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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <item>
      <title>Drilling methods</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1206804</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 24 Aug 2012 21:57:19 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1206804</guid>
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      <title>Evaluation of application of drilling process monitoring (DPM) technique for soil nailing works</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1153973</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Drill Process Monitoring (DPM) technique was developed by the Department of Civil Engineering, University of Hong Kong for real-time, continuous monitoring of soil nail drilling operation and site characterization based on the measured drill penetration rates.   A trial use of the technique was carried out at a slope upgrading works site under the Landslip Preventive Measures (LPM) programme to evaluate the feasibility of adopting the technique.  This report describes the mechanism of drill-hole formation, discusses the various factors affecting drill penetration rates and reports the results of the site trial.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 22 Aug 2012 20:59:50 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1153973</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>EXPERIENCE WITH BECKER HAMMER DRILL IN FOUNDATION INVESTIGATION IN HEAVY GRAVEL DEPOSITS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/121354</link>
      <description><![CDATA[DRILLING IN GLACIAL, ALLUVIAL AND LACUSTRINE DEPOSITS OF SAND, GRAVEL AND COBBLY MATERIAL WITH CONVENTIONAL AUGER, ROTARY OF CHURN DRILLING EQUIPMENT IS SLOW, EXPENSIVE, AND YIELDS LITTLE USABLE QUANTITATIVE ENGINEERING INFORMATION. THE BECKER HAMMER DRILL IS RECOMMENDED AS PROVIDING MORE INFORMATION. IT IS HIGHER QUALITY, FASTER, AND LESS EXPENSIVE. IT IS A METHOD OF DRILLING IN WHICH THE CASTING IS DRIVEN AHEAD BY A DIESEL OPERATED PILE HAMMER WHILE AIR UNDER PRESSURE IS FORCED DOWNWARD THROUGH THE ANNULUS OF THE DOUBLE WALL CASING. THE AIR RETURNS UPWARD THROUGH THE INSIDE CASING BRINGING WITH IT THE MATERIALS CUT BY THE DRILL BIT. WATER OR DRILLING FLUID CAN BE USED IN PLACE OF AIR. THE CASING CONSISTS OF TWO HEAVY DUTY PIPES WELDED TOGETHER BY FOUR REINFORCING STRAPS WITH PREDRILLED TOOL JOINTS WELDED TO EACH END. A RUBBER O RING IS USED AT EACH JOINT TO PREVENT THE DRILLING FLUID OR AIR FROM ESCAPING. THE DRIVE CASING IS DRIVEN WITH A LINK-BELT DIESEL POWER HAMMER WHICH IS RATED AT 8,000 FOOT POUNDS PER BLOW AT 90 TO 95 BLOWS PER MINUTE. ALL POWER FOR THE COMPRESSOR, PUMPS AND HYDRAULIC ARE SUPPLIED BY THE TRUCK ENGINE. A HYDRAULIC DRIVEN ROTARY-TYPE DRILL ATTACHMENT CAN BE MOUNTED WHEN THE CASING REACHES BEDROCK AND THE BORING CONTINUED BY CONVENTIONAL DIAMOND CORE DRILLING PROCEDURES.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 15 Aug 2004 02:39:02 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/121354</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>TWO-DAY CONFERENCE ON EXPLORATORY BORING AND CORE SAMPLING</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/121082</link>
      <description><![CDATA[AFTER EXPLAINING THE REASONS FOR THE ORGANIZATION OF THIS CONFERENCE AND THE OBJECTIVES AIMED AT, THE AUTHOR COMMENTS ON THE DIFFERENT EXPERIMENTS INVOLVED. FIRST, SOME SOIL AUGERS WERE PRESENTED ON A FOREST SITE. THE BORINGS HAD TO BE MADE IN SILICEOUS CLAY. THE RESULTS OF THE DEMONSTRATION ARE GIVEN IN TWO TABLES AND A COMPARISON IS MADE BETWEEN THE DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES, ON THE ONE HAND BETWEEN SLOW SPEEDS AND HIGH SPEEDS, AND ON THE OTHER HAND BETWEEN LARGE- DIAMETER SINGLE-SPIRAL AUGERS AND SMALL-DIAMETER CONTINUOUS AUGERS. THEN CAME A PRESENTATION OF MACHINERY MAINLY DESIGNED FOR RECONNAISSANCE AND EXPLORATION IN SUBMERGED NON-COHESIVE ALLUVIAL FORMATIONS. THE AUTHOR CONSIDERS THAT STUDY OF THE SUBJECT SHOULD MAKE IT POSSIBLE TO REDUCE THE DRAWBACKS NOTED IN RESPECT OF THE BENOTO DRILLING RIG, WHICH IS PERFECTLY SUITED TO SUBMERGED ALLUVIAL SOIL. THE DEMONSTRATION OF THE P.T.C. VIBRATORY DRIVER DID NOT BRING OUT THE POTENTIALITIES OF THIS MACHINE, WHICH OPERATES PERCUSSIVELY WHEN THE RESISTANCE OF THE SOIL IS HIGH, AND BY VIBRATION WHEN THE RESISTANCE DROPS. THE MENARD ROTARY VIBRATORY DRIVER IS A LIGHTWEIGHT MACHINE WHICH, BY VIBRO- PERCUSSION, ENABLES A TUBE COLUMN TO BE LOWERED AND RAISED AND CORE SAMPLES TO BE TAKEN BY ROTATION. SOME MOBILE DRILLING RIGS, SUCH AS THE MOBILE DRILLING MINUTEMAN AND THE S.L.R., WERE ALSO PRESENTED, ALONG WITH TWO CORE BORERS, ONE OF THE SCREW TYPE, THE OTHER OF THE PRESSURE TYPE, WHICH CAN PROVIDE SAMPLES FOR C.B.R. TESTS. TWO STATIC PENETROMETERS, THE FRENCH PAREZ AND THE DUTCH GOUDA, WERE COMPARED. ESPECIALLY NOTEWORTHY WAS THE INKING SYSTEM OF THE LATTER. THE SECOND PART OF THE ARTICLE IS DEVOTED TO ROADBUILDING CORE BORERS. THE RESULTS OF TESTS CARRIED OUT ON BITUMINOUS MIX, CONCRETE AND GRAVEL-CEMENT TRACKS, AND IN A CONCRETE WALL, ARE GIVEN IN A GENERAL TABLE, SOME CRITICISM AND SUGGESTIONS ARE ALSO FORMULATED. IT APPEARS IN PARTICULAR THAT ROAD-MAKING CORE BORINGS MAY NECESSITATE AT LEAST TWO TYPES OF VARIOUS CORE BORERS IN A LIMITED RANGE OF DIAMETERS. /AUTHOR/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 15 Aug 2004 02:37:58 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/121082</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>STRENGTH OF ROCK</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/118117</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A NEW METHOD INVOLVING THE USE OF AN ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE STRAIN GAUGE FOR MEASURING ROCK STRESSES IN SITU IS DESCRIBED. THE GAUGE DESCRIBED INCORPORATES A WATER-PROOFED STRAIN CELL, WITH THE USE OF STANDARD DIAMONDCORE DRILLING EQUIPMENT IT ENABLES MEASUREMENTS TO BE MADE MORE THAN 100 FT FROM THE ROCK FACE. PNEUMATIC AND MANUALLY OPERATED TOOLS WERE DEVELOPED FOR INSTALLING THE STRAIN CELLS AT THE END OF THE BORE HOLES. /RRL/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 15 Aug 2004 01:47:31 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/118117</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DRILLED-IN PILINGS WITH TIEBACKS REMEDY LAND SLIDE TROUBLE ON WEST VIRGINIA HIGHWAY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/60245</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The stabilizing and upgrading of an older highway benched into an unstable slidding hillside is described.  The solution involved drilling 24 in. diameter holes, 100 ft. deep in hard rock and using drilled in pilings tied back into the hill with post-tersioned rods and cables.  600 drilled-in pilings were installed along the outer edge of the highway bench.  Large 14-in. steel H-beam reinforcements were positioned in each 24 in. diameter hole and other grouting and filing with concrete to grade, pilings were tied  back to the hillside.  Using a large downhill drill, the construction team average six to seven completed 24 in. diameter piling holes daily, at a rock penetration rate of 20-ft. per hour.  The drilling project was completed in two stages.  The first shift, using an auger drill, drillled through the upper layers of weathered, fractured, and broken rock and soil.  When they hit the hard rock, the second shift came in.  A big hammer drill equipped with a 150 ft-long boom and a rotary drill unit provided the necessary torque for drill rotation at approximately 12-15 rpm.  A calyx basket was installed above the drill to catch the cuttings blown up the hole by the drill's exhaust air.  The basket required dumping after successive drill penetrations of 3 ft.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 18 May 2002 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/60245</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ELECTRO DRILL PROVIDES ALTERNATIVE DRILLING SYSTEM</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/475723</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Electro drilling should be considered as a commercial drilling alternative to rotary, turbo, and positive-displacement motor systems. Twelve million meters of electro drilling has proven its potential for drilling deep, directional, horizontal,and multilateral wells. The electro-drilling system has been effectively applied in complicated geological conditions and in old reservoirs where weighted mud or different mud mixtures (gas, foam) are used. The greatest progress is expected for re-entry drilling, including laterals from the parent borehole that are cased out-of-operation, marginal wells, and offshore drilling.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Feb 1998 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/475723</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SONIC-WHILE-DRILLING TOOL DETECTS OVERPRESSURED FORMATIONS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/576279</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Real-time detection and estimation of overpressured formations is now possible using sonic and other logging-while-drilling (LWD) measurements. Data acquired from an overpressured formation in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) are used to demonstrate this capability. The detection and evaluation of overpressured formations are critical for the exploration and production of hydrocarbon reservoirs. Formation pressures can induce water influx from adjacent overpressured shales and provide an additional driving mechanism for hydrocarbon production.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 25 Aug 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/576279</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>PROPER DRILLING, DISPLACING CRITICAL FOR OPEN HOLE COMPLETIONS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/576211</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Proper drilling and displacing of an open hole completion may make the difference between a well that will produce at the reservoir capacity or one that is completion limited as a consequence of a dirty, unstable hole. Horizontal open hole completions require drilling the open section with fluids that deposit thin filter cakes that exhibit excellent return permeability after the well starts producing. Displacement of the drill-in fluid with brine by reverse circulating at high annular velocities prior to running the completion equipment provides the best chance for an undamaged well. These procedures have been successful in many wells, particularly horizontal gravel packs. This first in a series of three articles on the design and procedures for horizontal open hole completions covers drilling and displacing the open hole.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 07 Aug 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/576211</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ULTRADEEP DRILLSHIP WILL REACT TO HEAVE WITH ELECTRIC-COMPENSATING DRAWWORKS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/576210</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Conoco Incorporated and Reading & Bates Corporation are developing a new ultra-deepwater drillship which will utilize an innovative electric, active-heave compensating drawworks to counterbalance vessel heave. Vertical motion will be counteracted by spooling wire either off or back onto the drawworks drum. For instance, if the ship heaves upward 3 feet, then 42 feet of wire will be reeled off the drum using a 14 line block-and-tackle configuration.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 07 Aug 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/576210</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SAVINGS EYED FROM LOAD TEST</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/481205</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Hoping to push the envelope on design, bridge engineers in Florida have measured what they believe is a record test load applied to a drilled shaft pile.  A testing firm in Gainesville, Florida recorded recently a 9 ft-dia, 127 ft long reinforced concrete test pile had successfully withstood a 12,000 ton load. The tests were performed using a relatively new device called the Osterberg Cell which is an hydraulic piston installed on the base of a pile reinforcement cage before it is lowered into a drilled shaft.  The idea is to ultimately be able to work with shorter shafts and thereby create considerable savings.  Some consider the test flawed because loading is from the bottom up versus the top down.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 19 Mar 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/481205</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>MODEL PREDICTS DRILL PIPE FATIGUE IN HORIZONTAL WELLS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/470918</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This article presents a basic drill pipe fatigue analysis and a computer program developed to predict drill pipe fatigue damage by considering well bore curvature, axial compressive load, drill pipe weight, and drill pipe body contact with the well bore. It is applicable to the current operations of rotary drilling of intermediate and short radius horizontal wells where the drill pipe is rotated in the build section under axial compressive loading.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 25 Feb 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/470918</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DRILLSTRING SUB CUTS TORQUE AND CASING WEAR</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/468245</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A new downhole tool, which is inserted throughout the drillstring, minimizes torque losses and reduces casing wear in extended reach drilling.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 01 Nov 1996 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/468245</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SEMI DESIGNED FOR CONVERSION TO DRILLING/PRODUCTION UNIT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/464211</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Converting a second generation semisubmersible into a drilling and production vessel can economically offer more operational flexibility and deck loading area. One such conversion design is for the Ocean Legend, which uses the Ocean Victory class semisubmersible as a building block for developing a floating platform capable of carrying more than 12,000 long tons of variable deck load and operating in up to 10,000 ft of water.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Sep 1996 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/464211</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>EXPANDABLE TUBE IS NOVEL TOOL FOR DIFFICULT COMPLETIONS, DRILLING</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/462097</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A novel expandable slotted tube (EST), recently field tested, offers substantial technical and financial benefits for both drilling and completion operations. The EST has been field-proven for two distinctly separate applications. During drilling operations, the EST, combined with fiber-cement, can maintain hole diameter while eliminating the need for running intermediate casing across troublesome zones. In well completions, the EST can expand a screen against perforated casing to provide effective sand control without gravel packing.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 27 Jun 1996 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/462097</guid>
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