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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=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" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
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    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
      <url>https://trid.trb.org/Images/PageHeader-wTitle.jpg</url>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>Effect of stray current interference on hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity of Q235 pipeline steel considering local deformation on the steel surface and environmental pH value</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2619862</link>
      <description><![CDATA[With the extension of urban rail transit systems, more and more buried gas pipelines will suffer from stray current interference due to inevitable interactions with transportation lines. Stray current interference from adjacent urban rail transit system poses an increasingly significant risk of hydrogen embrittlement on buried gas pipelines in addition to external electrochemical corrosion. This type of fracture failure caused by hydrogen embrittlement is hidden and sudden, and the safety risks it poses cannot be ignored. In view of this, an experimental study on hydrogen embrittlement of Q235 pipeline steel is conducted under stray current interference. In this work, typical influencing factors: local deformation on the steel surface and environment pH are both considered along with the synergistic effect of stray current interference. Slow strain rate tensile testing combined with scanning electron microscopy is carried out to explore the differences in hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity, risk level, and micromorphology under stray current interference due to deformation area and environmental pH. The results reveal that, under stray current interference, both increasing deformation area and decreasing pH value leads to higher hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity and risk level. Under low level of stray current interference, the influence of local deformation on the steel surface on hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity is greater than that of environmental pH value. Besides, under synergistic effect of stray current interference, the hydrogen embrittlement fracture morphology shows obvious morphological changing pattern and fractal characteristics.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 31 Dec 2025 10:56:11 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2619862</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Hydrogen-embrittlement phenomena in post-tensioned cables of prestressed concrete bridges</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2510734</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The present work shows the results of a wide experimental test campaign on prestressing steel strands extracted from a prestressed-concrete bridge with post-tensioning system located in Northern Italy and affected by combined Hydrogen embrittlement and stress-corrosion phenomena. The prestressing steel cables were totally replaced due to the high deterioration detected during construction; air, humidity, and water coming from the injection nozzles not perfectly sealed, when cables were already under tension but before the completion of grouting operations led to Hydrogen embrittlement phenomena of the steel strands, with a rapid degradation of the mechanical performance and the drop of the deformation capacity. The modification of the failure modality was observed, with lots of strands showing the progressive breakage of single wires instead of the typical bird-cage collapse. Tensile tests on more than 500 strands extracted from about 30 different cables in different positions, together with X-ray tomographies and micro-structural investigations on a reduced set of specimens were performed; results are presented and deeply discussed. Aim of the paper is highlighting the effects of H-embrittlement on prestressing products, the strong impact on the degradation of mechanical performance and the possible negative consequences on the structural behaviour.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 21 Mar 2025 09:35:09 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2510734</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Hydrogen Embrittlement of Advanced High-Strength Steel S960mc Used in Transport and Vehicle Industry and the Influence of Potassium Thiocyanate During Hydrogenation</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2475777</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Advanced high-strength steels (AHSS) are currently facing a serious challenge from hydrogen embrittlement, which significantly affects their mechanical properties. Problems arise when hydrogen diffuses into the material and accumulates at grain boundaries, inclusions, or microcracks, degrading the material's characteristics. The main objective of the study is to investigate the effects of adding potassium thiocyanate (KSCN) to the sulfuric acid base solution during electrolytic hydrogenation using microalloyed martensitic AHSS grade S960MC. An increase in hydrogen diffusion into the examined material across its full surface is produced by adding thiocyanate ions to the electrolyte. This is the rationale behind the decision to add KSCN to the sulfuric acid base solution. The addition of KSCN to the base environment induced a considerable reduction in fracture strain, and the degradation was attributed to hydrogen buildup at grain boundaries, impurities and microcracks. These steels have an extensive list of applications in the automotive industry and are frequently used in the form of sheets for welding. Therefore, it is important to understand how their mechanical characteristics and behaviour vary in various circumstances, including hydrogen-rich environments.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 09 Jan 2025 09:51:40 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2475777</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The failure mechanism analysis of defective offshore natural gas pipelines under hydrogen blended transportation</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2470642</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Blending hydrogen for transportation in offshore natural gas pipelines is an important way to develop green energy, which is prone to hydrogen embrittlement leading to failure. The mechanical behaviour of defective hydrogen-blended natural gas pipelines with different hydrogen contents, was investigated by experimental and numerical methods. In addition, the failure mechanism analysis, including the effects of defect depth and combined loads, was carried out. According to the results, the evolution laws of pipeline strength and fatigue life under different hydrogen proportions are grasped. For example, under low hydrogen content (25%), its strength significantly decreases. Furthermore, the safety management method of offshore hydrogen-blended natural gas pipelines is given to provide a reference in the application of the project.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 06 Jan 2025 14:35:19 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2470642</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Identification of the Mechanisms that Produce Hydrogen Embrittlement on Post-Tensioning Members and the Effects of Galvanic Coupling on Bridge Tendons</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2247552</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A preliminary analysis of failed prestressing strands within a post-tensioned tendon on the Wando River Bridge in South Carolina showed signs of possible hydrogen embrittlement. One proposed source of hydrogen is through galvanic coupling that may exist between the galvanized steel duct and the steel strands. This coupling, if present, can promote hydrogen evolution at the steel strand’s surface, which may or may not be mitigated by the condition and quality of the grout. To fully understand the susceptibility of post-tensioned steel strands to hydrogen embrittlement in galvanized steel tendon ducts, this study set out to identify the conditions that promote hydrogen production, the kinetics of hydrogen evolution and adsorption into the steel, as well as the subsequent loss of strength of the steel strands.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 20 Sep 2023 09:07:59 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2247552</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Embrittlement of SiMo Ductile Cast Iron Exhaust Manifold and Evaluation using Sehitoglu Damage Model</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1942558</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Sehitoglu damage model is often applied to evaluate thermomechanical fatigue (TMF) performance of the components in the environment of high temperature in finite element analysis (FEA). SiMo ductile cast irons have been widely used for exhaust manifolds in propulsion systems. The manifold experiences TMF due to the limitation of thermal expansion in the assembled condition. Mechanical strain and damage are therefore introduced by the constraints. On the other hand, it is known that ductile cast iron exhibits embrittlement at the temperature around 400°C due to the addition of magnesium (Mg) in order to obtain graphite nodules. This mechanical behavior at 400°C, which has to be considered in design, makes the ductile cast irons only partially satisfy the assumptions of the Sehitoglu damage model.In the present work, a two-step approach is presented to evaluate the sensitivity of the manifold geometry to the 400°C embrittlement using the Sehitoglu model. A strain-life (E-N) curve of the ductile iron at 400°C is needed. According to the study by Kobayashi et al, the degree of the 400°C embrittlement varies with Mg and phosphorus (Mg/P) weight percentage ratio, and the embrittlement temperature ranges from about 350°C to 450°C depending on strain rate. In practice, this creates some uncertainties in the correlation study. A chemical composition with a stable Mg/P ratio is preferred in order to obtain a stable mechanical property of the manifold at 400°C.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 17 May 2022 10:47:13 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1942558</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Characterization of embrittlement temperature of asphalt materials through implementation of acoustic emission technique</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1862312</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The present study focuses on the application of an acoustic emission (AE) based laboratory test to evaluate low-temperature cracking performance of several types of asphalt materials in the context of a recently completed national pooled fund study on low-temperature cracking (LTC). Comparisons are made between AE test results and the critical cracking temperature of asphalt binders determined from Bending Beam Rheometer (BBR) test and Direct Tension Test (DTT), which are in turn compared to field observed thermal cracking in the corresponding test sections. Based upon our findings, recommendations are made as to the potential use of the AE-based technique in asphalt binder specification.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Aug 2021 14:54:11 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1862312</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Composition and Oxidation Dependence of Glass Transition in Epoxy Asphalt</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1865465</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Miscibility, and lack of it, is decisive for durable polymer-modified asphalt binders and reflects the long-term performance of asphalt materials in terms of fatigue and thermal cracking. In this work, the glass transition behavior of epoxy asphalt will be assessed extensively after different oxidative aging time periods using differential scanning calorimetry. The composition dependence of glass transition in epoxy asphalt binders over oxidative aging is evaluated by emphasizing the deviation of glass transition temperature (Tg) with the change in sign and magnitude. An entropy-based analysis of glass transitions in epoxy asphalt is discussed as well. The blends formulated by epoxy and asphalt binder have shown an increase of the Tg deviation from the ideal mixing rule over oxidative aging. Two different shapes of the composition dependence of the Tg values are observed between the blends with and without fillers but showing both distinct positive deviations from the case of mixing ideal materials. The Tg and heat capacity (Cp) parameters determined in relation to the epoxy asphalt composition provide insights into the effect of limestone fillers on the oxidation-induced embrittlement of epoxy asphalt materials. The results could help select the epoxy proportion in asphalt to develop super-durable and long-lasting pavement materials.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 20 Jul 2021 10:41:49 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1865465</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ASPHALT DETERIORATION OF ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT IRRADIATION TESTING ON PAVEMENT SURFACE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1766912</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Embrittlement of asphalt binder, as an adhesive, induces asphalt pavement surface cracking with traffic load and temperature change. Asphalt degradation is mainly the result of oxidative reaction, and may be caused by ultra violet rays effect in addition to high temperature exposure during construction and summertime heat. Although there are previous findings focusing on laboratory binder testing and samples investigation from road pavement, only a few researches have reported on the evaluation of UV effect using asphalt mixtures. This research confirmed that asphalt deterioration at very surface is the most severe and the rate of degradation can be estimated by accumulative amount of UV light, by the strong UV light radiation tests on asphalt mixtures. Asphalt degradation is depending on the quality of surface mixture, and compaction rate particularly has high impact on the aging level. It is also verified that a pavement surface treatment such as slurry sealing can inhibit asphalt degradation by the effect of an UV light barrier.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 22 Mar 2021 10:30:56 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1766912</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Hydrogen Embrittlement Susceptibility of Case Hardened Steel Fasteners</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1561538</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This work establishes the relationship between core hardness, case hardness, and case depth on susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement of case hardened steel fasteners. Such fasteners have a high surface hardness in order to create their own threads in a mating hole, and are commonly used to attach bracketry and sheet metal in automotive applications. While case hardened fasteners have been studied previously, there are currently no processing guidelines supported by quantitative data for fastener standards. Through sustained load embrittlement testing techniques, the susceptibility of case hardened steel tapping screws to internal and environmental hydrogen embrittlement is examined. Further characterization of the fastener samples through microhardness testing, microstructure review, and fracture surface examination allows the investigation of susceptibility thresholds. It is shown that core hardness is the primary consideration for susceptibility. However, the fastener surface is prone to failure before the bulk section, up to the case depth, according to the case hardness. The zinc acid electroplating process used on the fasteners in this study appeared not to induce internal hydrogen embrittlement. However, baking durations commonly used for hydrogen embrittlement relief are shown to be ineffective and possibly detrimental.       ]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 10 Feb 2020 09:07:59 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1561538</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Analysis of the Effects of Ageing on the Cohesive Strength of Polymer-Modified Bitumen at Low Temperatures</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1570168</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The decay law on the ageing process of the cohesive strength of styrene-butadiene-styrene(SBS)-and polyethylene(PE)-modified bitumens at low temperatures was investigated. The rotated-thin-film oven test was used to age the two types of polymer-modified bitumens. The cohesive strengths at different low-temperature conditions were tested quantitatively according to technology for testing the low-temperature cohesive strength of bitumen. The decay curve of bitumen low-temperature cohesive strengths was drawn, and the embrittlement time of bitumen at different ageing states was obtained according to the decay curve. Results showed that ageing time definitely influenced the attenuation degree of the low-temperature cohesive strength of the two types of polymer-modified bitumens and influenced the appearance of the low-temperature cohesive strength peak, i.e., the bitumen embrittlement time, which advanced after ageing. The lightweight components of polymer-modified bitumen were lost after ageing. The bitumen embrittlement time was advanced, and the sharp attenuation of the low-temperature cohesive strength of bitumen appeared. In the future, bitumen anti-ageing technology and lighter part pre-supplement technology should be studied in-depth.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 13 Dec 2018 09:14:32 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1570168</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Evaluation of Asphalt Binder Performance with Laboratory and Field Test Sections</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1568180</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The current performance-grade (PG) specification for asphalt binders was developed 25 years ago. Over the years, many changes have occurred, including crude oil sources, improved refinery technologies to extract more saturates from crude oil before producing asphalt binders, new additives (such as re-refined engine oil bottoms [REOB], polyphosphoric acid [PPA], bio-rejuvenators), and increased use of reclaimed materials. Consequently, asphalt binders with the same PG may perform completely differently, especially in cracking resistance. Researchers evaluated the performance of asphalt binders engineered with various modification techniques including REOB, PPA, aromatic extracts, bio-rejuvenators, and fatty acids. Both rheological and chemical properties of the engineered binders were characterized in the laboratory. It was found that binders produced with same target PG but with different modification techniques can have quite different rheological and embrittlement properties. Specifically, the parameter ΔTc from bending beam rheolometer is a good parameter for asphalt binder quality or embrittlement. The current binder selection catalog should be expanded for different applications, specifically for asphalt overlay mixes. Researchers also surveyed 11 existing field test sections constructed with soft and polymer modified binders and constructed 6 more new test sections around Texas. The plant mixes from these test sections were collected during the construction and then tested in the laboratory for their dynamic modulus, rutting resistance, and cracking resistance. Based on the laboratory test results and field performance data, researchers recommended a new statewide binder selection catalog. The implementation of the recommendation will make pavements last longer as intended.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 26 Nov 2018 16:50:57 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1568180</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Fatigue crack growth and damage characteristics of high-speed rail at low ambient temperature</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1530013</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Low temperature can be a significant problem affecting safety and maintenance of railway. In this study, the fatigue crack growth rate and rolling contact fatigue damage behaviors of high-speed rail material under different temperature conditions were investigated by a series of experiments. The results indicate that the stress and strength of rail material increase with the decrease of ambient temperature. The crack growth rate at 0°C and -20°C is similar with that at 20°C. While, when the temperature decreases to -60°C, the growth rate of crack increases sharply. The promotion of rail embrittlement at low temperature accompanied with the action of high stress causes the rapid failure and increase of surface crack length and subsurface crack damage. Meanwhile, three crack growth mechanism models at different temperatures can be inferred. The brittle fracture mode is increasingly apparent with the temperature decreasing.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 18 Aug 2018 22:05:38 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1530013</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Embrittlement of welded joints of tram rails in city environments</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1530021</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper concerns the issue of cracking of thermite-welded tram rails. The work presents cases of rail cracking revealed directly after welding or after a short period of track operation. The results of static strength tests, resistance to brittle cracking tests, microstructure and chemical composition examinations of a rail that cracked after thermite welding are discussed. It is emphasised that the main cause of occurrence of cracks in the area of rail web is thermal (welding) stresses. Non-metallic inclusions, the presence of hydrogen in the rail and the influence of an active environment were pointed out as factors conducive to the occurrence of brittle cracks.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 18 Aug 2018 22:05:38 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1530021</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Effect of High CP Potentials on Pipelines</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1485416</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Concern over the effects of high cathodic protection (CP) potentials ("overprotection") on pipelines has been discussed for many years. The concern focuses in two areas: (1) high potentials affecting pipeline coatings and (2) high potentials resulting in hydrogen-related damage to the steel. The primary objective of the research was to develop a set of guidelines that will assist a pipeline operator in selecting a high potential limit. The results of the extensive experimental program show that, under the tested conditions, the imposition of the CP current had an effect on the mechanical properties of the studied steels. The primary observed effect is that, in response to the increase of the current density of the CP current, the brittle area on the fracture surface of the slow strain rate test specimens increased as well. The size of the brittle area serves as a proxy for the propensity of hydrogen-related damage. Similar trends were observed for the tested external pipeline coatings: higher imposed CP densities led to a more pronounced disbondment of the coatings in the presence of a holiday. It is important to stress that whereas the increase in the CP current produced an effect on the mechanical properties of the studied steels and external coatings, there is insufficient data to draw definitive conclusions as to the quantified relationship between the CP current density and structural integrity of the operating pipelines.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 24 Oct 2017 17:13:18 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1485416</guid>
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