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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <item>
      <title>Erfassung der Lichteinschaltquoten bei Tag von Kraftfahrzeugen in Deutschland (Erhebung 2021/2022)</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2397863</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Seit dem 1. Oktober 2005 wird das Fahren mit Licht am Tag (Abblendlicht oder spezielle Tagfahrleuchten) vom Bundesverkehrsministerium für alle Kraftfahrzeuge empfohlen. Seit der ersten Erfassung der Lichteinschaltquoten am Tag in 2007/2008 soll in regelmäßigen Abständen überprüft werden, inwieweit diese Empfehlung seitens der Kraftfahrer befolgt wird. Ziel des Projektes ist die Fortführung der Erhebung der Lichteinschaltquoten auf Basis des Erhebungskonzepts, das im Rahmen eines Forschungsprojekts entwickelt wurde. Seit 2007/2008 wurde im zweijährlichen Rhythmus die Erhebung der Lichteinschaltquoten durchgeführt. Das Projekt liefert eine wichtige Entscheidungsgrundlage für eine mögliche Einführung einer Lichtpflicht bei Tageslicht in Deutschland. ABSTRACT IN ENGLISH: Since 1 October 2005, driving with lights on during the day (dipped headlights or special daytime running lights) has been recommended by the Federal Ministry of Transport for all motor vehicles. Since the first survey of light switch-on rates during the day in 2007/2008, the extent to which this recommendation is followed by motorists is to be checked at regular intervals. The aim of the project is to continue the survey of light switch-on rates on the basis of the survey concept that was developed as part of a research project. Since 2007/2008, the survey of light switch-on rates has been carried out every two years. The project provides an important basis for decisions on the possible introduction of mandatory daylight lighting in Germany.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 09 Jul 2024 10:36:02 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2397863</guid>
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      <title>Erfassung der Lichteinschaltquoten am Tag von Kraftfahrzeugen in Deutschland 2019/2020 </title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1646739</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Seit dem 1. Oktober 2005 wird das Fahren mit Licht am Tag vom Bundesverkehrsministerium empfohlen. Nach einem EU-Beschluss müssen seit Februar 2011 alle neuen Fahrzeugtypen mit EG Typgenehmigung mit speziellen Tagfahrleuchten ausgestattet werden. Seit Sommer 2012 gilt dies auch für Lkw und Busse. Alle 2 Jahre werden die Lichteinschaltquoten in Deutschland ermittelt. Das Projekt liefert damit eine wichtige Entscheidungsgrundlage für eine mögliche Einführung einer Lichtpflicht bei Tageslicht in Deutschland. ABSTRACT IN ENGLISH: Since 1 October 2005, driving with lights on during the day has been recommended by the Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure. According to an EU decision all new vehicle types with EC type approval must be equipped with special daytime running lights since February 2011. Since the summer 2012 this has also applied to trucks and buses. Every two years since 2007/2008, the BASt has been recording the number of vehicles driving with their lights on during the day. This project aims to continue these recordings.The project thus provides an important decision-making basis for a possible introduction of compulsory daylight lighting in Germany.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 28 Aug 2019 03:08:14 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1646739</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Erfassung der Lichteinschaltquoten bei Tag von Kraftfahrzeugen in Deutschland 2017/2018</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1508200</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Seit dem Oktober 2005 wird das Fahren mit Licht am Tag vom Bundesverkehrsministerium empfohlen. Als Auswirkung der europaeischen Richtlinie 2008/89/EG muessen seit Februar 2011 alle neuen Fahrzeugtypen der Klassen M1 und N1 mit speziellen Tagfahrleuchten ausgestattet werden. Seit Sommer 2012 gilt dies auch fuer die neuen Fahrzeugtypen aller uebrigen Klassen. Seit 2007/2008 erhebt die BASt im zweijaehrigen Rhythmus die Lichteinschaltquoten. Ziel des Projekts ist die Fortfuehrung dieser Erhebungen. Es wird davon ausgegangen, dass sich einerseits Verhaltensaenderungen bei Kraftfahrern, aber insbesondere auch die oben genannte verpflichtende Ausstattung von Neufahrzeugen mit Tagfahrleuchten auf den Anteil der bei Tag mit Licht fahrenden Kraftfahrzeuge auswirken. Zur Bewertung der Sicherheitsgewinne durch Tagfahrlicht ist eine kontinuierliche Erfassung der Lichteinschaltquoten erforderlich. Darueber hinaus stellt sich die Frage, ab welcher Quote der Anteil der Fahrzeuge ohne Licht moeglicherweise einen Grenzwert erreicht, ab dem eine Verpflichtung zum Tagfahrlicht aus Gruenden der Verkehrssicherheit erwogen werden muss. Auch dafuer ist ein kontinuierliches Monitoring der Lichteinschaltquoten erforderlich. ABSTRACT IN ENGLISH: Since October 2005, the Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure has recommended driving with lights on during the day. One consequence of European directive 2008/89/EG is that since February 2011 all new category M1 and N1 vehicles have had to be equipped with special daytime running lights. Since the summer 2012 this has also been the case for new vehicles in all other classes. Every two years since 2007/2008, the BASt has been recording the number of vehicles driving with their lights on during the day. This project aims to continue these recordings. The project assumes that the number of vehicles driving with their lights on during daylight hours will have been influenced by driver behaviour and especially by the above-mentioned statutory requirement to equip new vehicles with daytime running lights. In order to be able to assess the safety improvements resulting from the use of daytime running lights, it is necessary to conduct ongoing recordings of the number of vehicles driving with their lights on during the day. In addition, it is necessary to establish the point at which the number of cars driving without their lights on reaches a threshold at which it would make sense to oblige drivers to drive with their lights on for reasons of road traffic safety. This also requires the ongoing monitoring of vehicles driving with their lights on during the day. ]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 22 May 2018 03:59:52 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1508200</guid>
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      <title>Erfassung der Lichteinschaltquoten am Tag von Kraftfahrzeugen in Deutschland 2015/2016 </title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1417051</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Seit dem 1. Oktober 2005 wird das Fahren mit Licht am Tag vom Bundesverkehrsministerium empfohlen. Nach einem EU-Beschluss muessen seit Februar 2011 alle neuen Fahrzeugtypen mit speziellen Tagfahrleuchten ausgestattet werden. Seit Sommer 2012 gilt dies auch fuer Lkw und Busse. Bereits davor wurden solche Tagfahrleuchten in einigen Modellen serienmaessig oder optional verbaut oder als Nachruestausstattung angeboten. Ueber den Anteil von Fahrzeugen mit speziellen Tagfahrleuchten an allen Fahrzeugen mit Tagfahrlicht liegen bislang keine Informationen vor. ABSTRACT IN ENGLISH: Since October 1st 2005, the Federal Ministry of Transport has recommended driving during the daytime with vehicle headlights turned on. Following a decision by the EU, all new vehicle types from February 2011 onwards must be fitted with dedicated daytime running lights. Since 2012, this has also applied to lorries and buses. Even prior to these decisions, some models were fitted with dedicated daytime running lights as standard or optional features, or as an upgrade. To date, no information has been available on the number of vehicles with dedicated daytime running lights as a proportion of all vehicles with daytime running lights. The proportion of vehicles on the road in Germany with their lights on in the daytime will be recorded regularly every two years. The aim of the project is therefore to ensure that the survey remains ongoing. In addition, the existing concept for measuring the proportion of vehicles on the road in Germany with their lights on in the daytime will be reviewed and modified as necessary. ]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 25 Jul 2016 06:15:02 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1417051</guid>
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      <title>Introductory remarks to session s4, traffic engineering - road lighting and control</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1209824</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper briefly analyses the following papers: control of disability glare from street lighting lanterns (fisher=aj; hall=rr and halfacree=rs); road user reaction to the town driving headlight beam (fisher=aj and hall=rr); area control of traffic signals in glasgow (holroyd=j and hillier=ja); the use of a digital computer for traffic control at surfers paradise, Queensland (leitch=k; dent=dm and wratten=bm).]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 24 Aug 2012 23:57:08 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1209824</guid>
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      <title>The interaction between fixed lighting and vehicle headlights: letter to the editor relative to a paper by hj turner</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1209522</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 24 Aug 2012 23:49:26 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1209522</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>The interaction between fixed lighting and vehicle headlights</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1209521</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Probable levels of contrast in both silhouette and reverse silhouette of objects on a road as seen by drivers are calculated.  These are assessed in terms of necessary values of object reflection factor so that contrast would be high enough for the driver's attention to be drawn to the object. The conditions studied are those likely on a suburban traffic route with fixed lighting to the standard of the current Australian code of practice for street lighting.  Account is taken of the probable range of values of road pavement luminance, of object illumination due to fixed lighting and headlights, and of disability glare due to lanterns and the lights of a stream of oncoming vehicles.  It is shown that the use of headlights may be disadvantageous in these circumstances but that the direct illumination effects of the lanterns in a fixed lighting installation should be further studied.  Better control of the aim and maintenance of vehicle headlights is discussed, together with the possibility of use of the 'high' beam on suburban traffic routes not lighted to Australian code standards.  Several investigations related to these matters are proposed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 24 Aug 2012 23:49:25 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1209521</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Visibility of objects against dark backgrounds with street and vehicle lighting</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1209380</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photometric data obtained in streets lighted to the standards association of Australia street lighting code, as ca 19, part 1, traffic routes, 1964, are reported.  Using the concept of revealing power it is shown that the visibility of pedestrian like objects viewed against the road surrounds can be poor.  The use of the American British low beam can only enhance this poor seeing in a limited range of situations and will generally adversely effect the visibility potential throughout a whole street lighting installation.  It is suggested that headlight practice be modified to reduce glare from that source, and that street lighting practice be modified to enhance visibility in streets with intrinsically dark surrounds.  The concept of multi level lighting is introduced to replace the single minimum level of the SAA code (A).]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 24 Aug 2012 23:45:44 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1209380</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The Birmingham dipped headlights campaign 1962 to 1963</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1209187</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A campaign to encourage drivers to use dipped headlights instead of sidelights only, on all roads at night, was carried out in Birmingham from October 29th, 1962, to March 30th, 1963, inclusive.  Accident statistics for the first four months of the campaign were analysed by the Road Research Laboratory, and compared with those for the corresponding period in the previous year and with similar statistics for three 'control' towns. It was concluded that the decrease in accidents at night during the campaign was not necessarily due to the increased use of dipped headlights, since a similar decrease occurred in daylight, and there were other contributory factors, eg, abnormally severe weather conditions and police radar speedmeter checks. There was evidence that accidents at night during the campaign on roads with poor street lighting were fewer than expected (A).]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 24 Aug 2012 23:40:32 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1209187</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Introductory remarks to Session P, Human Factors I</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1209169</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This presents a brief analysis of the following papers: the Birmingham dipped headlights campaign 1962 to 1963 (newby=rf); skidding on wet pavements: the drainage characteristics of various surfaces (wallace=kb and trollope=dh); a study of road friction in New South Wales (west=nw and ross=tf); following distances, braking capacity, and the probability of danger of collision between vehicles (harris=aj).]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 24 Aug 2012 23:40:05 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1209169</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The visibility of LPG and petrol tankers</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1198310</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Shell Company of Australia Ltd requested that ARRB undertake an evaluation of the night time side on visibility of LPG Tankers with a view to suggesting improvements and to assess those improvements.  The visibility enhancements suggested were patterns of retroreflective striping along the tank and by the gas valves.  The visibility of the treatments was assessed using a visibility meter consisting of a graded scattering plate. Shell also requested that ARRB investigate the visibility of petrol tankers which are predominantly unpainted metal.  There was concern that the petrol tankers were hard to see in dusk/ dawn periods.  The visibility of the petrol tanker was evaluated throughout the dusk period and found to decrease markedly.  It was suggested that a high visibility paint be used to alleviate the problem together with the use of dimmed headlights during visually difficult conditions.  The report recommends that a pattern of retroreflective striping be used to improve the night time visibility of LPG Tankers, and that petrol tankers be painted a yellow colour (in the region 3.5Y 8/14, 5Y 9/14) to improve their daytime visibility (A).]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 24 Aug 2012 15:59:50 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1198310</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Photometric evaluation of headlights, part 1: e marked headlights fitted with standard test lamps</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1187048</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 24 Aug 2012 06:59:50 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1187048</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Photometric evaluation of headlights, part 2: "e" marked headlights fitted with "e" marked lamps</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1186130</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 24 Aug 2012 06:12:21 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1186130</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Some further data relating to the dipped headlight campaigns in Birmingham and other towns</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1179067</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 24 Aug 2012 02:10:45 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1179067</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The effects of different systems of vehicle lighting on a driver's ability to see dark objects in well lit streets</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1179008</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 24 Aug 2012 02:09:41 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1179008</guid>
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