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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <title>REMOTE SENSING OF ALLUVIAL TERRAIN IN A HUMID, TECTONICALLY ACTIVE SETTING: THE NEW MADRID SEISMIC ZONE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/364601</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The first large-scale feature discovered in the New Madrid seismic zone that may be the surface expression of a seismogenic fault of the great New Madrid earthquakes of 1811-1812 is revealed by Landsat MSS imagery, SPOT XS digital data, and aerial photography. This feature, that the authors have named the Boot-heel lineament, trends at least 80 km in a north-northeast direction through northeastern Arkansas and southeastern Missouri. Other relatively short, northeast- and northwest-trending lineaments were located in Holocene alluvium in north-western Tennessee. Some of these lineaments may correlate with previously published reports of subsurface faults. A west-facing scarp identified on the SPOT image in the southern part of Reelfoot Lake may represent a normal fault scarp that forms a graben structure with the Reelfoot scarp. It was also revealed that, in addition to vegetative cover, soil moisture conditions strongly influence the contrast between differing soil types of the upper Mississippi embayment in the visible and near infrared spectral region.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Sep 2004 22:32:06 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/364601</guid>
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      <title>DESKTOP SCANNING FOR CARTOGRAPHIC DIGITIZATION AND SPATIAL ANALYSIS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/359955</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Digitizing source materials for use in cartography, remote sensing, and Geographic Information Systems is tedious and expensive. An alternative to the labor-intensive manual digitizing table is the raster scanner and associated raster to vector conversion software. This paper evaluates the desktop scanner as a means for data entry in cartographic, remote sensing, and Geographic Information System applications.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 30 Nov 2003 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/359955</guid>
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      <title>ANALYZING REMOTE SENSING GEOBOTANICAL TRENDS IN QUETICO PROVINCIAL PARK, ONTARIO, CANADA, USING DIGITAL ELEVATION DATA</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/359977</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Field geological mapping of a 10- by 13-km area in Quetico Provincial Park, Ontario, Canada, depicts a broad central band of metamorphosed mafic and occasional ultramafic lithologies, surrounded by granites and granodiorites. To investigate subtle site influences on vegetation, topographic information was analyzed using a digital terrain model. The elevation data were filtered to separate ridge tops and other flat, dry areas from flat moist sites. Landsta Thematic Mapper (TM) data were classified into six forest classes of varying deciduous-coniferous cover using nPDF, a procedure based on probability density functions. The distribution of cover classes on each of the two lithologies shows that forests growing on mafic lithologies are enriched in deciduous species, compared to those growing on granites. Of the forest classes found on mafics, the highest coniferous component was on north facing slopes, and the highest deciduous component on south facing slopes. By contrast, granites showed no appreciable variation between site classes. Digital elevation derived site data is found to be an important tool in geobotanical investigations in Quetico Provincial Park.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 30 Nov 2003 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/359977</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>STEREO ELEVATION DETERMINATION TECHNIQUES FOR SPOT IMAGERY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/359384</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Techniques used to extract accurate elevation information from stereo SPOT satellite images are described and compared. Feature- and area-based stereo image matching models and a hybrid model are implemented and tested with SPOT imagery. The feature-based model uses a relaxation labeling approach in a top-down structure to find feature disparities. The area-based model uses a top-down approach to correlate a grid of image patches. The hybrid model uses feature matches to guide area-based matching. Match point disparities found by the models are converted to elevations and interpolated to form a complete digital elevation model (DEM). A quantitative evaluation of the DEMs is used to compare the performance of the three methods.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 30 Sep 2003 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/359384</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>MAPHYD - A DIGITAL MAP-BASED HYDROLOGIC MODELING SYSTEM</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/296129</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A digital map-based hydrologic modeling system, called MAPHYD, has been developed and applied to urban watersheds. MAPHYD incorporates automatic generation of model input data using geographic information system functions and a suite of hydrologic modeling algorithms into a user-friendly PC workstation.  Interactive computer graphics techniques were used to quickly develop a watershed digital database on topography, soils, landuse, and rainfall distribution.  The spatial distribution of the data are mapped as color codes which can be interpreted by the linked hydrologic  response algorithms.  Digital terrain modeling was accomplished to obtain slope and the direction of slope for a user-selectable grid cell resolution.  Rainfall patterns were defined using radar rainfall images.  Computations of runoff were based on unit hydrograph, time-area, or cascade-of-reservoirs algoritms, and various infiltration mechanisms were provided.  Alternate output displays include the runoff hydrograph and the spatial distribution of runoff using an interval color scale.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 30 Jun 2003 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/296129</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>RECTIFICATION OF DIGITAL IMAGERY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/364978</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Different methods can be applied to generate digital orthophotos. Three commonly used approaches are analyzed and compared in this paper. They can be applied to rectify both digitized aerial photographs and satellite scenes. These methods are polynomial, projective, and differential rectifications. The first two are defined by analytical transformations between image and orthophoto without considering the geometry and orientation of the camera. They are approximate solutions. The last one models the physical reality of the imaging process by means of the collinearity equations and corrects for relief displacements. All three methods were implemented on a workstation and were tested with digitized aerial photographs and video images. By overlaying GIS data over the digital orthophoto, the quality of the rectification is checked. To determine the planimetric accuracy of the results, the coordinates of targets were measured in a digital orthophoto and compared to known map coordinates.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 31 Mar 2003 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/364978</guid>
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      <title>IMPLEMENTATION OF SOFTCOPY PHOTOGRAMMETRIC WORKSTATIONS AT THE U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/364168</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The U.S. Geological Survey has provided the Nation with primary quadrangle maps and map products for the last 50 years. The Survey recently completed initial coverage of the conterminous U.S. and Hawaii at 1:24,000 scale. Effort is underway to build a National Digital Cartographic Data Base (NDCDB) composed of the digital representation of these and other map series. In addition, the Survey plans to meet the demand for more current and complete data through the development and promotion of spatial data standards in cooperation with other Federal, State, local, and private organizations. Plans for a digital revision program call for the extensive use of softcopy monoscopic workstations to serve as the mechanism for revising the planimetric digital data layers.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 31 Jan 2003 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/364168</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>CONSIDERATIONS IN THE DESIGN OF A SYSTEM FOR THE RAPID ACQUISITION OF GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/364172</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In response to a need for a capability for more timely creation and revision of digital topographic map data, MacDonald Dettwiler, in cooperation with the Canada Centre for Mapping, has undertaken the development of a Topographic Data Base Revision System (TDBRS). The objective of the system is to create and update digital topographic map data using remotely sensed imagery. Utilizing SPOT satellite imagery and aerial frame photographs as input data sources, the system provides the capabilities for geocorrection, radiometric correction, orthoimage generation, image enhancement, and epipolar pair production of images from those sources. The system provides a high-resolution stereoscopic display and allows graphical superimposition of vector data in stereo. Automatic transformations for DEM extraction, linear feature extraction, and change detection are provided. The system is implemented using the C++ object-oriented programming language and includes an object-oriented database management system. Considerations in the design of the TDBRS are described, particularly in relation to improving the overall production time for map creation and revision.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 31 Jan 2003 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/364172</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>CANDID CAMERA</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/539748</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Obtaining land use information has always been a tall order for airport administration.  In the U.S., many airports are finding that today's need for accurate information can no longer be met by matching conventional unrectified aerial photos to dated USGS quadrangle maps; nor do they have available funding or staff expertise to support global positioning system (GPS) satellite surveys or geographic information system (GIS) base mapping.  This article describes the use of digital orthophotos that many U.S. airports have started to use to obtain accurate land use information.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 28 Oct 1998 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/539748</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>EXPERIENCES WITH THE PRODUCTION OF DIGITAL ORTHOPHOTOS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/468251</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Digital orthophotos increase the potential of land and geographic information systems considerably. In the workstations of these systems one can also produce digital orthophotos in black and white and color. Each step of the production process is illustrated in detail, and experience regarding the choice of parameters in the calculation programs is stated.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 04 Nov 1996 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/468251</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>UTILIZING A GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR A ROADWAY IMPROVEMENT PLANNING STUDY ON THE SOUTHERN STATE PARKWAY CORRIDOR, LONG ISLAND, NEW YORK</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/383924</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Southern State Parkway is a controlled-access east-west highway carrying non-commercial traffic through Queens, Nassau and Suffolk counties.  Construction occurred in two phases during the 1920s and 1950s.  The parkway today has many safety and operational deficiencies, and high traffic volumes diminish the levels of service during much of the workday, a condition that is expected to worsen if improvements are not made. Parsons Brinckerhoff was retained to identify existing and future highway problems and develop and evaluate a range of solutions.  Geographic information system (GIS) technology was used to assist in the technical investigations as this approach offered a suitable mechanism for the storage, retrieval, analysis and display of the parkway's geographically-referenced features and its associated attributes.  The objectives of the GIS effort were to:  (1) Illustrate and maintain a database of the existing travel patterns of motorists using the Southern State Parkway - an origin-destination survey of motorists entering the parkway was conducted and survey data were stored in the relational data base; (2) Geographically reference records (1989 to 1991) of accidents occurring on the parkway by tenths of a mile, and identify and depict major areas of concern; (3) Incorporate the New York Metropolitan Transportation Council's (NYMTC's) square-mile-grid data of base year and projected vehicle trip-end data; (4) Create a link between TRANPLAN and ARC/INFO to update Average Annual Daily Traffic (AADT) volumes for alternatives under evaluation, and, in turn, automate the production of report-quality graphics; and (5) Import digital Intergraph files of the project area to use in conjunction with raster images of 7.5 quad sheets as a backdrop for visual identification of environmental constraints. The application of GIS technology proved to be useful on several fronts.  Thematic mapping illustrated the general travel patterns of motorists using the Southern State Parkway.  Dynamic segmentation provided the only mechanism for automatically locating and depicting accident records along the digital highway coverage.  NYMTC square-mile-grid data were incorporated into ARC/INFO and trip end data displayed.  Intergraph street base mapping was converted into ARC/INFO and used for report graphics.  A link was created between TRANPLAN and ARC/INFO which facilitated an automated graphics production of the different AADT scenarios.  7.5 Quad sheet images were rectified and used as an environmental backdrop.  The application of GIS technology and associated spatial techniques greatly assisted in the development and evaluation of roadway improvement alternatives.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 08 Dec 1993 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/383924</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE UTILITY OF PROVIDING DIGITAL PICTURES WITH PRECISION DIGITAL MAPS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/382829</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Etak, Inc. has investigated the utility of augmenting its digital maps with digital images (pictures). The investigation has shown that the technology is now at hand to provide a substantial digital image database on a small computer that can be accessed using a precision digital map. With the digital image database tied to a precision digital map, a platform could be provided which would support a variety of applications: route descriptions, destination descriptions, real estate presentations, inventory maintenance, tour guides, military operations, surveying, etc. This investigation shows that in the critical areas of system capacity, image storage, and image acquisition, there are low-cost, easily available components.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 20 Oct 1993 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/382829</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>TRIMS: A TRIP REDUCTION INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/382796</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Trip Reduction Information Management System (TRiMS) is a joint project of the City of Menlo Park and Etak, Inc., in cooperation with RIDES for Bay Area Commuters, Inc., and the Metropolitan Transportation Commission (MTC). The TRiMS design incorporates a geographically-organized database and software (based on digital maps) that can be accessed through personal computers by companies and employees to assist in trip planning. The design incorporates public transit routes, schedules, and fares (including CalTrain and bus services); paratransit information; bicycle routes; ride-matching services; and personal vehicle routing services. Users can obtain route and schedule alternatives for any transport mode(s) desired. Information is presented in graphical formats with video displays and printouts of maps, as well as in textual formats. Users can also find bicycle routes, ride-share partners, and park-and-ride alternatives.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 18 Oct 1993 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/382796</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>A TRIP TO DIGITAL IMAGING</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/366027</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This article offers the author's first person account of his visit to a corporation and a training center for graphic artists and his discovery of new technology in the areas of digital imagery and computer aided design. Includes discussion of costs, and applications of the technology.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 30 Jun 1992 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/366027</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>IMPLEMENTING GIS AT STATE DOTS. PART ONE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/364597</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A Geographic Information System (GIS) in the transportation field will permit the assimilation, integration, and presentation of data collected and stored by each division within a highway agency. The primary objective of the research described in this article is to develop a top-level design and implementation plan for GIS-T that will be responsive to technical (present and 10-year future), economic, social, and institutional needs and that will have an immediate, and favorable, impact on GIS indeavors in transportation. To collect in-depth basic information from the 50 states, questionnaires were prepared that covered nine topic areas deemed critical for GIS-T design and implementation planning: 1) activities, objectives, and status; 2) applications; 3) state government computing environment; 4) departmental computing environment; 5) departmental GIS-T initiatives; 6) data environment and issues; 7) GIS in other agencies and interagency data sharing; 8) management issues; and 9) advances in technology.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 29 Feb 1992 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/364597</guid>
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