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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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    <item>
      <title>DAMAGE STABILITY MODEL EXPERIMENTS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/39726</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The paper describes a series of experiments in waves with a flooded model of a typical passenger and vehicle ferry. The objective was to provide designers and approving authorities with data with which to assess ship safety in damaged conditions in a quantifiable manner relative to sea conditions.  Safety in this context is not absolute, depending upon compliance with a regulation, but a continuous function related to environmental conditions. /Author/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 24 Jul 2003 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/39726</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>FHWA TECHNICAL NOTE ON THE DEGRADATION-REDUCTION FACTORS FOR GEOSYNTHETICS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/576597</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Extensive testing has proven that ultra-conservative safety factors and high-default values are unnecessary.  Designers should not be reluctant to specify geosynthetics in reinforcement applications: the materials are durable, and information is readily available to predict their design service.  This technical note is intended to summarize current research results and provide the basis for selecting aging and installation damage reduction factors, consistent with the in-ground regime and construction methods specified in lieu of using default reduction factors.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 13 Sep 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/576597</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>MODEL TESTS FOR DETERMINING WATER INGRESS AND ACCUMULATION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/480295</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper describes model tests performed as part of the Nordic Research Project on Ro-Ro Vessel Stability in Damaged Condition.  A detailed account of the particular model requirements is given along with a review of the instrumentation system adopted to determine the time history of water ingress and water movement on the vehicle as well as the overall vessel response.  An integrated model describing the quasi-steady excess water elevation on the vehicle deck as function of sea state and vessel attitude is presented.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 27 Mar 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/480295</guid>
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      <title>A NEW DAMAGE STABILITY FRAMEWORK BASED UPON PROBABILISTIC METHODS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/480298</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A new damage stability framework based upon probabilistic methods is presented.  The proposed framework if based on a probabilistic method, similar to IMO Res. A.265 and the new regulations for cargo ships in SOLAS Ch. II-1, Part B-1.  New elements introduced are effect of water on deck and cargo shift.  The framework also addresses the damage stability modelling procedures, in particular the standards for intermediate stages of flooding and crossflooding.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 27 Mar 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/480298</guid>
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      <title>CRITERIA FOR SURVIVAL IN DAMAGED CONDITION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/480297</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Building on earlier developments under the UK RoRo Research Programme, the focus of the effort during the Northwest Joint R&D Project has been on improving and validating comprehensively an existing theoretical model, capable of predicting the capsize resistance of a damaged vessel in realistic environmental conditions whilst accounting for progressive flooding.  Having successfully fulfilled this task, a ship stability research group has subsequently undertaken a systematic parametric investigation aiming to identify the key factors influencing the vessel's ability to survive a said damage as well as representative parameters characterising uniquely this ability for any vessel type, form, size and compartmentation as a function of sea state with the view to using these as a basis for developing rational survival criteria.  In their quest to meeting this goal, the group achieved a major breakthrough which is likely to serve as a key contribution to new IMO regulations, for assessing the damage survivability of passenger/ro-ro vessels, and to facilitate the harmonisation of probabilistic stability standards.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 27 Mar 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/480297</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DESCRIPTION OF TANK SHAPE FOR THE CALCULATION OF DAMAGED STABILITY OF VLCC, CONSIDERING FREE SURFACE EFFECT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/456185</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In order to calculate the damage stability of a VLCC in compliance with IMO 73/78 MARPOL requirements, the paper presents simple and practical methods to describe the geometrical shape of various tanks, to calculate the free surface effect.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 27 Mar 1996 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/456185</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ON PROBABILISTIC DAMAGE STABILITY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/456245</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In order to correctly introduce probabilities in damage stability calculations all statistical parameters must be identified by proper distribution density functions, which in turn are based on proper statistics.  The author discusses some apparent anomalies in the International Maritime Organization SOLAS and MARPOL requirements.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 27 Mar 1996 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/456245</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DAMAGE SCENARIO ANALYSIS: A TOOL FOR ASSESSING THE DAMAGE SURVIVABILITY OF PASSENGER SHIPS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/455634</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper presents an approach to assess the damage survivability of a ship which derives from an examination of a number of realisable damage scenarios chosen from accident statistics and IMO recommendations, on the basis of maximising the danger of potential capsize.  Damage scenarios analysis refers to the procedure of identifying the "worst damage scenario" by studying the dynamic behaviour of the damaged vessel in a realistic environment using time simulation.  The practical applicability of the proposed approach is demonstrated by presenting the results of a case study for a modern car/passenger ferry on the basis of which some revealing conclusions on the damage survivability of passenger ships are drawn and recommendations made.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 04 Mar 1996 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/455634</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>SHIP STABILITY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/455324</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Vessel design and inherent stability are tantamount to successful operating procedure and safety.  This article explains ship stability.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 04 Mar 1996 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/455324</guid>
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      <title>DAMAGE STABILITY ASSESSMENT - STATE OF THE ART</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/455391</link>
      <description><![CDATA[At the present time it is not possible to determine, with reasonable accuracy, criteria for capsizing of ships in waves which are crucial for the assessment of damaged ship safety.  However, based on the results of damage stability model experiments, it is possible to derive a simplified relationship which takes into account only certain parameters and disregards others.  Such a situation is reflected in the present criteria on damage stability.  The background to these criteria is briefly discussed in this paper.  The paper emphasizes that relying on model tests only is not sufficient to make much progress and therefore more research is essential.  Damage stability is a complex problem involving a large number of variables and the results from only one or two given ship shapes are not sufficient to identify the significant parameters governing the problem. Full benefit from test results will not therefore be achieved until there is a consistent logical theory which will enable the results to be generalised to other ship forms and sizes.  At the moment such theory does not exist.  The paper briefly discusses two possibilities of creating such a theory, one based on a simplified model of damaged ship behaviour and the other on a comparative method. Finally, the paper discussed practical calculation of the factors accounting for the damage stability of the ship in subdivision calculations.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 04 Mar 1996 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/455391</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF MOTIONS AND DAMAGED STABILITY OF RO-RO SHIPS IN THE INTERMEDIATE STAGES OF FLOODING</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/455387</link>
      <description><![CDATA[It is generally recognized that the phenomenon of a 'rapid capsize' during the intermediate stages of flooding may represent a potentially dangerous situation to a ship.  This is particularly true for a ro/ro ferry sustaining a 'high energy' collision due to the lack of subdivision on the cardeck.  To analyze the associated safety problems a mathematical models has been developed to describe the actual motion behaviour and the associated residual stability of a ship in the time domain after sustaining a collision damage.  An outline of the mathematical model and the corresponding computer program is presented, discussing in particular the dynamics involved during the ingress of water with due emphasis on the importance of the instantaneous roll angle and the effect of subdivision arrangements on the distribution of flood water.  The results of a study on the parameters involved, such as the configuration of the damage orifice, and systematic calculations carried out for a number of existing ro/ro passenger ships yielded a number of conclusions relevant to inherent safety of such vessels after a high energy collision.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 04 Mar 1996 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/455387</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>PASSENGER VESSEL DAMAGE STABILITY STUDY FOR 1990 SOLAS AMENDMENTS. VOLUME 2: APPENDIX B</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/448763</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The application of new damage stability requirements in the 1990 Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) amendments to the United States domestic passenger fleet is investigated.  The amendments specify new minimums for positive range, righting energy, and downflooding angle, maximum static heel angle, and residual righting arms in situations of applied heeling moments such as passenger crowding and wind loading.  Twenty-one domestic passenger ships of recent design are analyzed for their ability to comply in damaged conditions as specified by the Coast Guard regulations.  Design modifications required to bring about compliance for those vessels failing the requirements are briefly addressed.  A comparison of ability to comply versus certain hydrostatic parameters is made, as well as a set of recommendations to the Coast Guard.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 11 Jan 1996 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/448763</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>PASSENGER VESSEL DAMAGE STABILITY STUDY FOR 1990 SOLAS AMENDMENTS. VOLUME 1</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/448752</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The application of new damage stability requirements in the 1990 Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) amendments to the United States domestic passenger fleet is investigated.  The amendments specify new minimums for positive range, righting energy, and downflooding angle, maximum static heeling moments such as passenger crowding and wind loading.  Twenty-one domestic passenger ships of recent design are analyzed for their ability to comply in damaged conditions as specified by the Coast Guard regulations.  Design modifications required to bring about compliance for those vessels failing the requirements are briefly addressed.  A comparison of ability to comply versus certain hydrostatic parameters is made, as well as a set of recommendations to the Coast Guard.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 08 Jan 1996 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/448752</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>PROBABILITY OF THE APPEARANCE OF LONGITUDINAL LOCATIONS AND EXTENTS OF SHIP COLLISION DAMAGE - ANALYSIS OF RECENT IMO EFFORTS AND NEW PROPOSALS FOR IMPROVEMENTS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/439141</link>
      <description><![CDATA[After many years of discussion, spurred on by the tragic accidents of some of the most modern ships, IMO, the International Maritime Organization, is making efforts to introduce new regulations on subdivision based on the probabilistic principle for dry cargo ships, too, including the most riskful, Ro-Ro ships.  For their case IMO proposes a completely new part of the approach, mentioned in the title.  The paper attempts to consider this approach as clearly as possible, to compare it with the author's earlier, already published, proposal and to present another, new approach to this problem.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/439141</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DAMAGE STABILITY CALCULATION PROGRAM FOR DRY CARGO SHIPS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/439611</link>
      <description><![CDATA[For dry cargo ships with length Ls of 100 m or more expected to be engaged in international voyages and built after 1 February 1992, flooding calculations will become mandatory as the conditions of damage stability.  These conditions will be included in the amendments to IMO SOLAS regulations.  In this report, flooding calculations using the probabilistic method on the basis of IMO Res MSC 19(58) and Explanatory Notes to the regulations on subdivision and damage stability of dry cargo ships including re-ro ships in SLF 33/12 and SLF 34/WP.9 are explained, and the Damage Stability Calculation Program "DS KARGO" developed by Nippon Kaiji Kyokai is introduced.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/439611</guid>
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