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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <title>Driving as an employment qualification</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2475131</link>
      <description><![CDATA[More than one in six jobs being advertised in the UK requires applicants to be able to drive, analysis suggests. This research shows that in the first week of October 2023 a total of 1,092,172 recruitment ads were posted on the job vacancy aggregator site Adzuna. Of the 1,092,172 advertisements, 189,608 (17.4%) explicitly or implicitly required those applying to have at least a standard driving licence because the job was either: 1. specifically for a driver, 2. or required driving during the course of work, 3. or a car was needed to reach work (due to reduced accessibility by public transport). The analysis looked at data for the same week in October in the eight years from 2016 to 2023, inclusive. Whilst the highest proportion of jobs requiring the ability to drive was seen in 2020 at the height of the pandemic (120,190 out of 611,702, or 19.6%) the proportion for 2023 was still higher than in any of the four years pre-Covid.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 09 Dec 2024 19:05:09 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>What vulnerable people? Drive My Life: a community mentoring driving programme</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2441593</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Drive My Life empowers referral based vulnerable and/or at-risk participants by providing a supportive environment to gain the necessary knowledge and skills essential to obtaining a drivers’ licence. There is a real opportunity to deliver a programme aimed at teaching those even with the most limited education, the necessary knowledge and skills to gain their correct licence. Participant goals include employment and educational opportunities, access to goods and services and the ability to connect with friends and family. The programme is not just about getting a licence, it is making safe drivers with a licence and the ripple effect is even more rewarding.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 15 Oct 2024 13:33:27 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2441593</guid>
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      <title>Regional road safety education: towards independence, skills, and safety</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2441582</link>
      <description><![CDATA[School-based road safety education can develop independence and work-readiness in students and obtaining a licence is one of the ways in which they can significantly improve employment prospects. In addition, a licence can assist students to develop the social and emotional capabilities, and road safety skills and knowledge to use roads and vehicles safely. AISNSW Wellbeing and Personal Development, Health and Physical Education (PDHPE) Consultants supported Riverina Community School in Griffith, regional NSW Australia to achieve sustainable outcomes related to their road safety education project in 2020/2021. Through professional learning, support and connections to the NSW Advocate for Children and Young People, NSW Government and NSW Police, successful intersectoral collaboration has enabled two cohorts of students overcome a range of barriers experienced by students in regional and rural locations to attain their Learners Permit with a process enacted to gain Provisional Licences. The Griffith project became a case study that was discussed in a 2021 NSW Parliamentary Inquiry related to regional and remote drivers licence attainment.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 15 Oct 2024 13:33:19 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2441582</guid>
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      <title>Driver licensing directions statement</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2335099</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This document provides an overarching statement of the aspirational intent for driver licensing in Australia. Five key principles which guide the development of licensing policy are identified. The key elements underpinning each of the principles are outlined, and emerging and current challenges discussed. References are provided to related Austroads publications.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 06 Feb 2024 09:05:44 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2335099</guid>
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      <title>Mobile driver licences: developing a harmonisation roadmap</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2335098</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report is an output of a project that incorporated both consultative and desktop research components to establish supportable national policy directions to inform the development of a national mobile driver licences (mDL) implementation roadmap. Key policy questions related to the adoption of a design approach, which allowed seamless interoperability both domestically and internationally by licence regulators, enforcement agencies and relying parties, recognised the need for the licence holder to control sharing of data, provided secure real time verification of the currency of the licence and acknowledged the primary use case value, for licence holders, of its use as an identity document. This report notes significant work on mDL related matters taking place in other places and that most Australian transport agencies, which play a critical role in the digital credential and identity eco-system, have only marginal control of critical design decisions. The report also notes a recent national meeting of responsible agencies agreed to move towards ISO/IEC 18013-5 and ISO/IEC 18013-7 as the standards for future mDL design and development. The report provides directions for concluding work on mDL development, including future standardisation, consideration of issues relating to identity verification, suggestions for system governance, including representative roles for Austroads and a number of critical tasks for further work.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 06 Feb 2024 09:05:43 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2335098</guid>
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      <title>Assessing fitness to drive for commercial and private vehicle drivers: medical standards for licensing and clinical management guidelines</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1987579</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Driving a motor vehicle is a complex task involving perception, appropriate judgement, adequate response time and appropriate physical capability. A range of medical conditions, disabilities and treatments may influence these driving prerequisites. Such impairment may adversely affect driving ability, possibly resulting in a crash causing death or injury. Assessing Fitness to Drive's primary purpose is to increase road safety in Australia by assisting health professionals to: 1. assess the fitness to drive of their patients in a consistent and appropriate manner based on current medical evidence; 2. promote the responsible behaviour of their patients, having regard to their medical fitness; 3. conduct medical examinations for the licensing of drivers as required by state and territory driver licensing authorities: 4. provide information to inform decisions on conditional licences; 5. recognise the extent and limits of their professional and legal obligations with respect to reporting fitness to drive. The publication also aims to provide guidance to driver licensing authorities in making licensing decisions. With these aims in mind the publication: 1. outlines clear medical requirements for driver capability based on available evidence and expert medical opinion; 2. clearly differentiates between national minimum standards for drivers of commercial and private vehicles; 3. provides general guidelines for managing patients with respect to their fitness to drive; 4. outlines the legal obligations for health professionals, driver licensing authorities and drivers; 5. provides a reporting template to guide reporting to the driver licensing authority if required; 6. provides links to supporting and substantiating information. Routine use of these standards will ensure the fitness to drive of each patient is assessed in a consistent manner. In doing so, the health professional will not only be contributing to road safety but may minimise medico-legal exposure in the event that a patient is involved in a crash or disputes a licensing decision.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 30 Jun 2022 12:04:41 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1987579</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Assessing fitness to drive: 2020-21 review: final report</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1970988</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Assessing Fitness to Drive – Commercial and Private Vehicle Drivers contains the nationally agreed medical standards for the purposes of driver licensing. The NTC has reviewed Assessing Fitness to Drive to: address issues raised by stakeholders; ensure the standards reflect medical evidence and best practice; and meet the practical needs for licensing private and commercial vehicle drivers.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jun 2022 16:38:22 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1970988</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Trends in young adult driver licensing rates in South Australia</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1896512</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Declines in the proportions of young adults with driver licences have been observed in several countries. This study investigated whether declines in driver licensing rates have also occurred among young adults (17-24 years) in South Australia and whether any such trends are associated with gender, location of residence (metropolitan/rural) and socio-economic status. Examination of licensing trends from 2009 to 2018 revealed a decreasing trend for young South Australians to hold a driver licence. The decline was most evident for those aged 17 to 19 years with licensing rates decreasing from 62% in 2009 to 55% in 2018. The steepest decline (from 52% to 37%) was observed among drivers aged 17. In contrast, licensing rates for those aged 20 to 24 years were stable at approximately 75% suggesting some young drivers are delaying getting a licence until their early to mid 20s. Further analyses indicated that the lowest licensing rates were among young adults living in metropolitan Adelaide or middle socio-economic ranked areas. In addition, both young males and females aged 17 to 19 and those living in the metropolitan area had declining licensing rates over time. These groups have the greatest potential to take up alternative travel modes such as active travel, public transport and ride sharing. Transport planners and policy makers need to ensure that the safety needs resulting from potentially increased take-up of alternative travel modes by young adults are met, as suggested by their declining licensing rates. Meeting these safety needs will depend on determining which travel modes are being taken up and in which circumstances young adults are using them. Trends in licensing rates and travel mode choices among young adults should continue to be monitored as the transport system continues to become more multimodal.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 09 Dec 2021 10:19:05 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1896512</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Are medical fitness to drive procedures fit for purpose?</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1850465</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report examines the current state of play in PIN countries regarding the assessment of medical fitness to drive, with reference to the 2006 EU Directive on Driving Licences which states that driving licences shall be issued only to applicants “who meet medical standards”. The EU is currently reviewing the Directive and a revised legal proposal is expected in 2022. This report focuses exclusively on Category B driving licences, i.e. the licence required to drive a car, small van or minibus that can carry up to eight passengers. Studies have concluded that specific medical conditions, substance abuse, mental disorders, epilepsy and diabetes are more important factors than age when it comes to medical fitness to drive. Mandatory age-based screening of older drivers has not been shown to be effective in preventing severe collisions. It may even have a negative safety impact, as older drivers become vulnerable road users. Medical checks performed when obtaining a licence, renewing a licence or re-licensing can be useful for identifying medical conditions which may affect fitness to drive. It is recommended that a standardised screening process be considered across all Member States when assessing a driver’s fitness to drive. The process should be based on international best practice and ideally, consistent across all jurisdictions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 05 May 2021 15:36:41 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1850465</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>An investigation into unsafe behaviors and traffic accidents involving unlicensed drivers: a perspective for alignment measurement</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1749317</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 05 Nov 2020 09:47:49 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1749317</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Motorised mobility devices: stakeholder feedback and project finalisation</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1722513</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report collates stakeholder feedback provided in response to a Discussion Paper Motorised Mobility Devices Discussion Paper: Establishing a Nationally Consistent Framework and Adopting Technical Specification 3695.3.2018 circulated in August 2019. Responses were received from a range of stakeholders, including MMD user representative groups, government and industry representatives. As a result, Austroads has become aware of a number of reviews that are underway or planned, which have the potential to impact the outcome of this project. It is therefore recommended that adoption of a technical specification for MMDs not be progressed due to the possible results from those other reviews. Stakeholders expressed opposition to national registration and licensing arrangements for MMDs and their users. As a result, it is also recommended that no further action be taken with respect to registration and licensing schemes. Options for third party insurance are also explored.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 17 Jul 2020 11:48:29 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1722513</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Vehicle registration and driver licensing in Australia, New Zealand and Europe: a comparison study</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1703336</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report provides a comparison of vehicle registration and driver licensing practices between Australia, New Zealand and Europe. It builds on the Vehicle and Driver Chain framework (Ereg 2019), initiated by RDW (The Netherlands Vehicle Authority) in 2001, and used today by the Association of European Vehicle and Driver Registration Authorities. This framework has formed the basis of regular surveys and a companion report on European practices and trends in vehicle and driver regulation. The report demonstrates that regulators in Australia, New Zealand and Europe face similar issues and opportunities. Common challenges include road safety, identity crime and data protection. New frontiers are being explored through the digitisation of services and the development of disruptive vehicle technologies such as electric vehicles and automated vehicles. The report highlights how each region, and its member jurisdictions, have pursued a range of different strategies to address these developments, and to create better outcomes for their communities.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 28 Apr 2020 12:08:32 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1703336</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Education and training for drivers of assisted and automated vehicles</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1703333</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report documents the outcomes of research designed to: 1. examine what role, if any, registration and licensing authorities should undertake to ensure that licence applicants are competent in the use of advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS; SAE Levels 0-2) and automated driving features (ADF; SAE Level 3); and 2. determine whether there is a need to review the current driver licensing framework to address gaps (perceived or real) in driver competency when operating these systems and features. The study involved a literature review, stakeholder consultations, a training needs analysis and an assessment of key issues specified by Austroads. It concluded that registration and licensing authorities have a potential role to play in the learning and assessment of the use of ADAS/ADF by light and heavy vehicle drivers, but that there is no need to review the current driver licensing framework; however, research and crash data in relation to ADAS/ADF should be monitored to identify if future changes are justified. Options for specific learning and assessment initiatives are proposed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 28 Apr 2020 12:08:27 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1703333</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Human factor considerations for a licensing point system</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1655057</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The New Zealand Transport Agency (Transport Agency) sought to better understand how licensing point systems (LPSs) operate, including how different population groups respond to LPSs. A literature review provided a theoretical background for understanding the functions of LPSs and factors that may influence LPS effectiveness. The LPSs that exist worldwide were studied to identify the features of a ‘best-practice’ system. The Transport Agency offence data for all New Zealand-licensed drivers from 2005 to 2014 was analysed to explore how individuals and cohort drivers respond to licensing points, and to identify factors that impact on the likelihood of multiple offending. An on-line survey of a representative sample of 999 New Zealand adult car-licence holders and focus groups with four key road-user groups (young novice drivers, Maori drivers, professional drivers and motor cyclists) were conducted to investigate knowledge of, and attitude toward, the LPS, as well as acceptability of possible refinements. Results suggested approaches for refining the LPS to strengthen deterrence for a substantial group of repeat offenders (including focus on key offences), and to enhance the ability of the LPS to identify, suspend and remediate the smaller group of incalcitrant recidivist offenders. Consistent enforcement, and initiatives to enhance public knowledge and awareness of the LPS and enforcement activities, are critical to supporting the system. Careful consideration of the broader policy implications of approaches to align with international best practice LPSs would be required before the adoption of approaches which effectively balance of deterrence, road safety and fairness.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 26 Sep 2019 12:21:15 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1655057</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Trial of improved procedures for driver licence testing by occupational therapists</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1607159</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 20 May 2019 10:44:32 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1607159</guid>
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