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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <title>Development and Testing of an Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) Cellular &amp; Wi Fi Repeater: Phase 2</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2668508</link>
      <description><![CDATA[California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) has many rural use cases where no current network communications exist outside of satellite services. Based on prior research from the Advanced Highway Maintenance and Construction Technology (AHMCT) Research Center, the cellular range of typical sites in rural areas is significantly limited by surrounding terrain and foliage. There is a need to provide enhanced communications availability outside of current cellular offerings without full-fledged investment in satellite equipment. Research performed under Phase 1 of Task 3280, showed that an Uncrewed Aerial Systems (UAS) can elevate a payload into the cellular signal that is typically blocked by terrain and create a Wi-Fi network on the ground for worker communications. Refinement of the UAS payload was necessary to minimize deployment time and reduce the number of components required to establish a usable network. After the payload package was optimized, field trials were conducted situations with limited to no cellular network coverage. With a temporary Wi-Fi network in construction and emergency response areas, communication can now occur through emails and Wi-Fi calling, increasing efficiency, resource management, and accurate equipment deployment for the first time in some rural districts. The purpose of this document is to provide the results from the field trials, analyze the performance of the UAS aerial repeater system, and provide recommendations.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 23 Feb 2026 11:19:43 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2668508</guid>
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      <title>Roadmap for Innovative Application of GDOT's Digital Information Assets in Support of Developing the Digital Transportation Infrastructure</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2596466</link>
      <description><![CDATA[
This project proposes the development of a comprehensive roadmap for digital infrastructure in transportation which will provide the necessary guidance and insights to support the implementation of digital technologies and drive innovation in the transportation sector. ]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 05 Sep 2025 13:03:29 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2596466</guid>
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      <title>ADMIRAL’s multimodal digital marketplace in the logistics industry: addressing Corporate Sustainable Development Reporting Directive (CSRD)</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2528631</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Indirect, external emissions, also known as Scope 3 industrial emissions, do not have to be reported by companies in the EU. Many companies currently only focus on their Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions caused by their own energy consumption and ignore outsourced emissions. However, this will change with the new Revised Industrial Emissions Directive, which will require all companies operating in the EU to fulfil this reporting obligation by 2028. To achieve this, reliable and convenient tools are needed to measure, calculate, combine and report these emissions. To meet this challenge, the ADMIRAL project is developing a marketplace for logistics services. One of its key features is the ability to compile Scope 3 emissions data for multimodal logistics chains. By providing emissions data, the marketplace enables freight owners to make informed decisions about transport options. This in turn can help to reduce emissions. The marketplace brings together sellers and buyers of logistics services as well as developers and integrators of service solutions on a single platform. This ecosystem promotes the common goal of achieving a carbon-neutral world. This article discusses the legal framework in the European Union that obliges companies to report CO2 emissions. It also presents the ADMIRAL project and its results in response to these regulations. In particular, it looks at the role of the ADMIRAL digital marketplace in meeting the legal requirements and facilitating compliance within the industry.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 21 May 2025 09:52:10 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2528631</guid>
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      <title>Comprehensive Communication Performance of Digital Road Traffic Signs under Various Environmental Conditions</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2475635</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Digital road traffic signs, as a novel technology in modern traffic systems, have opened up new avenues for enhancing road safety and efficiency. This study aims to delve into the signal propagation performance of digital road traffic signs, particularly under various environmental conditions. The authors conducted both static and dynamic tests to analyze the relationship between signal strength and propagation distance, as well as the impact of device installation height and obstructions on signal propagation. Utilizing state-of-the-art digital traffic sign equipment, including high-performance transmitters and receivers, as well as specially designed vehicle-mounted devices, this study provides a comprehensive assessment of key factors such as transmission power, vehicle speed, and signal reception performance. The test results offer an in-depth understanding of the signal propagation characteristics of digital traffic signs. Through thorough data analysis, this study reveals several key factors affecting signal propagation performance and provides valuable guidance for the design and practical application of digital road traffic signs. Overall, this study underscores the importance of digital traffic signs in future traffic systems and offers strategic recommendations to ensure their effectiveness and reliability.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 23 Dec 2024 10:37:48 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2475635</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>How the interplay of monitoring-enabled digital technologies and human factors facilitates or hinders metro systems’ resilient response to operational disruptions</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2450725</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The metro is susceptible to disruption risks and requires a system response capability to build resilience to manage disruptions. Achieving such resilient response state requires readiness in both the technology side, e.g., utilizing digital technologies (DTs) to monitor system components, and the human factors side, e.g., fostering positive human coping capabilities; however, these two sides are usually considered independently, without sufficient integration. This paper aims to develop and empirically test a model in which monitoring-enabled DTs, employees' reactions, and their positive capabilities are simultaneously considered in terms of their interplay and impact on system response capability. The results showed that while DTs for monitoring physical components enhanced perceived management commitment and fostered collective efficacy, DTs for monitoring human components increased psychological strain and inhibited improvisation capability, creating a "double-edged sword" effect on system response capability. Additionally, explicit management commitment buffered the adverse effect of DTs-induced psychological strain on individual improvisation.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 11 Dec 2024 10:39:04 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2450725</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Localization in Global Positioning System–Denied Environments Using Infrastructure-Embedded Analog-Digital Information</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2341714</link>
      <description><![CDATA[While a majority of transportation and mobility solutions rely on in-vehicle sensors and the availability of the global positioning system (GPS) for absolute localization, alternate paradigms leveraging smart infrastructure have started becoming a viable solution for localization without needing GPS. However, the majority of approaches involving smart infrastructure require a means for wireless communication. In this article, the authors describe a novel method that can accurately localize the vehicle without using GPS and wireless communication by leveraging embedded digital and analog information on the roadside signage. The embedded information consists of a digital signature which can be used to cross-reference the ground truth (GT) location of the signage, as well as geometric information of the signage. This information is directly leveraged by on-vehicle sensors to generate absolute localization information. Specifically, the smart infrastructure consists of signage that is visible primarily in the infrared (IR) spectrum. A specialized camera that is optimized to read the digital signature extracts the analog information associated with the signage (ground truth and geometry). This is then used by both the camera, as well as a millimeter (mm)-wave radar to produce independent localization information. The camera and radar information are correlated with the signage information using a global nearest neighbor algorithm, followed by fusion with vehicle odometry using an extended Kalman filter (EKF) to generate accurate localization of the vehicle. The EKF is set up to manage asynchronous observations between the camera, radar, and vehicle odometry. The proposed method is implemented to localize a vehicle without the aid of GPS, and the results show consistent localization with the root mean squared (RMS) longitudinal and lateral errors less than 0.46 m and 0.19 m, respectively.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 26 Feb 2024 08:53:30 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2341714</guid>
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      <title>When an Inclusive Universal Design Starts by the Data Collection Methods</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2314920</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The spread of the digitalization of various domains, including transport and mobility, has given rise to new forms of exclusion and new problems of accessibility, which add up to those already existing in a physical pre-digitalized world. The aim of this paper is to present the novel approach adopted by Inclusive Digital Mobility Solutions (INDIMO), a Horizon 2020 project for collecting data on digital inclusion in mobility and logistics and identifying the requirements of target-group users, including social minorities. Concretely, this article presents the intersectional data collection method on digital mobility service users’ behaviors and their potential for detecting the target-groups, including social minorities in need of these services. In the traditional data collection approach, the socio-demographic variables are usually collected and represented in a single dimension of the population (such as gender, age, race, education, employment, disability, cultural identity etc.), while the need for intersectionality is key for planning and co-designing inclusive mobility and delivery services.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 26 Feb 2024 08:51:58 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2314920</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Ensuring inclusive and accessible digital mobility through universal design</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2314917</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The proliferation of smartphones and digital technologies have produced a quickly expanding array of innovative and disruptive digital mobility and logistics services, but with a varying degree of resulting benefits to different sections of the society. This paper presents the novel approach adopted by Inclusive Digital Mobility Solutions (INDIMO), a Horizon 2020 project to digital inclusion in mobility and logistics based on universal design principles adapted to such services and complemented by socioeconomic equity, cybersecurity and private data protection. Challenges and opportunities have been identified. A Universal Design Manual and a Service and Policy Evaluation Tool have been developed through a series of interviews and co-creation workshops with users, non-users and stakeholders as well as real-life testing of the manual on the (re)development of five pilot services.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 26 Feb 2024 08:51:58 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2314917</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Recommendations for a transition to ‘Railway 4.0 for Europe’</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2314707</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This research developed transitional scenarios for the European rail sector to transition to ‘Railway 4.0’ by the year 2050 based on interdisciplinary research informed by key choice variable modelling, co-created business model generation and semi structured interviews within the context of expert knowledge held by the authors and supported by desktop research. This work was developed in a mixed methods research framework. The number of interviewees is reported where appropriate to the methodologies concerned. The authors have detailed the impact assessment framework, CANVAS, and governance interviews developed and used. The authors have reported the individual key results from each approach and then an integration of same and finally policy recommendations.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 29 Jan 2024 09:16:27 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2314707</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Shift2Rail IP4: Building an interoperable mobility ecosystem at a European scale</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2314636</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The transportation sector has been transformed by the digital revolution changing the way people move and increasingly more dependent on the companionship of mobile devices, with the ability to request, pay and track trips at any time. Today, if the passengers want to follow the digital trends, when travelling, they are bound to visit different digital platforms to find the best options, understand what transport services are available locally and manage their trip directly with individual operators. The Shift2Rail Innovation Programme 4 (S2R-IP4), is working on an ecosystem that meets customer needs for door-to-door seamless multimodal travel, approaching different challenges to build a complete and open solution that allow the Transport Service Providers (TSP) to join and use an ecosystem that responds to the traveller's need s.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 22 Jan 2024 08:56:55 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2314636</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The Evolution of Wayfinding Within Airports</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2319943</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The process of navigating within airports has evolved over the years, with various technologies emerging to complement static signage. Historically, wayfinding began with static signage and airport staff members providing personal guidance, before progressing into digital signs, interactive kiosks, and displays. In recent years, wayfinding has continued along its digital path using mobile applications, indoor positioning technology, and even robot guides. With ever-larger airport facilities and a growing number of travelers, the future of wayfinding will likely be heavily linked to further digital developments such as facial recognition, augmented-reality technology, and autonomous vehicle navigation. This report delves into the history of interior wayfinding in airports, its present state, and the anticipated future. Key wayfinding technologies are discussed in detail, with an emphasis on emerging smartphone applications. Other considerations such as traveler stress, legal issues, pandemic safety, and language barriers are included. A wayfinding framework is proposed, with static wayfinding technologies serving as the base upon which dynamic and personalized digital technologies are built. In this framework, electronic wayfinding technologies do not replace—but rather augment—traditional methods. These technologies can be integrated into existing wayfinding systems for a seamless traveler experience.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 11 Jan 2024 13:31:16 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2319943</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A communication platform demonstrator for new generation railway traffic management systems: Testing and validation</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2307358</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Current rail traffic management and control systems cannot be easily upgraded to the new needs and challenges of modern railway systems because they do not offer interoperable data structures and standardized communication interfaces. To meet this need, the Horizon 2020 Shift2Rail OPTIMA project has developed a communication platform for testing and validating the new generation of traffic management systems (TMS), whose main innovative features are the interoperability of the data structures used, standardization of communications, continuous access to real-time and persistent data from heterogeneous data sources, modularity of components and scalability of the platform. This paper presents the main components, their functions and characteristics, then describes the testing and validation of the platform, even when federated with other innovative TMS modules developed in separate projects. The successful validation of the system has confirmed the achievement of the objectives set and allowed a new set of objectives to be defined for the reference platform for the railway TMS/Traffic Control systems.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 09 Jan 2024 09:09:57 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2307358</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Complex Digital Model of Transport Logistic System Transformation</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1974694</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Analysis of modern problems in the field of transport and logistics allows us to highlight the actual problem of the formation of an integrated logistics model of an enterprise or transport and logistics system (CLW) in the digital economy. To a large extent, improving the efficiency of CLWs depends on the further integration of not only business processes, but also the use of information and communication technologies, electronic services and production assets. Digital technologies are becoming the main sources of investment and the formation of a new logistics infrastructure. The article in the framework of the transformation “digital logistics” is considered as a direction for the rapid change in the supercompetitive environment, the complexity of the supply chains and CLW, covering many enterprises, the rapid change in the expectations and requirements of customers, the limited resources of the transport and logistics infrastructure.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 20 Nov 2023 09:12:24 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1974694</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>It’s Here!: What did we learn from the Mayflower 400’s Atlantic crossing?</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2291279</link>
      <description><![CDATA[On June 30, 2022, the Mayflower 400 (MAS400) arrived in Plymouth, Massachusetts, after departing Plymouth, England on April 27, 2022. With the exception of two detours and assistance into port, she crossed fully autonomously. This was the first arrival of an autonomous vessel to the United States. This article discusses lessons learned from the voyage, which will help develop policy and guide regulatory change to embrace this new technology. Autonomous vessels do not comply with Rule 5 of the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGs), which requires lookouts, among other rules. This highlights a significant gap between human-controlled vessels and the MAS400. There should be a standard of digital communication requiring autonomous vessels to communicate with each other in route-planning to avoid collision. The Coast Guard continues to assess risks and develop mitigating strategies for safe operation of autonomous vessels.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 17 Nov 2023 11:25:03 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2291279</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Transit Agencies Want Open Payments but There Are Challenges [supporting dataset]</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2242390</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study explores interest in, and the challenges faced by transit agencies and operators in the adoption of open-loop payment systems. The research team focuses in particular on the ways that agencies view passenger needs in the context of adopting open payments. Challenges with cash payments, an increasingly cashless society, and the expanding offerings of digital payment options have spurred increased interest in open-loop payments among transit operators. Paying for transit with cash can require additional time at boarding, add extra steps for passengers who must pay with exact fare, and result in service inefficiencies. It presents security concerns for drivers, and administrative burdens for agencies. While the full costs of cash handling vary per agency the cost of handling and moving cash may be considerable. Pioneering transit agencies are adopting open payment systems that accept credit cards, debit cards, and smartphone/watch-based transactions. However, there is a huge diversity among transit agencies and as such, agencies face different challenges and to different degrees, when considering the adoption of open payment systems. Challenges can include financial barriers, capacity limitations, technological challenges, the duration of existing contracts, competing needs, and a number of passenger challenges such as lack of credit cards or smartphones. This study uses data collected from California transit agencies in the fall of 2022 that gathered information about agency perceptions of open-loop payments and the challenges with adopting open fare collection systems, and whether assistance programs would benefit transit agencies interested in adopting open-loop payments. Even before the pandemic prompted agencies to consider open and contactless payments, many agencies were exploring this option. Results of the present study indicate that the majority of agencies are considering or have considered implementing open payment systems, but agencies are not fully aware of the assistance available from the California Integrated Travel Program to help in the transition to digital and open payment systems. Key challenges include the cost, as well as the technical needs to implement open payments. Agencies also cited passenger familiarity with technology and ability to have a bank account as potential hurdles. This study sheds light on the challenges facing small to medium transit agencies in the transition of California’s transit systems to open-loop payment systems.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 23 Oct 2023 08:51:44 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2242390</guid>
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