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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=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" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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      <title>Influence of high content of reclaimed asphalt on the mechanical properties of cement-treated base under critical environmental conditions</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1639937</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The influence of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) on the mechanical properties of cement-treated materials (CTMs) has not been completely understood, while its usage as a partial supplement of virgin aggregates in road layers has been investigated by many researchers for its eco-friendly aspects. In addition, CTMs containing high contents of RAP have not yet been widely applied. Therefore, this paper aimed to experimentally investigate cement-treated base mixtures containing high percentages of RAP in terms of mechanical properties in different environmental conditions to find a proper opportunity to increase the recycling rate of this valuable material. In this regard, mixture design formulation was determined based on modified effort compaction test results as well as unconfined compressive strength and indirect tensile strength tests of seven-days cured samples. Also, critical condition of hot summer and wet winter circumstances were taken into account as prepared cylinder samples were dry-cured under 50 °C and wet-cured under 25 °C, respectively. Results indicate that incorporation of RAP materials increases optimum moisture content (OMC), and therefore, reduces maximum dry density (MDD). Additionally, it is found that temperature of 50 °C in RAP incorporated mixes and moisture in control mixes are critical conditions for determining strengths and finally, structural design of pavement.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 30 Jul 2019 15:56:44 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1639937</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>High Temperature Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1430934</link>
      <description><![CDATA[High temperature power electronics have become a vital aspect of future designs of compact power converters for applications including power conditioning and distributed motor/actuator controls. However, the development of high temperature capacitors had lagged far behind other system components (e.g. semiconductor switches and that can operate at temperature >200°C). The performance of these systems would benefit significantly from components and packaging designed and optimized for high temperature (200°C to 400°C) under generally harsh environmental conditions.         In this paper it will be demonstrated that high temperature materials can be successfully fabricated into multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCC). The properties of various capacitors having application range 200~500°C will be presented. It will include NPO type material with capacitance range 10pF~50nF useful up to 500°C and high Curie temperature Perovskite materials with a capacitance range 10nF~50µF at working temperature of 200~450°C. The properties variations of MLCCs with respect temperature and reliability data will also be presented.       ]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 24 Apr 2017 18:22:55 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1430934</guid>
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      <title>Wrong Way Driving Road Safety Audit Prompt List</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1455478</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This document contains a Road Safety Audit (RSA) prompt list intended to focus specific attention on Wrong Way Driving (WWD) issues and contributing factors. The prompt list has been developed in a similar framework to the broader RSA prompt lists contained in Chapter 8 of the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) RSA Guidelines document. Like the original lists, the WWD prompt list is intended to help the RSA team identify potential safety issues, avoid overlooking important factors, and proactively identify potential issues. The prompts are only an aid to the RSA team and they are not intended to cover all conditions or circumstances an RSA team may encounter.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 22 Mar 2017 12:47:33 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1455478</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Robustness Evaluation and Improvement for Vision-Based Advanced Driver Assistance Systems</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1406262</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In this paper the authors propose a novel method of robustness evaluation and improvement. The required amount of on-road records used in the design and validation of vision-based advanced driver assistance systems and fully automated driving vehicles is reduced by the use of fitness landscaping. This is realized by guided application of simulated environmental conditions to real video data. To achieve a high test coverage of advanced driver assistance systems many different environmental conditions have to be tested. However, it is by far too time-consuming to build test sets of all environmental combinations by recording real video data. The authors' approach facilitates the generation of comparable test sets by using largely reduced amounts of real on-road records and subsequent application of computer-generated environmental variations. The authors demonstrate this method using virtual prototypes of an automotive traffic sign recognition system and a lane detection system. The robustness of these systems is evaluated and improved in a second step.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 15 Jun 2016 12:05:17 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1406262</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>The roles of child, parent and environmental factors in pedestrian supervision</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1141262</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Pedestrian injuries are a significant health risk to children, particularly those 5-9 years of age. Surprisingly, few studies have explored parent-related factors that may moderate this risk. The authors examined parental supervision choices in the context of child pedestrian experience, parent perceptual factors and varying levels of environmental risk. A series of street crossing scenarios were used to examine the roles of child, parent and environmental factors in determining parents' supervision choices. Parents recognised differing levels of risk across environmental conditions and altered their supervision choices accordingly. Child age and parental risk perception were significantly predictive of supervision choices. The results demonstrate that parents assess multiple factors when determining the intensity of supervision necessary for their children. Notably, parents adjust their supervision in direct relation to changes in the physical environment. Implications of these findings for injury prevention and future research are discussed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 29 Jun 2012 15:01:25 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1141262</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Effect of Variable Environmental Conditions on Heavy Metals Leaching from Concretes</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1136304</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This chapter discusses the common use of alternative fuels and mineral additions in the cement industry. The chapter shows how concrete manufacturing constitutes the reason for increased focus on the impact of environmental conditions on the level of heavy metals leaching from concretes. Such assessments should involve a variety of environmental factors that affect the concretes during their normal service life. The level of heavy metals leaching from concretes based on the portland cement and portland fly ash cement are undertaken in this chapter. The element associated with the effect of various environmental factors on heavy metals leaching has been particularly taken into consideration over extensive research periods. Therefore, the effect of the reduced pH of the aquatic environment on the level of heavy metals leaching was recorded. The concretes were also subjected to the impact of sea water environment and heavy metals leachability levels were taken. The leaching presented in the chapter was determined from the monolithic and grounded concrete forms.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 10 Apr 2012 15:17:04 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1136304</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>System Approach for Multi-Purpose Representations of Traffic Scene Elements</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1096527</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A major step towards intelligent vehicles lies in the acquisition of an environmental representation of sufficient generality to serve as the basis for a multitude of different assistance-relevant tasks. This acquisition process must reliably cope with the variety of environmental changes inherent to traffic environments. As a step towards this goal, we present our most recent integrated system performing object detection in challenging environments (e.g., inner-city or heavy rain). The system integrates unspecific and vehicle-specific methods for the detection of traffic scene elements, thus creating multiple object hypotheses. Each detection method is modulated by optimized models of typical scene context features which are used to enhance and suppress hypotheses. A multi-object tracking and fusion process is applied to make the produced hypotheses spatially and temporally coherent. In extensive evaluations we show that the presented system successfully analyzes scene elements under diverse conditions, including challenging weather and changing scenarios. We demonstrate that the used generic hypothesis representations allow successful application to a variety of tasks including object detection, movement estimation, and risk assessment by time-to-contact evaluation.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 18 May 2011 11:43:43 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1096527</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Overview of Research and Development for Shinkansen Speed Increases</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1099055</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In April 2002, JR East launched the Shinkansen High-speed Project, carrying out research and development for faster Shinkansen trains, with a goal of a top operation speed of 360 km/h, under the themes of improvement of running speed, ensuring safety and reliability, improvement of passenger comfort and consideration for the environment. JR East has built the Shinkansen high-speed test car sets FASTECH360S (exclusive for Shinkansen) and FASTECH360Z (for through service on Shinkansen and conventional lines) and also improved wayside equipment to implement comprehensive verification, under actual load in the actual operating environment, of rolling stock and wayside equipment. High-speed running tests were conducted  mainly in the section between Sendai and Kitakami on the Tohoku Shinkansen line, from June 2005 to June 2009. Disassembly studies were conducted to the end of FY* 2009. JR East is currently applying the results of those in next generation of pre-mass production Shinkansen rolling stock. FASTECH360 tests and studies have all been completed, and a certain amount of results has been achieved. This issue of JR EAST Technical Review is a special edition focused on the start of the Shinkansen High-speed Project, running tests, disassembly studies, and items applied to pre-mass production rolling stock.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 25 Apr 2011 07:04:29 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1099055</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Cutting the Weight of High Speed Trains</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1097602</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Centre for ECO Vehicle Design at Sweden's Royal Institute of Technology has undertaken a project exploring the economic and environmental benefits of lighter high speed trains. These trains have had their body shell weights reduced through multi-functional body panels created using composite and sandwich technologies. Benefits of using lighter weight high speed trains include reduced energy consumption and increased cost effectiveness. Concerns regarding lighter weight high speed trains include crash safety and energy absorption.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 30 Mar 2011 07:27:21 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1097602</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>An Integrated Approach for Studying the Safety of Road Networks: Logistic Regression Models Between Traffic Accident Occurrence and Behavioural, Environmental and Infrastructure Parameters</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1095793</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Currently, the cause of each road accident tends to be attributed to certain factors that, when closely related, define a system with crisis points capable of constructing serious road safety danger elements. When it is impossible to attribute the cause of an accident to a sole system 'driver - vehicle - environment - infrastructure' component, the situation becomes more complex. This happens, for instance, when investigating the path leading up to an event when more than one problem is present and it is unclear as to what measure the driver should be held responsible for actions in which his or her own life, or the lives of others, have been risked. Assigning closed formulas cannot solve this problem when the investigation of different locations presents diverse characteristics, and relevant variables can change even slightly among cases in the studied network. Logistic regression models are proposed in this article to evaluate roadway reliability, where an understood probability is that a driver travels along a path in a specific time period and in specific operative condition without incurring accident-related injury or death. Such analysis has been performed globally, contemporaneously correlating infrastructural, environmental, and behavioral components. By defining the seriousness of accidents that have occurred, the models have been applied to stretches of freeway and state road in the province of Cosenza, Italy.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 21 Mar 2011 14:13:55 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1095793</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Residential location and transit-oriented development in a new rail corridor</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1093735</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The relationship of form, use, and density in urban development and their influence on human behavior and travel is a key element of many land use and transport policies. Prior research indicates high-density urban development leads to decreased travel and thus sustainable mobility; however, personal attitudes seem to have greater effect on mobility than does the urban form. This research evaluates how households consider transit-oriented development (TOD) characteristics in their location decisions with regard to new Mandurah railway line stations opened in December 2007 in Perth, Western Australia. The results indicate that the choice of residence reflects neighborhood and housing attributes, with significant heterogeneity in the populations of the three precincts in terms of their valuation of various housing characteristics, proximity to urban facilities, and transport. There is also significant variation in households' attitudes to natural and artificial environments. A better understanding of the complex relationships among environment, travel, socio-demographic characteristics, and household attitudes can help transport planners leverage the benefits of TOD and improve the quality of urban design and community life.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 21 Mar 2011 14:13:55 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1093735</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Modeling Pedestrian Violation Behavior at Signalized Crosswalks in China: A Hazards-Based Duration Approach</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1091086</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Pedestrian violation is a major cause of traffic accidents involving pedestrians. The research objectives were to investigate the relationship between waiting duration and pedestrian violation and to provide a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the effects of human factors and external environmental factors on street-crossing behavior. Pedestrians' street-crossing behavior was examined by modeling the waiting duration at signalized crosswalk. Pedestrian waiting duration was collected by video cameras and it was assigned as censored and uncensored data to distinguish between normal crossing and violating crossing. A nonparametric baseline duration model was introduced, and variables revealing personal characteristics, traffic conditions, and trip features were defined as covariates to describe the effects of internal and external factors. Pedestrians' crossing behaviors represented positive duration dependence that the longer the waiting time elapsed the more likely pedestrians would end the wait soon. The violation inclination of most pedestrians increased with the increasing waiting duration, but about 10 percent of pedestrians were at high risk of violation to cross the street. About half of pedestrians would still obey the traffic rules even after waiting for 50 s by the street. Human factors and the external environment played an important role in street-crossing behavior, especially for factors that involved pedestrians' subjective willingness. The street-crossing behavior of pedestrians was time dependent. Pedestrians behave differently under the effects of various factors. Pedestrian safety interventions that aim at reducing pedestrian injuries may need to consider these effects. The pedestrians' behavioral modifications, such as enhancing the safety awareness, might be the most efficient means to reducing the likelihood of pedestrian violation, though environmental modifications also worked well in improving pedestrian safety.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 25 Feb 2011 11:21:47 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1091086</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Cycle commuting in Belgium: Spatial determinants and 're-cycling' strategies</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1090672</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper attempts to explain the spatial variation of the use of a bicycle for commuting to work at the level of the 589 municipalities in Belgium. Regression techniques were used and special attention was paid to autocorrelation, heterogeneity and multicollinearity. Spatial lag models were used to correct for the presence of spatial dependence and a disaggregated modelling strategy was adopted for the northern and southern parts of the country. The results show that much of the inter-municipality variation in bicycle use is related to environmental aspects such as the relief, traffic volumes and cycling accidents. Town size, distance travelled and demographic aspects also have some effect. In addition, there are regional differences in the effects of the structural covariates on bicycle use: the impact of variables such as traffic volume and cycling accidents differs substantially between the north and the south of the country. This paper also suggests that high rates of bicycle use in one municipality stimulate cycling in neighbouring municipalities, and hence that a mass effect can be initiated, i.e. more cycle commuting encourages even more commuters in the area to cycle. These findings provide some recommendations for decision-makers wishing to promote a shift from car to bicycle use.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 18 Feb 2011 13:05:11 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1090672</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Conditions for Implementing Trolleybuses in Public Urban Transport</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1093526</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Big cities worldwide are burdened by heavy traffic and all resulting negative consequences. Introducing high-quality public urban passenger transportation that enables faster and more efficient transportation is a partial solution to this problem. The problem is often very complex, since introducing individual forms of public urban transportation depends on several factors, such as economic, traffic, environmental and technical ones. One form of public urban passenger transportation is the trolleybus. Trolleybus implementation has experienced significant change throughout history, in a large number of world urban environments. This paper examines the unjustifiable neglect of the trolleybus in public urban transportation implementation, as well as renewed increase in interest in its implementation. Trolleybus advantages and drawbacks are listed as they relate to buses, as well as reasons due to which some cities are introducing it or or increasing implementation. This paper also emphasizes and argues for the ecological and energy advantages of trolleybuses relating to buses as crucial in advanced public urban passenger transportation. Advanced technical solutions also are pointed out that contribute to safer, faster, and more comfortable passenger transportation.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 18 Feb 2011 13:05:11 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1093526</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Autogenous healing of engineered cementitious composites at early age</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1090389</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Autogenous healing of early ages (3 days) engineered cementitious composites (ECCs) damaged by tensile preloading was investigated after exposure to different conditioning regimes: water/air cycles, water/high temperature air cycles, 90%RH/air cycles, and submersion in water. Resonant frequency measurements and uniaxial tensile tests were used to assess the rate and extent of self-healing. The test results show that ECC, tailored for high tensile ductility up to several percent and with self-controlled crack width below 60 μm, experiences autogenous healing under environmental exposures in the presence of water. However, the recovery for these early age specimens is not as efficient as the recovery for more mature specimen, for the same amount of pre-damage and exposure to the same environment. Even so, the self-healing for these early age specimens demonstrates high robustness when the preloading strain is limited to 0.3%. This conclusion is supported by the evidence of resonant frequency and stiffness recovery of the healed ECC materials.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 16 Feb 2011 13:41:03 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1090389</guid>
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