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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <title>Using Travel Demand Modelling and Traffic Simulation for Crisis Management</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2671043</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Crisis management can be seen as the process of implementing practices to prevent and manage man-made and natural disasters. It also aims to mitigate their negative consequences that could affect the performance, reputation and normal operation of the affected system and its associated critical infrastructure. Transportation represents one of such infrastructures whose protection and management during normal and crisis situations is essential for the safety of the society. Based on this, an approach is proposed that focuses on the analysis of citizens’ behaviour to support crisis management using traffic data. In particular, it allows the selection, monitoring and analysis of arbitrary regions of interest. The simulated scenario, which focuses on a time-based estimation of the number of people affected within specific regions, is illustrated using traffic data from the German city of Darmstadt.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 30 Jun 2026 09:45:09 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2671043</guid>
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      <title>Changes in commute satisfaction among recently relocated residents in a car-reduced neighbourhood</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2681307</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In the pursuit of sustainable urban mobility, car-reduced neighbourhoods have been developed to discourage private car ownership and use. They limit parking spaces while providing their residents with car alternatives, e.g., public transport and shared modes. While mode use has been analysed in such settlements, little is known about whether the car-reduced design influences the residents’ commute well-being. Drawing on a quasi-longitudinal survey of 264 recently relocated residents of the car-reduced Lincoln neighbourhood in Darmstadt, Germany, this paper examines commute mode use and commute satisfaction. Bivariate difference tests and OLS regressions indicate that, upon relocating, commuting by car and walking decrease, while public transport use and cycling increase. Commute satisfaction improves across all modes except walking, with changes largely explained by commute distances. This study contributes new evidence that car-reduced neighbourhoods can simultaneously foster sustainable mobility and enhance travel well-being, given that workplaces remain accessible, e.g., via compact urban development.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 25 Mar 2026 11:44:44 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2681307</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Understanding urban planning interventions from the perspective of mobility biographies. An empirical study of a newly developed car-reduced neighbourhood in Darmstadt, Germany</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2640934</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In the pursuit of sustainable urban mobility, some municipalities have developed car-free neighbourhoods that restrict the parking of private vehicles. While these settlements successfully reduce car use, this strict parking ban imposes great challenges on the residents. In contrast, car-reduced neighbourhoods limit the number of private parking spaces, without banning them entirely. So far, only a few studies have examined the modal effects of car-reduced neighbourhoods, finding diverse travel patterns and some persisting car dependence. From a mobility biographies perspective, the modal impact of relocating to car-reduced neighbourhoods may be influenced by other concurring key events, such as childbirth or changes in employment.This study examines changes in travel mode use among 339 recently relocated residents of the car-reduced Lincoln neighbourhood in Darmstadt, Germany, and then analyses the impact of key events on these changes. A cluster analysis reveals five types of modal change: two with high pre-relocation car use that (1) remains high in one type and (2) decreases in the other; and three multimodal types: (3) remaining multimodality with low car use, (4) increasing multimodality with reduced car use and (5) remaining multimodality with medium car use. Overall, the car-reduced neighbourhood has caused the majority of its residents to drive less and adopt more car-independent, multimodal travel practices. Therefore, such settlements can be an effective strategy to curb urban car traffic and promote sustainable travel. Importantly, this effect occurs regardless of life stage transitions, as key events prompting the relocation exert limited influence on the modal change types.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 05 Jan 2026 09:53:58 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2640934</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Where are parking policies most popular? Empirical findings about the influence of the residential neighbourhood and car parking characteristics on public acceptability</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2537222</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Parking policies are a key factor in reducing car usage and improving liveability in urban neighbourhoods, as they link transport and land use. However, policymakers face the challenge of designing parking policies that effectively address local car parking issues while ensuring acceptability within the same neighbourhood. The authors' empirical analysis aims to develop a typology of different parking policies based on residents’ acceptability. Furthermore, they investigate the influence of spatial differences on the acceptability of parking policies, focusing on the residential neighbourhood and car parking characteristics. They derive their findings from a quantitative household survey (N=1,186) they conducted in eight neighbourhoods in the two German cities of Darmstadt and Frankfurt am Main. Applying principal component analysis (PCA) to 31 initial parking policies, they identify six policy types: (1) parking restrictions and enforcement, (2) conversion of parking space for liveability, (3) conversion of parking space for mobility services, (4) parking space conversion accompanied by additional measures, (5) additional neighbourhood garages and (6) limited parking for SUVs. Their results show that push measures are both among the most accepted and rejected policies, with restrictions for SUVs being generally more popular than those for regular cars. Moreover, they find that the acceptability of the conversion of parking spaces depends on the proposed alternative land use and accompanying additional measures. Despite some disparities, residents are more supportive of parking space conversions for liveability (e.g. greenery) than for alternative mobility services (e.g. car sharing stations). Their results also highlight the important role of the neighbourhood level when setting parking policies. Multivariate analyses indicate that the residential neighbourhood and car parking characteristics, such as the usual parking location, duration and distance from home, influence the acceptability of parking policies. Policymakers might, therefore, consider the local parking situation to be changed in a neighbourhood, the specific target groups to be addressed by a policy and the benefits for residents to be promoted by a transformation of on-street car parking.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 19 May 2025 15:52:35 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2537222</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Residential self-selection and the relative importance of travel considerations in the residential choice of a car-reduced neighbourhood</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2435044</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Car-reduced neighbourhoods are an urban planning tool to limit the increase in motorised traffic due to urban growth by making car ownership and use less attractive for the inhabitants. Since car-reduced living appeals more to some people than others, car-reduced neighbourhoods may be subject to residential self-selection (RSS). RSS indicates that individuals choose residential areas that support pre-existing travel attitudes and preferences, and, in consequence, that their travel behaviour is not solely the result of the built environment.Many studies on RSS operationalise self-selection effects using travel-related attitudes. In contrast, the authors assume that travel considerations in residential location choice (TCRC) are more precise for this purpose. While attitude refers to a mental state towards a travel mode, e.g. a personal affection for cycling, TCRC describes an actual desire to live in an area with, for example, street layouts that facilitate cycling.Drawing on a sample of 339 recently relocated inhabitants of a car-reduced neighbourhood in Darmstadt, Germany, the authors first identify the importance of TCRC in choosing this neighbourhood relative to other residential considerations. The authors find that TCRC have less influence compared to factors such as house size and price. However, a comparison of individuals with low and high car orientation reveals that the former prioritise car-reduced designs more when selecting a neighbourhood. Second, the authors find that new residents’ car use decreases after relocating, while carsharing use increases. Third, the authors find no significant difference between attitudes and TCRC when measuring RSS in our behaviour change models. In terms of policy implications, the further development of car-reduced neighbourhoods will (i) trigger an increase in the use of sustainable modes among new residents and (ii) make it easier for people who already rarely drive to maintain their car independence.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 17 Oct 2024 09:15:19 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2435044</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>A tool to predict perceived urban stress in open public spaces</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1907766</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This article presents an exploratory framework to predict ratings of subjectively perceived urban stress in open public spaces by analysing properties of the built environment with GIS and Space Syntax. The authors report on the findings of an empirical study in which the environmental properties of a sample of open public spaces in the city of Darmstadt, Germany were constructed and paired to users’ ratings. The data are analysed using different types of multivariate analyses with the aim to predict the ratings of perceived urban stress with a high explained variance and significance. The study finds that open public space typologies (park, square, courtyard, streets) are the best predictors for perceived urban stress, followed by isovist characteristics, street network characteristics and building density. Specifically, the isovist visibility, vertices number and perimeter, previously related to arousal and complexity in indoor spaces, show significant relation to perceived urban stress in open public spaces, but with different direction of effects. A model is presented that achieves a predictive power of R² = 54.6%. It extends existing models that focused on green spaces and streetscapes with a first exploratory attempt to predict more complex reactions such as perceived urban stress.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 12 Sep 2022 10:22:18 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1907766</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Understanding multimodal accessibility parameters in diverse urban environments: A pilot study in Darmstadt</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1898924</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The research takes into consideration diverse perspectives and parameters for assessing accessibility in urban spaces within the Frankfurt Rhein-Main Area, with the initiation of pilot study in Darmstadt, being one of the major cities forming the urban agglomeration. Diverse tools including public transport accessibility level and Space Syntax which contribute to the factor of accessibility are studied and utilized in different urban spaces and further correlated. The study takes into consideration the city centre, the main transit station and a residential area, as three urban spaces within Darmstadt, to understand how the selected performance measures quantify leading to qualitative learning and inferences. The study aims to further evolve in future stages, in order to understand the diversity through the accessibility performance measures through different cities, based on commuter flows, within the urban agglomeration. Assessing accessible mobility in continuum within the urban agglomeration, through interdisciplinary means of research methodology, would assist in the vision (as per German legislation) of obtaining an accessible and integrated multimodal transport system by 2022.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 20 Jan 2022 12:14:42 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1898924</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Systems factfile</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1522445</link>
      <description><![CDATA[With continuing upgrades and 21st century additions, Darmstadt's light rail system was forged from city tramways and local railways. Neil Pulling reports.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 05 Jul 2018 12:24:27 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1522445</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>History on show in Darmstadt</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1501324</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Mike Russell chronicles the survival of a highly representative collection of tramcars from the German city of Darmstadt--and their continued operation over its remarkably stable network.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 05 Feb 2018 15:53:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1501324</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ERHOEHUNG DER TRAGFAEHIGKEIT EINER ALTEN BRUECKE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1046037</link>
      <description><![CDATA[BERICHT UEBER DIE REPARATUR UND VERSTAERKUNG EINER 70 JAHRE ALTEN STAEHLERNEN FACHWERKBRUECKE UEBER DIE EINFAHRGLEISE DES BAHNHOFS DARMSTADT.  WEGEN SCHAEDEN AN DER FAHRBAHNTAFEL WAR DIE TRAGFAEHIGKEIT DES BAUWERKS STARK EINGESCHRAENKT.  NACH AUSBAU DER ALTEN FAHRBAHN, BESTEHEND AUS STAEHLERNEN  LAENGSTRAEGERN UND STAHLBETONPLATTEN UND DURCH EINBAU EINER STAHLFAHRBAHN KONNTE DIE TRAGFAEHIGKEIT DER BRUECKE AUF DIE KL. 45 NACH DIN 1072 HERAUFGESTUFT WERDEN, OHNE DASS DAS HAUPTTRAGSYSTEM ODER DIE QUERTRAEGER VERSTAERKT WERDEN MUSSTEN.  DIE KONSTRUKTION DER NEUEN ORTHOTROPEN PLATTE UND DER BAUVORGANG WERDEN BESCHRIEBEN.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 20 Nov 2010 23:06:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1046037</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>EVALUATION PREALABLE DES PROPRIETES DE DEFORMATION DES COUCHES D'ASPHALTE SUR LA BASE DES ESSAIS EN LABORATOIRE DE DARMSTADT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1034664</link>
      <description><![CDATA[L'AUTEUR DONNE UN APERCU DES ESSAIS DE CHAUSSEES SE RATTACHANT A LA DEFORMATION.  IL EXPOSE LES RESULTATS DES ETUDES, LES METHODES DE CALCUL ET RESUME LES EXPERIENCES ACQUISES.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 20 Nov 2010 16:40:15 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1034664</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE CONSEQUENCES OF EXCLUDING VEHICULAR TRAFFIC FROM RESIDENTIAL AREAS NEAR CITY CENTERS..</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/545304</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No abstract provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 20 Oct 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/545304</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE DARMSTADT EXPERIMENT : A WAY TO MORE PEACEFUL TRAFFIC?</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/239392</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No abstract provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 31 Aug 1987 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/239392</guid>
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