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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Travel Demand Forecasting 2012, Volume 1</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1237245</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This issue contains 21 papers concerned with the following aspects of travel demand forecasting:  sketch planning; spatial transferability of tour-generation models; discrete choice estimator properties; emission pricing for large transportation networks; probit Bayes estimator in discrete choice modeling; estimating transborder trips integrating binational communities as a single transportation system; estimating random coefficients logit with panel data; joint model of vehicle holdings and primary driver for a household; network equilibrium model with dogit and nested logit structures; assessing traffic measures and policies on reliability of traffic operations and travel time; legislation for innovation in travel demand modeling; evaluating trip distribution models; urban travel time analysis; estimating discrete choice models with incomplete data; within-day replanning of events; accuracy of zonal socioeconomic forecasts; population synthesis in land use microsimulation; mileage-based user fees impact on traveler route choice and network performance; modeling household fleet choice; implementing travel time reliability in forecasting of regionwide travel; and synthesizing household characteristics using a dependence-preserving approach.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 10 Jan 2013 14:36:44 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Joint Travel Demand and Environmental Model to Incorporate Emission Pricing for Large Transportation Networks</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1130765</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Emission reduction strategies are gaining greater attention as a support of the national objective for a sustainable and green transportation system. A large percentage of the emission contribution that arises from transportation modes are primarily from auto and truck travel. Reductions in highway travel require prudent planning strategies and modeling user response to planner’s policies. Modeling planning goals and user response is a challenging task. In this paper a joint travel demand and environmental model incorporates vehicle emission pricing (VEP) as a strategy for emission reduction. First, the travel demand model determines the destination, mode, and route choice of the users in response to the VEP strategy set by the planner. Second, the emission model provides oxides of nitrogen, volatile organic compounds, and carbon dioxide estimates at a very detailed level. A base case and three models incorporate VEP in a multimodal transportation network. The objective function of the base case is the minimization of total system travel time, and the models are designed with the objective of minimizing total system emissions. The user equilibrium method is used for travel to model user responses and is solved by the Frank–Wolfe algorithm. The base case represents do-nothing conditions, and the three models address the interactions between planner’s perspectives and user responses to VEP strategies. The proposed model is applied to the multimodal transportation network of Montgomery County (located in the Washington, D.C.–Baltimore, Maryland, region). The case study results show that VEP can be used as a tool for emission reduction in transportation planning and policy.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 13 Apr 2012 10:08:15 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Continuous Network Design with Emission Pricing as a Bi-Level Optimization Problem</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/794895</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Traffic network design problem attempts to find the optimal network expansion policies under budget constraints. This can be formulated as a bi-level optimization problem” the upper level determines the optimal capacity expansion vector and the lower level determines the link flows subject to user equilibrium conditions. However, in the context of environmental concerns, driver’s route choice includes travel time as well as emission pricing. This study is an attempt to solve network design problems when the user is environment cautious. The problem is formulated as a bi-level continuous network design problem with the upper level problem determines the optimal link capacity expansions subject to user travel behavior. This behavior is represented in the lower level using the classical Wardropian user equilibrium principles. The upper level problem is an example of system optimum assignment and can be solved using any efficient optimization algorithms. Genetic Algorithm is used because of its modeling simplicity. The upper level will give a trail capacity expansion vector and will be translated into new network capacities. This then invokes the lower level with these new link capacities and the output is a vector of link flows which are passed to upper level. The upper level then computes the objective function and GA operators are applied to get a new capacity expansion vector and the process is repeated till convergence. The model is first applied to an example network and the optimum results are shown. Finally the model is applied to a large case study network and the results are presented.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 29 Dec 2006 11:07:20 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>PARADOXES IN NETWORKS WITH ZERO EMISSION LINKS: IMPLICATIONS FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS VERSUS TRANSPORTATION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/686439</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The paper looks at the question of whether networks with zero emission links, such as those corresponding to telecommunication links, may also result in counterintuitive phenomena as regards the emissions generated.  This research is motivated in part, by the advent of telecommunications and its role in providing the option to telecommute or to teleshop versus actual physical transportation of the individual commuter or shopper.  The authors identify three new and distinct paradoxical phenomena that can occur in such networks, which demonstrate that so-called "improvements" to the network may result in increases in total emissions generated.  In particular, they illustrate, through specific examples, the following:  1) the addition of a link with zero emissions may result in an increase in total emissions with no change in travel demand, 2) the total emissions on a network with a zero emission link may increase with a decrease in travel demand, and 3) the addition of a path connecting an origin/destination (O/D) pair and consisting solely of a zero emission link may result in an increase in total emissions.  An emission pricing policy is then proposed which guarantees that such paradoxes do not occur.  The pricing policy is shown to be equivalent to a particular weighting mechanism associated with the criterion of emission generation provided that the users are now multicriteria decision-makers who seek to minimize both the cost of their route choices as well as the emissions that they generate.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jun 2001 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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