcomings, this project proposes the creation of an Excel-based air quality assessment tool that integrates the latest advancements in emission modeling, including updates to the MOVES (Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator) model. The tool aims to be accessible to non-specialists, enabling state and local transportation agencies to conduct precise and consistent evaluations of proposed projects. It covers a wide range of project types and incorporates user-friendly features to standardize the assessment process, ensuring that CMAQ-funded initiatives achieve maximum air quality benefits. The report details key areas of development, including the preparation of vehicle emission rates using the MOVES model, functionality of specific calculators tailored to projects such as Electronic Open-Road Tolling (EORT), telework programs, transit bus upgrades, and fleet expansions. Additionally, the report provides practical application guidelines and user instructions to ensure effective use of the tool. By accommodating all eligible transportation project types and integrating the latest emission modeling advancements, the tool provides a robust framework for air quality management, supporting better regulatory compliance, environmental protection, and sustainable development goals. Ultimately, this project aims to improve air quality assessments, ensure more effective allocation of CMAQ funds, and enhance environmental quality across various regions, contributing to a cleaner and healthier environment aligned with broader policy objectives.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 09 Jun 2025 09:33:11 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2556802</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Substitution or expansion: Effects of new energy vehicle subsidies on air quality</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2514192</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Governments often provide subsidies for new energy vehicles (NEVs) to enhance environmental quality and energy efficiency. However, the success of these subsidies in improving air quality in the short term depends largely on their ability to replace conventional vehicles. This paper examines the impact of local NEV subsidies in China on vehicle consumption and air quality. By analyzing monthly panel data from 54 cities between 2020 and 2021 using a staggered difference-in-differences (DiD) approach, the authors find that NEV subsidies boost NEV sales by 62%. The effects are more pronounced among institutional buyers and for high-priced vehicles than among private buyers and low-priced vehicles. However, the authors' results suggest that air quality has not improved as a result of these subsidies, primarily because Chinese consumers have not significantly reduced their purchases of conventional vehicles in the short term.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 27 May 2025 09:33:58 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2514192</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Motility as a mediating variable in the influence of environmental concern on mobility habits</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2483397</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study employs a second-order structural model (SEM) to conduct a mediation analysis, with the objective of elucidating the intricate relationship between environmental concerns and daily mobility habits. The mediation variable used is motility, defined as the personal capacity to be mobile, and combines individuals’ access, skills, and projects related to the transportation system. This study utilizes data from the second wave of the ‘National daily mobility panel’ (2019, ELIPSS) survey in France to demonstrate that higher environmental concern may lead to stronger public transportation habits and less frequent car use. However, the relationship between these variables is not straightforward but rather significantly contingent upon the unequal distribution of motility among the population. Among lower education or income groups, the lack of motility can impede the translation of environmental concern into mode shift. These findings contribute to the identification of more seamless and less standardized strategies for a transition towards socially and environmentally sustainable daily mobility habits.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 27 Jan 2025 15:39:51 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2483397</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The Impact of the Transport Sector on the Environment in the Context of Globalization</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2407257</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The role of transport for economic development has long been recognized, but so has its environmental impact. Transportation investments are able to generate or complement structural change and can significantly contribute to mitigating urban pollution. However, for developing countries, there is a long road ahead toward decoupling transportation investments and pollution. This paper aims to contribute to the existing body of knowledge by bringing new and updated evidence on the relationship between transport investments, economic growth, globalization, and pollution for a wide panel of 94 low- and middle-income countries over the 1990–2018 period. The main findings that emerge from robust System GMM estimations indicate that transport investments contribute to increased pollution in low and middle-income countries, and the effect is stronger for low-income countries. Moreover, globalization is found to negatively affect environmental quality in both low and middle-income economies, revealing the lack of adequate environmental regulations in these countries.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 26 Dec 2024 15:04:07 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2407257</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A data-driven approach to elevating airport experiences: Insights from Ontario International Airport’s journey mapping analysis</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2470811</link>
      <description><![CDATA[At Ontario International Airport (ONT), elevating the customer experience goes beyond increasing operational efficiency. By using a comprehensive, data-driven approach to creating a customer journey map, ONT gains a clear and comprehensive understanding of a passenger’s experience throughout the airport. This paper identifies key problems, areas of success and opportunities for improvement, leading to informed decision making and strategic investments that elevate overall customer satisfaction. Readers will learn the purpose and application of a customer journey map, including how to identify critical touchpoints and visualise the user experience from start to finish. The paper also introduces behavioural science tools, such as retina-scanning glasses, which help benchmark current experiences and uncover gaps in service. Additionally, it highlights the role of data-driven insights in influencing future design strategies, considering spatial features, emerging trends, policy changes and technology integration. The paper describes how to analyse and prioritise recommendations across each touchpoint, fostering cross-organisational consensus and guiding strategic investments in enhancing the airport experience. This knowledge is vital for professionals looking to innovate in service and infrastructure improvements, ensuring a world-class experience for airport passengers.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 18 Dec 2024 13:30:27 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2470811</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Dynamic Comprehensive Evaluation of Transport Environment Based on Support Vector Machine</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2283234</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Pollution caused by transportation is multifaceted. Waste gas and noise are main pollutions. The environmental impact from these pollutions will be different because of different weather, geographic place and population density. So it is dynamic to evaluate environmental affects from transportation. Along with the change of influential factors, the same pollution discharge may lead to different environmental impact. Setting up a suitable indicator system is important for evaluating the impact on environment from transportation. The paper sets up an indicator system of transportation environment and a dynamic evaluation model of transportation environment based on SVM. Firstly, indicators grade standards dispersed the standard district and produced efficient samples. These samples are revised according to the weather and geographic place. Finally, the dynamic comprehensive evaluation of transportation environment quality is obtained based on SVM.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 22 Oct 2024 15:57:24 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2283234</guid>
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