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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
    <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=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" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
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    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
      <url>https://trid.trb.org/Images/PageHeader-wTitle.jpg</url>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>Data-driven surface reconstruction for assessing welding-induced distortions in ship-deck panels</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2630590</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Increasingly stringent regulations on greenhouse gas emissions have sparked interest in lightweight, thin-walled deck panels for cruise ship superstructures. Throughout the ship assembly, irregular welding-induced distortions accumulate on thin plates, affecting their load-carrying capacity significantly. Due to complex geometries, the assessment of distorted thin-walled panel units relies on accurate finite element modeling based on high-density optical scanning measurements, provided as unorganized point clouds (PC). This poses challenges in terms of processing of the data for surface reconstruction and data storage. This paper presents a computationally efficient, iterative B-spline surface fitting procedure for surface reconstruction from an unorganized 3D PC for the finite element analysis of distorted thin-deck panels. The method achieves a minimum geometric reconstruction accuracy of 0.08 mm and structural strain predictions mostly within 89% accuracy, validated against uni-axial monotonic tensile experiments on full-scale panels. Additionally, the proposed procedure reduces the file size to less than 1% of the original, thus representing a valuable solution for the handling of large sets of data from the scanning of multiple decks in ship superstructures. These results highlight the method’s potential for improving the assessment and quality control of thin-walled ship superstructures.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 09 Feb 2026 08:43:03 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2630590</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Mechanism analysis of welding distortion and residual stress induced by repair welding in thin-walled pipes</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2627203</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Girth-welded thin-walled pipes are widely used in offshore and subsea pipeline systems for transporting oil, gas, and water. Repair welding is frequently employed to restore structural integrity after damage, but it can significantly alter residual stress and distortion, especially in thin-walled structures. This study investigated the influence of different repair lengths on the residual stress and welding distortion in girth-welded 304 stainless steel pipes with a 2 mm wall thickness. Residual stresses and welding distortions were measured using an X-ray diffraction (XRD) device and a 3D scanner, respectively. A series of three-dimensional thermo-elastic-plastic finite element models were developed to simulate the residual stress and distortion under different repair lengths. To further understand the distortion mechanism, the inherent strain method was employed to analyze the contributions of each inherent strain component. The results show that short repair welds cause localized tensile stress and radial inward deformation confined to the repair region. Longer repair welds produce stress states closer to the original as-welded condition but introduce more pronounced bending and roundness deformation. These findings offer guidance for optimizing repair welding procedures in thin-walled marine pipelines and support structural integrity assessments in offshore engineering applications.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 29 Jan 2026 17:01:37 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2627203</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Deep learning-based motion magnification and frames matching for structural displacement measurement using computer vision</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2627484</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Compared with traditional contact and non-contact sensors used for acquiring vibration displacement responses, fixed cameras with the assistance of computer vision (CV) technology, offer lower costs and a greater flexibility in structural health monitoring (SHM). However, capturing subtle structural vibrations remains challenging due to low motion visibility and visual degradation caused by low illumination, weak textures, and image noise. To overcome this challenge, this paper proposes a vision-based structural displacement monitoring approach comprising three main steps, namely, camera calibration, subtle motion magnification, and frames matching for estimating displacement. The state-of-the-art deep learning-based motion magnification method (EulerMormer) is employed to improve the visibility of these subtle vibrations and exhibit fewer artifacts and distortions without prior knowledge of the target structure. A hybrid frames matching method termed Phase-ECC is designed, integrating phase correlation and enhanced correlation coefficient (ECC) to robustly estimate sub-pixel inter-frame translations across a wide range of vibration magnitudes. The proposed approach is validated through a rigid beam under controlled excitations, a cantilever beam excited by a shaker, and a vehicle-bridge interaction scenario under both normal and low-light conditions. The results demonstrate that the applied EulerMormer offers a significant advancement in minimizing distortion and artifacts, especially under large amplification factors or large-magnitude vibrations compared to other existing methods. The proposed approach accurately measures micro structural displacements, outperforming traditional vision-based techniques in terms of tracking accuracy, noise robustness, and low-light performance.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 09 Jan 2026 08:44:25 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2627484</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>An Analytical Method to Predict Thermal Distortion of a Brake Rotor</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1787405</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The severe thermal distortion of a brake rotor can affect important brake system characteristics such as the system response and brake judder propensity. This paper will propose a technique to determine the thermal distortion under transient or steady state conditions. The technique involves utilizing a PC-based computer program to calculate the necessary thermal parameters and apply the results as input to a finite element-based thermal stress analysis. This unique approach provides a reliable methodology to determine the heat input and cooling characteristics of a given brake system in addition to resultant distortion and stress components within the brake rotor. Analysis results are also compared to measured temperature and distortion data.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 23 Dec 2024 10:40:41 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1787405</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Y-Shape Bridge Analysis Based on Space Grillage Method</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2283162</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The complicated mechanical behavior of the Y-shape Bridge is studied based on the theory of the elementary beam, and takes account of restrained torsion, distortion angle, distortion warp and shear lag effect at the same time. A thin-walled beam element with 10 freedom degrees of every node is established by increasing freed degree. Meanwhile, the authors establish an analytic program and matrix of the element stiffness, and analyze a typical Y-shape Bridge according to method of the space grillage analysis. In addition, this paper compares calculation results of the general girder and the shell model with experiment test.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Oct 2024 17:02:03 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2283162</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Temperature Effects in Match-cast segmental Bridge Construction</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2382079</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Precast segmental bridge construction has provided a versatile, efficient, and cost-effective method for constructing bridges. Bowing distortion issues can however occur during segment fabrication, causing segments to have slightly different lengths in the center than outside edges. This occurs when the match-cast segment bows as a result of the heating of the face in contact with the hydrating concrete of the newly cast segment. A simulation matrix of 157 member geometry, materials, and construction factor combinations that explored the variables believed to be the most influential on bowing distortion was developed. The ability of the finite element software used for modeling, b4cast (ConTech Analysis ApS), the finite element software used for modeling in this project, to predict temperatures of hydrating concrete members was confirmed by comparison with a concrete physical model instrumented for temperature. The ability of an analytical expression to predict the bowing distortion of the concrete members studied from the thermal gradient developed in the match-cast segment was confirmed; however, the utility of this method is limited because it requires the temperature development to be known. A decision tree was developed to classify risk of bowing distortion in the construction process. A regression model was also developed that relates the member geometry, materials, and construction variables to the bowing distortion calculated. Analysis of the simulation results showed that segments with a width-to-length ratio lower than six had a low risk of excessive bowing distortion. They also showed that use of low heat of hydration mixes and low coefficient of thermal expansion aggregates can reduce the bowing distortion generated in the match-cast segments. Recommendations on methods to mitigate bowing distortion in match-cast segmental construction are given.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 28 May 2024 10:45:16 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2382079</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Research on distortion in boring process of large-size main bearing holes in marine diesel engine body</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2373967</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Machining-induced residual stress (MIRS) in thin-walled components affects their machining accuracy, especially for large-size thin-walled components. This study focuses on the bodies of marine diesel engines, exploring the distribution of MIRS and distortion caused by the gravity-coupled machining residual stress during the boring process of the main bearing hole. The research obtained the distribution of MIRS and the machining distortion based on the finite element method and the mapping method. It examined the influence rules of various parameters, such as the cutting speed, feed, and depth of cut, on MIRS and machining distortion. The study shows that cutting speed, feed, and depth of cut are vital factors affecting MIRS and machining distortion. For the machining distortion of large-size and thin-walled components, their own weight is an essential factor that cannot be ignored. By optimizing the wall thickness, the distortion range can be effectively controlled, supporting the lightweight design of the structure.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 May 2024 09:40:14 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2373967</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Effects of Antisymmetric Load Component on Collapse of Concrete Box-Girder Bridges</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2362051</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Space truss analogy and collapse mechanisms are the theoretical methods which are available at present to predict the collapse loads of single-cell concrete box-girder bridges. It is observed that of the two formulations, the one based on a collapse mechanism is found to be more versatile and better suited to box sections. The eccentric load acting on the top flange of a box girder may be resolved to symmetric and antisymmetric components. The antisymmetric component may again be resolved as torsion component and distortion component. However, no researcher has extended this concept to determine an equation for the estimation of collapse load. The present study proposes a theory for calculating the collapse load of single-cell concrete box-girder bridges considering pure torsion and distortion mechanisms. The box girder is treated as a folded plate structure subjected to the vertical and horizontal components of the load in the plane of each plate. It is assumed that plastic hinges are developed at the four corners of the box girder for distortion mechanism and the cross section causes pure twisting without distortion for torsion mechanism. The proposed pure torsion and distortion mechanisms are incorporated in the existing collapse mechanism method and the modified method is validated with the experimental results available in the literature.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 18 Apr 2024 17:08:05 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2362051</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Surround-View Fisheye BEV-Perception for Valet Parking: Dataset, Baseline and Distortion-Insensitive Multi-Task Framework</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2186690</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Surround-view fisheye perception under valet parking scenes is fundamental and crucial in autonomous driving. Environmental conditions in parking lots perform differently from the common public datasets, such as the imperfect light and opacity, which substantially impacts on perception performance. Most existing networks based on public datasets may generalize suboptimal results on these valet parking scenes, also affected by the fisheye distortion. In this article, the authors introduce a new large-scale fisheye dataset called Fisheye Parking Dataset (FPD) to promote the research in dealing with diverse real-world surround-view parking cases. Notably, the authors' compiled FPD exhibits excellent characteristics for different surround-view perception tasks. In addition, the authors also propose their real-time distortion-insensitive multi-task framework Fisheye Perception Network (FPNet), which improves the surround-view fisheye BEV perception by enhancing the fisheye distortion operation and multi-task lightweight designs. Extensive experiments validate the effectiveness of their approach and the dataset's exceptional generalizability.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 20 Nov 2023 09:12:23 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2186690</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Refined beam finite element model for thin-walled multi-cell box girders considering distortion and secondary distortional moment deformation effect</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2274758</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In this paper, a novel one-dimensional refined beam finite element model (FEM) accounting for non-uniform distortional warping and secondary distortional moment deformation effect (SDMDE) is formulated for the distortional analysis of thin-walled multi-cell box girders with cantilevered flanges. The extra distortional angle is introduced to incorporate SDMDE, and the validity of which is proved through rigorous theoretical derivation. The in-plane and out-plane deformations at any point around the edge of transverse section built upon the distortional center are unified in the same form and described in detail. The governing differential equations in terms of two generalized displacements, distortional angle χ and primary distortional angle curvature Θ, are derived based on the principle of minimum potential energy (MPE) and solved exactly so as to provide non-polynomial shape functions for the establishment of element stiffness matrix and nodal load vector. A series of multi-cell rectangular hollow section (RHS) girders are analyzed and particular extensions are given to single-cell and multi-cell bridge girders with cantilevered flanges. Comparisons to the results generated from corresponding ones provided by pioneering work or shell FEM analyses not only validate the correctness and reliability of the present beam element formulations but also highlight the significance of the inclusion of SDMDE when the cantilevered flanges are arranged.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 20 Nov 2023 09:10:30 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2274758</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Distortions in Large Aluminum Forgings: Current Situation and Simulation Challenges</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1975599</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Distortions after machining of large aluminum forgings are a recurrent problem for the aeronautical industry. These deviations from design geometry are caused by the presence of residual stresses, which are developed along the manufacturing chain. To solve this problem, a series of post-machining operations called reshaping are required. Despite reshaping manages to restore the correct geometry, it is highly manual and time-consuming, therefore, there is a need at an industrial level to use numerical simulation to study reshaping. The present document describes the problem of distortion, the operations required to mitigate these geometrical defects and the challenges associated to simulate reshaping.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 11 Sep 2023 11:39:32 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1975599</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Compensation model for truncated ogive projectiles penetrating ship stiffened plates made from different materials</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2231107</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper establishes a new similarity method for the problem of truncated ogive projectiles penetrating ship plates. This method can consider plates made of different materials and summarizes the relationship between material strength and target plate thickness through an energy-based formulation and dimensional analysis. Using the finite element software DYNA, multiple sets of numerical simulations are carried out, and the power parameter of the target plate thickness is determined. Subsequently, the scope of the penetration problem is extended to the stiffened plate structure of a ship. When a stiffener is considered, the change in the attitude angle of the projectile is very important. The deflection of the projectile may lead to incomplete penetration of the target plate, or even cause the projectile to ricochet. The prototype response can be accurately predicted by compensating all structural dimensions of the stiffened plate according to the plate thickness correction parameters. On this basis, adjusting the ventral plate thickness of the stiffener effectively changes the trend in the attitude angle of the projectile. The errors in the residual velocity and attitude angle of the projectile are guaranteed to be within a reasonable range.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 23 Aug 2023 15:50:08 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2231107</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Distortion analysis of horizontally curved trapezoidal box girder bridges</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2122780</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Composite box girder bridges may be a competitive solution under certain constraints due to their efficiency and torsional capacity. However, the cross section deflects transversally, creating longitudinal stresses which reduce the capacity of the section. Those stresses may be controlled using cross-frames, but the detailing of those elements may become expensive. The procedure described herein provides a useful tool for an efficient design of cross frames based on the well-known BEF theory. It may be implemented using a commercial software and the formulation provided increases the accuracy of the existing one.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 28 Mar 2023 09:56:55 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2122780</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Determination of equivalent axle load factors with the use of strain energy of distortion</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2096616</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The paper proposes a new method for calculation of equivalent axle load factors based on the analysis of strain energy of distortion induced in road pavements by traffic loads. The main advantage of the method is the more accurate calculation of the effects of multiple axles and super single versus dual tyres. The methodconsiders the location of critical points, at which strain energy of distortion reaches extreme values. When single axles are considered, the function of equivalent axle load factor takes on the form of the well-known power equation with the exponent ranging from 2.7 to 5.3. It was proved that the damaging effect of triple axles on asphalt pavement is several times higher than the damaging effect of three single axles carrying the same load, but at a greater distance to each other. Due to this fact, traffic load may be significantly underestimated in many pavement design methods.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 28 Feb 2023 09:19:20 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2096616</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Welding distortion prediction and mitigation in thick steel plate structures on ships</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2077793</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In the ship fabrication process, welding distortion will affect the dimension accuracy. In this paper, an industrialisation prediction method for thick steel plate structures on ships is proposed based on a combination of thermal-elastic-plastic finite element method and inherent deformation theory to reduce the welding distortion in the design stage, and its applicability is verified through a comparison of measurements in the shipyard and numerical simulations. The thick plate models produced by multi-pass welding technology are selected to analyse the welding distortion. The results show that the numerical prediction results are in good agreement with the measurement on site. The transverse bending distortion is the main factor that affects the fabrication accuracy. To mitigate welding distortion, the influence of welding sequence and flame heating is examined. This research may provide a macro concept for understanding the distribution characteristics of welding distortion and serve as a mitigation reference for manufacturing engineers.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 25 Jan 2023 09:23:24 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2077793</guid>
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