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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>Numerical simulation of particle dispersion distribution in the wake of an isolated rotating wheel</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2691752</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Vehicle dust poses an increasingly severe threat to human health and driving safety. To delve into the impact mechanisms of various factors on the distribution of dust particles around vehicle wheels, the computational fluid dynamics method was employed for numerical simulation. Furthermore, the proper orthogonal decomposition method was used to decompose the flow field, extract the principal modes, and reveal the interaction mechanisms between flow field structure changes and the movement of dust particles. The results indicate that particle diameter variation did not significantly alter the overall spatial distribution state or residence time of particles; an increase in particle diameter reduced the number of particles in each cross-section, with the POD-decomposed flow field showing consistent results, and the power spectral density of the three being around 32.73. An increase in vehicle speed led to a more symmetrical distribution of particles and reduced their residence time. Under crosswind conditions, increased crosswind angle alters particle distribution by reducing particle count and elevating diffusion height. At a crosswind angle of 10°, the power spectral density reaches 91.89, indicating enhanced susceptibility of particles to low-frequency disturbances.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 20 Apr 2026 17:01:12 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2691752</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>“Dust and wheels”: Unraveling urban traffic–PM₂.₅ coupling in arid cities</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2676254</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Traffic emissions can dominate near-road exposure to fine particulate matter (PM₂.₅) in arid cities with limited atmospheric dispersion. Using multi-source hourly observations of traffic activity, air pollutants, and meteorology from the Yinchuan Urban Ecosystem Research Station, we characterized traffic–PM₂.₅ coupling by combining correlation networks with an interpretable machine-learning framework (Random Forest, RF; partial dependence analysis; SHapley Additive exPlanations, SHAP). Pollutant concentrations exhibited clear diurnal cycles: PM₂.₅, black carbon (BC), and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) increased at night and in the early morning. The RF model identified BC, NO2, and relative humidity (RH) as the strongest predictors of PM₂.₅. Nonlinear effects and interactions indicated higher PM2.5 risk under humid, low-wind conditions indicative of stagnation. SHAP interaction analysis showed strengthened joint contributions for BC × RH and BC × NO₂, suggesting that BC-oriented controls may yield greater co-benefits under humid conditions. These findings provide a scientific basis for traffic-emission control and targeted air-pollution mitigation strategies.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 25 Mar 2026 11:44:48 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2676254</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A posteriori constrained bio-inspired algorithm for enhancing strength and resilient modulus of soft subgrade soil</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2633398</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In this study, a hybridised bi-objective optimisation technique was proposed to optimise process parameters (additives) in pavement engineering. The two process parameters, rice husk ash (RHA) and quarry dust (QD), which were used for the treatment of the soft subgrade soil, were set as input parameters in the development of two regression functions with the RSM optimisation technique. Next, the developed regression functions were utilised as fitness functions in the MOGOA and Pareto optimal solutions that represent different optimum combinations of additives. Subsequently, a selected optimum combination of additives (14.5% RHA and 14.4% QD) was used to validate the proposed hybridised RSM-MOGOA technique. The predicted values by the RSM-MOGOA technique for the 28-day unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and the California bearing ratio (CBR) of the soft subgrade were 729.9 kN/m² and 50.4%, respectively while those obtained from confirmatory experiment were 736.50 kN/m² and 54.4%, respectively for the UCS and CBR.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 10 Mar 2026 09:56:53 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2633398</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Rutting behaviour of cold bitumen emulsion mix containing alternate fillers</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2643499</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study investigated the effects of different fillers on the rutting resistance of Cold Bitumen Emulsion Mixes (CBEM). Five fillers were used: stone dust, cement, lime, fly ash (FA) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS). A wheel-tracking rutting test was performed at 40, 50 and 60 °C. The results showed that all treated CBEM samples had improved rutting resistance compared to the untreated sample. However, FA and GGBFS were less effective than cement due to their slower rate of hydration. Adding lime to FA and GGBFS resulted in a synergistic association, with GGBFS-lime and FA-lime treated CBEM exhibiting greater rutting resistance. The results of the multi-stress creep and recovery (MSCR) test on the cold bitumen emulsion mastic (CBEMa) were consistent with the wheel-tracking rutting data. XRD analysis revealed that improving rutting resistance was associated with the formation of hydration products in the CBEMa containing alternate fillers.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 22 Feb 2026 14:58:35 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2643499</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Measurements of wear and resuspension from individual vehicles : WeaRS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2666536</link>
      <description><![CDATA[It is well known that particles in air affect both climate and health. Due to more stringent regulations of exhaust emissions, more efficient engines and more hybrid and electric vehicles in the vehicle fleet, the exhaust-related particle emissions from road traffic have steadily decreased. Conversely, the emissions of wear particles from tires, brakes, and roadway as well as resuspension of road dust, today unregulated, is increasing in pace with a growing vehicle fleet. Quantitative data on non-exhaust emissions (NEE) is scarce. In this project a novel method was develop and tested for measuring and characterising the emissions of resuspension/wear particles from individual vehicles in real-world traffic. Measurements were conducted at the VTI road simulator, at a test track and in real traffic. The estimated emissions were characterised with respect to vehicle weight, speed, and road dust load and its characteristics, as well as compared to emissions resulting from the NORTRIP emission model.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 05 Feb 2026 08:33:29 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2666536</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Improvement of sub-grade soil by the addition of rice husk ash and marble dust</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2643671</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Subgrade soil stability is crucial in pavement design because it affects the structural integrity and performance of road infrastructure. Expansive soils, such as those found in Pakistan, pose considerable issues due to their high plasticity, low shear strength, and swelling potential. This study investigates the use of Rice Husk Ash (RHA) and Marble Dust (MD) as stabilizers to improve the geotechnical features of subgrade soil. Soil samples from G.T. Road, Hakimabad, Nowshera were treated with different amounts of MD (10%, 20%, 30%) and RHA (4%, 6%, 8%). A series of tests was performed, including the California Bearing Ratio (CBR), plasticity index (PI), swelling potential, and compaction properties. The results showed that 30% MD and 8% RHA greatly enhanced soil properties: CBR increased from 0.8% to 28.9%, swelling decreased by 94.74% (from 0.76% to 0.04%), optimum moisture content (OMC) declined from 26% to 17%, and maximum dry density (MDD) increased from 105.06 to 181.04 lb/ft³. The unique aspect of this study is the synergistic effect of combining RHA and MD, which minimizes swelling and plasticity while increasing compaction and load-bearing capability. This approach offers a cost-effective and sustainable alternative to traditional stabilizers such as lime and cement, as well as an effective solution for improving subgrade soil stability in resource-constrained areas.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 29 Jan 2026 17:02:24 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2643671</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Utilising cement kiln dust as a sustainable cementitious alternative for recycled asphalt pavement materials: a mechanical, economic, and environmental study</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2643715</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study investigated the mechanical, microstructural, and environmental performance of recycled asphalt pavement materials stabilised with ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and cement kiln dust (CKD) as sustainable alternatives for full-depth reclamation (FDR) applications. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS), indirect tensile strength (ITS), flexural strength (FS), resilient modulus (M[subscript R]), and wet–dry durability were evaluated for various reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) blends. Results showed that CKD at 15% maximised strength, the UCS increased up to 9.7 times compared to unstabilised blends and matched 3% OPC in up to 80% RAP blends, with similar ITS, FS, and M[subscript R] trends before declining at higher dosages. However, CKD mixtures exhibited greater strength loss under wet–dry cycles than OPC mixes. Microstructural analysis revealed cementitious product formation, microstructural densification, elevated chloride/alkali content, and chloro-aluminate hydrates that explain CKD's performance limits. Lifecycle assessment showed CKD can cut CO₂ emissions by up to 89% and reduced costs by 36% versus OPC, supporting its use as a sustainable stabiliser in low- to medium-traffic FDR designs when properly dosed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 26 Jan 2026 08:41:42 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2643715</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>An integrative analysis of microplastics in spider webs and road dust in an urban environment–webbed routes and asphalt trails</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2477795</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The authors studied the presence of microplastics in road dust and in spider webs using micro-Fourier transform infrared imaging. Parking lots were used as sampling sites. A sampling device was built by the authors specifically for this purpose. This was the first time that such an approach was used. It revealed that polyurethane was the microplastic found in highest concentrations in road dust, whereas polyester was most pervasive in spider webs. Rainfall is a significant factor in moving microplastics from pavements into waterways, posing health risks for humans and animals.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 21 Nov 2025 08:44:22 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2477795</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>TR-813 An Economical and Sustainable Dust Suppressant for Gravel Roads</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2620625</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Air pollution from fugitive dust poses a significant health risk to the population in rural and arid regions. Conventional chloride-based suppressants offer temporary dust control, leading to soil contamination and infrastructure corrosion. This study proposes the synthesis of a starch-based powder that regenerates into a hydrogel for dust mitigation, owing to its agglomeration and crust-forming abilities. The hydrogel was synthesized by thermally degrading amylopectin-rich starch, undergoing a freeze-thaw cycle, and pulverizing it into powder. The powder was then added to hot water (>65°C) at concentrations of 0.5%, 1%, 2%, and 3% by weight of solution to form regenerated amylopectin starch hydrogel (RASH). Dust suppression performance was evaluated using PI-SWERL (Portable in-situ Wind Erosion Lab) to assess wind erosion rates, and penetration tests to measure crust strength. Results demonstrated that 1%wt. RASH achieved a 100% reduction in wind erosion rates, even at a speed of 90 km/h. This is attributed to the agglomeration of soil grains and the formation of a thick crust. Field tests over 20 days confirmed sustained PM10 suppression in extreme arid conditions (39°C) across various soil types. As a result, a novel, energy-efficient starch-based dust suppressant is proposed, offering a low-cost and scalable solution for long-term dust control in arid climates.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 11 Nov 2025 14:40:47 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2620625</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A novel haul road dust suppression system using de-alkalized red mud as road base material and ancillary palygorskite-based biopolymer surfactant</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2600944</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study develops a sustainable dust control system for mine haul roads by integrating de-alkalized red mud as the foundational roadbed material with an attapulgite-based biopolymer suppressant. The experimental results demonstrate that this dust suppressant exhibits excellent water retention (with an anti-evaporation rate of 97.74 %) and wettability. APSN (dust suppressant) significantly enhances the mechanical integrity of the red mud substrate, achieving unconfined compressive strengths of 553 kPa (dry condition) and 460.3 kPa (with 10 % moisture content) through cross-linking. Pore ratio experiments reveal that the interaction between the dust suppressant and dust particles improves the stability of the specimens. This suppressant provides a dust suppression efficiency of 98.87 % under a 20-hour wind tunnel test by reducing the interparticle distance, enhancing the liquid bridge force with an increased radius of curvature, bridging particles via palygorskite (ATP) fiber connections through van der Waals interactions, and expanding particle clusters into erosion-resistant aggregates through sodium polyacrylate /soy protein isolate (PAAS/SPI) covalent/hydrogen bonding. At the microstructural level, APSN-treated samples exhibit reduced porosity under triaxial stress. Scanning Electron Microscope / Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (SEM/EDS) analysis confirms that the ATP-rich O-Si-Mg skeletal structure adsorbs fine particles, while PAAS/SPI fills pores and forms a cohesive fibrous network. Together, these mechanisms minimize crack propagation and enhance shear resistance, thereby ensuring superior long-term road stability.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 31 Oct 2025 09:48:30 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2600944</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Comprehensive assessment of remarkable heavy metals contamination in road dust in Greater Cairo: Priority control factors based on source apportionment and risk assessment</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2611829</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Heavy metals (HMs) accumulation in road dust (RD) is a critical consequence of uncontrolled anthropogenic activities, posing a major challenge to the environment and human health. Greater Cairo, one of the world's most densely populated megacities, embodies this dilemma, driven by rapid urbanization, unchecked industrial expansion, traffic congestion, and weak environmental management. For managing HMs in the RD of Greater Cairo, this investigation assessed the pollution levels, sources, and related eco-health risks of 10 HMs (Cr, Mn, Ni, Fe, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Hg, As). The result revealed that the mean concentrations (mg/kg) of Cd (0.43), Zn (184.2), Cu (69.5), and Pb (54.2) were three times higher than the Upper Continental Crust (UCC) background. The most serious contamination levels were those of Cd, Zn, Cu, and Pb, with more than 80 % of sites showing significant and very high enrichment of these metals. The integrated ecological risk for total HMs in 91.8 % of sites ranged between moderate and considerable risk. Absolute principal component analysis and multiple linear regression receptor model (APCS/MLR) identified three sources of contamination: mixed natural/traffic sources (70.7 %), industrial/construction sources (15.9 %), and traffic sources (13.4 %). The probabilistic health risk based on Monte Carlo simulation revealed acceptable non-carcinogenic risks for adult and children, while the probability of cancer risk for children was substantially higher in children (99.6 %) than in adults (71.4 %). Environmental and health risk control strategies prioritize natural and traffic sources, with an emphasis on Cd, Zn, Cu, and Pb in RD. This study provides a framework for governing HMs pollution in the RD of Greater Cairo.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Oct 2025 15:38:58 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2611829</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Dust Storm Detection and Notification System: Phase 1 (Needs and Equipment Assessment) and Phase 2 (Equipment Procurement)</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2582921</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Periodic dust storms in the southwestern region of New Mexico present significant safety hazards to motorists. The associated direct and indirect costs are significant. This project identified the need to continuously detect dust storms and deployed an automated system that will notify motorists of limited visibility conditions, direct motorists how to respond, notify the appropriate authorities, and that is capable of being incorporated into the appropriate New Mexico Department of Transportation (NMDOT) District’s existing incident management plan. In Phase I of the project, a needs assessment and equipment survey was performed. The assessment included evaluation of available equipment, appraisal of typical financial and operational requirements of dust storm detection and notification systems, and assessment of associated equipment-specific costs and system performance expectations. The Roadside Weather Information System (RWIS) was selected as the key equipment for dust storm detection. In Phase II, two RWIS stations were purchased and installed: One at MP11 and the other at MP12 on the I-10 New Mexico section. It is recommended that Phase III carry out a two-year, long-term system monitoring and evaluation test. Phase III will verify the performance of the equipment, especially during the dust storm seasons. Optimal ways to maintain and use the equipment and the impact of the dust storm detection system on traffic safety should also be evaluated.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 21 Oct 2025 11:36:25 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2582921</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Experimental and numerical simulation of road dust distribution and transport characteristics under disturbance of automobile tire in open-pit mine</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2592325</link>
      <description><![CDATA[To develop targeted measures, understanding the distribution and transport of road dust under disturbance of automobile tire is essential. This study combines experimental and numerical simulation methods to investigate the spatial distribution and transport characteristics of road dust, considering road, vehicle characteristics and meteorological factors. The road dust cloud structure is characterized using dimensionless parameters, and the dust cloud volume is used to evaluate the pollution range in three-dimensional space due to tire disturbance near the vehicle. The results indicate that the total dust concentration is higher at the W/B=0 position due to tire disturbance. Speed and load significantly impact the width of the road dust cloud, with maximum growth rates of 82% and 47% respectively within the ranges of speed and load variations. In addition, the diffusion of dust from open-pit mines has a significant impact on the environmental quality of Hebei Province and Tianjin City. The findings of this study provide theoretical guidance for the control and assessment of road dust pollution.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 30 Sep 2025 08:34:16 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2592325</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Cement Kiln Dust with Fine Volcanic Ash as Substitute Fillers for Hot Mix Asphalt</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2553014</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Waste and by-product materials are often used as substitutes for raw materials in asphalt mixtures to lessen building costs, minimize environmental problems, and protect natural resources. This study investigates the feasibility of employing two kinds of ashes, fine volcanic ash (FVA) and cement kiln dust (CKD), which are abundantly available in various regions of Yemen, as substitute hot mix asphalt filler (HMA) for conventional fillers. A traditional filler, basalt filler (BF), was partially and totally replaced at different percentages. FVA replaced 15%, 30%, 45%, 60%, and 100% by weight of the filler. CKD replaced the traditional filler with 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% by weight of fillers as a partial replacement. The total replacement of traditional fillers includes 20% CKD + 80% FVA, 40% CKD + 60% FVA, 60% CKD + 40% FVA, and 80% CKD + 20% FVA. The evaluation of the planned HMA was done using conventional mechanical and volumetric characteristics. Marshall stability, direct compression (DC) tests, and indirect tensile strength (ITS) were employed to evaluate the influence of FVA with CKD fillers on the asphalt mixture’s mechanical characteristics. The outcomes of the experiment demonstrated that 60% CKD + 40% FVA was used instead of the traditional mineral filler. A novel HMA was introduced, demonstrating enhanced stability, increased bulk density, decreased voids filled with bitumen (VFB), and lower flow compared to the mixture used as a control. Results showed that FVA and CKD may respectively substitute 30% and 75% of the BF. The ITS and the DC exhibited an increase. Therefore, incorporating CKD and FVA as fillers in is a sustainable solution that enhances performance, durability, and environmental benefits in asphalt construction.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 26 Sep 2025 13:40:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2553014</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The urban mycobiome of transport environments: Characterising the fungal composition of passive dust samples collected in railway stations in England</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2585653</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Fungal bioaerosols, including spores and fragments, are significant components of urban air and are associated with infectious and allergic disease. Despite their importance, fungal bioaerosols are less well studied compared to bacteria and viruses. Mass transit environments, such as railway stations, represent a potential source of occupational and community exposure to fungal bioaerosols. While some studies have analysed the fungal composition of subway systems, there is limited information on overground stations. Here the authors combined metabarcoding of the ITS2 region with ecological guild assignment to analyse a subset of 259 settled dust samples collected from 9 stations across England over a 12-month period. These samples were part of a larger set of 1287 samples collected from 17 English and Scottish overground railway stations that had been previously analysed with traditional culture methods. This approach enabled the identification of a wider range of fungal taxa than the original study, demonstrating that the urban mycobiome of the railway stations was a dynamic balance of taxa from both environmental and human sources covering diverse functional guilds. Station location, layout and season independently contributed to urban fungal richness, diversity, and composition. Functional guild analysis enabled identification of possible fungal sources and highlighted those of potential concern for workers and commuters. Future research should focus on better understanding source apportionment, the biological mechanisms linking fungal exposures to adverse health outcomes and, developing and evaluating targeted interventions to improve air quality within railway stations and other urban public spaces to minimise associated health risks.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 26 Sep 2025 13:39:55 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2585653</guid>
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