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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>An Uncertainty-Aware AGV Assignment Algorithm for Automated Container Terminals</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/913289</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper studies job assignments for automated guided in container terminal settings under various conditions of uncertainty. An introduction to their operation is provided, along with a flexible dispatching algorithm, suitable for real-time control of automated guided vehicles (AGVs). Using these concepts a new AGV dispatching approach is developed, capable of operating under uncertain conditions within a detailed container terminal model. Several performance indicators are presented, focused on generic features of vehicle operations as well the assessment of uncertainty levels inside the terminal. From the results of the simulation experiments, it is found that the proposed technique outperforms well known heuristics and alternative algorithms.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 16 Mar 2010 06:13:25 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/913289</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF GUIDED LAND TRANSPORT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/277571</link>
      <description><![CDATA[After several decades of slow change, the pace of technological development in guided transport has recently increased markedly.  This is due to changes in the available market and the benefits of modern electronics and automation systems.  This paper reviews changes over the past five years, and presents a possible scenario for the next ten years.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 28 Aug 2004 04:48:03 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/277571</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>SAFETY AND AVAILABILITY WITHIN COMBI-ROAD</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/656119</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Combi-Road program developed an idea for unattended freight container transportation limiting changes of carrier and number of vertical movements.  Combi-Road focuses on the transportation of containers by unattended guided vehicles that utilize their own cost-effective infrastructure.  The vehicles used by Combi-Road are electrically powered and the ride on air-filled tires.  During the first phase of the program theoretical investigations were explored regarding the economic feasibility of accommodating the safety design and availability.  Critical elements were validated on a test track.  It was discovered during these verification experiments, that system reliability and functionality could be realized without having to use fallback scenarios.  Combi-Road provides a communication link between fixed systems and moving vehicles which is reliable.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 11 Jun 2000 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/656119</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>UNGUIDED VEHICLE SURVEILLANCE TO SUPPORT ROUTE GUIDANCE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/576071</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper discusses the results of study on network surveillance performed by Mitretek Systems.  The purpose of this study is to determine the value of traffic information provided by various levels of network surveillance by measuring travel time performance of a route guided vehicle population.  The approach of this study is to employ the INTEGRATION traffic simulation model and an inter-urban network with both freeways and arterials.  The network used in this study is based on the Cherry Hill, New Jersey area.  For near-term deployment, it is unlikely that devices such as video cameras or inductive loops will be installed in all areas of a transportation network.  For inter-urban freeway networks, state and regional highway agencies may have little or no real-time information about traffic conditions.  Therefore it may be significantly more cost-effective to obtain network conditions from a relatively limited unguided probe population than by installing a system of fixed surveillance devices.  This report examines the problems and effects of using unguided vehicles as probes in the network. A fixed population of guided vehicles do not function as probes.  Results indicate that a partial surveillance system using 20% to 25% unguided probe vehicles can provide enough information to the Traffic Management Center for guided vehicles to experience almost all of the benefit associated with a network under full surveillance.  More than half of this potential benefit may be realized with as low as a 1% probe vehicle population.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 19 Aug 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/576071</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>STOCHASTIC MODELING FOR AUTOMATED MATERIAL HANDLING SYSTEM DESIGN AND CONTROL</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/469837</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Material handling systems (MHSs) are micro-transportation systems that share many of the same challenges in design and operation as their larger-scale transportation counterparts. However, because of the automation technology employed in material handling, such systems also present many new challenges. This paper reviews research on design and control of automated MHSs, with emphasis on analytical models that incorporate stochastic elements. The authors focus on models of automated storage and retrieval systems and automated guided vehicle systems. In addition to evaluating the existing literature, the authors describe areas where further research is needed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 03 Feb 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/469837</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DESIGNING A SINGLE-VEHICLE AUTOMATED GUIDED VEHICLE SYSTEM WITH MULTIPLE LOAD CAPACITY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/469838</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Automated guided vehicle systems (AGVSs) play an important role in today's factories. When properly designed and controlled they can provide significant cost savings in material handling cost and work-in-process inventory. The authors introduce an analytical approach for the design of a single-vehicle AGVS with multiple load capacity operating under a simple "go-when-filled" dispatching rule. The AGVS supplements an existing non-automated material handling system. It delivers containers with raw material from a central depot to workcenters on the factory floor. The demand of the workcenters and the time until delivery are stochastic. The authors develop a non-linear binary integer program to determine which workcenters warrant automated guided vehicle delivery and the consequent path layout subject to constraints on maximum allowable mean waiting time for material delivery.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 03 Feb 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/469838</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SAFETY OF HIGH SPEED GUIDED GROUND TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS: MAGNETIC AND ELECTRIC FIELD TESTING OF THE FRENCH TRAIN A GRANDE VITESSE (TGV). VOLUME 1 - ANALYSIS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/374895</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The safety of magnetically levitated (maglev) and high speed rail (HSR) trains proposed for application in the United States is the responsibility of the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA).  A franchise has been awarded to the Texas High Speed Rail Corporatiaon to operate a 200 mph French train A Grande Vitesse (TGV) in the Texas Triangle (Dallas-Fort Worth, Houston, San Antonio), with construction to begin in 1995.  This report provides the Analysis (Vol. 1) of the results, and detailed data and statistical summaries (Vol. 2, Appendices) of representative electric and magnetic field (EMF) profiles on TGV-A trains between Paris and Tours for two electro-technologies (1.5 KV DC near Paris, and 2x25 KV at Hz AC).  EMF data represent a range of train operating conditions and locations (in vehicles, stations and wayside), as well as in traffic control and electrical facilities.  A portable magnetic field monitoring system (augmented to include an electric fields probe) was used to sample, record and store 3 axis static and AC magnetic fields waveforms simultaneously, at multiple locations.  A real time Digital Audio Tape (DAT) recorder able to capture EMF transients, and two personal power-frequency magnetic field monitors were used to collect complementary data.  The statistical and Fourier analysis of results in Vol. 1 enable a comparative characterization of EMF intensities, and spatial and temporal variability, by frequency band. and by distance from the source.  EMF Extra Low Frequency (ELF) Levels for the TGV system are comparable to those produced by common home, work, and power lines.  EMF field levels for the TGV rail system components are within the ranges of other common environmental EMF sources, but have specific frequency signatures.  Volume 2 catalogs and documents detailed data files by electrotechnology, source and location.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 17 Aug 1996 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/374895</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SAFETY OF HSGGT SYSTEMS: COLLISION AVOIDANCE AND ACCIDENT SURVIVABILITY. VOLUME 2: COLLISION AVOIDANCE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/369598</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This is the second of 4 volumes concerned with developing safety guidelines and specifications for high speed guided ground transportation (HSGGT) collision avoidance and accident survivability.  The study formulates collision scenarios to which an HSGGT system may be exposed.  Existing U.S. and foreign rules, regulations, standards and practices concerned with either preventing the occurrence of a collision, or mitigating the consequences of a collision are reviewed, together with pertinent practices from other forms of transportation, leading to the formulation of guidelines and specifications for collision avoidance and accident survivability.  This volume addressing collision avoidance, describes the features of signal and train control systems used in existing high speed rail, conventional rail and mass transit systems, and other measures to prevent collisions such as prevention of right-of-way intrusions.  A description is provided of the interaction between collision avoidance system characteristics and capabilities, and HSGGT system capacity and reliability.  Finally, guidelines are developed for collision avoidance systems to be applied to HSGGT systems in the United States.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 28 May 1996 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/369598</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SAFETY OF HIGH SPEED MAGNETIC LEVITATION TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS. PRELIMINARY SAFETY REVIEW OF THE TRANSRAPID MAGLEV SYSTEM. MOVING AMERICA: NEW DIRECTIONS, NEW OPPORTUNITIES (EXECUTIVE SUMMARY)</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/361837</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The use of magnetically levitated (maglev) vehicles for high speed guided ground transportation could easily become a reality in this decade.  The first such system will likely be the Florida Maglev Demonstration Project in Orlando.  A result of this encouraging development is that there exists a need for the assessment of the safety aspects of this new form of guided ground transportation.  This requirement is the responsibility of the Federal Railroad Administration which is charged with the safety of maglev systems in the United States in the Rail Safety Improvement Act of 1988. The first in a series of reports that will address high speed maglev transportation safety, the Executive Summary and its companion report illustrate the system safety approach that will be taken as the maglev safety evaluation project develops.  This and future studies will focus initially on the German Transrapid electromagnetic (or attractive) technology.  Further studies will review maglev safety standards, operations and maintenance guidelines and the certification testing used in Europe.  Safety verification test requirements will also be established for new U.S. installations.  Before FRA's multiyear safety assurance program is completed, both the electromagnetic (attractive) and electrodynamic (repulsive) maglev technologies will have been covered.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 29 Feb 1996 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/361837</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>AUTOMATED GUIDED VEHICLE TRAFFIC CONTROL AT A CONTAINER TERMINAL</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/452971</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Because a large number of vehicles use the same infrastructural facilities, the control of automated guided vehicle (AGV) traffic at a container terminal is crucial to the system performance. A new modelling technique which has been used to successfully model the relevant aspects of traffic control is presented in this paper. The control can be imposed by using a hierarchical system of so called semaphores, thus it is possible to follow a structural approach in the design of a traffic control configuration. The technique has been used to model an elementary terminal configuration and tested in a simulation model.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 24 Jan 1996 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/452971</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>AN ANALYTIC MODEL FOR DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-VEHICLE ASYNCHRONOUS MATERIAL HANDLING SYSTEMS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/414776</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Most research to date on asynchronous material handling systems such as automated guided vehicle systems (AGVSs) has involved simulation studies. In this paper the authors develop an optimal design model for a single-vehicle AGVS that analytically accounts for the stochastic nature of real manufacturing systems. The model determines which stations and routes to include in the network to maximize the benefit of the network subject to a constraint that the average waiting time in the system not exceed a prescribed limit. The model is formulated as a linear binary integer program with one nonlinear constraint. To solve the problem the authors develop bounds on the expected waiting time, which they use as part of an exact implicit enumeration solution procedure. The authors illustrate the model with an example of an AGVS design problem at Hewlett-Packard and present computational experience for other representative problems.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 05 Jan 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/414776</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SAFETY OF VITAL CONTROL AND COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS IN GUIDED GROUND TRANSPORTATION, ANALYSIS OF RAILROAD SIGNALING SYSTEM: MICROPROCESSOR INTERLOCKING</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/386956</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study has been conducted with the goal of gaining an insight into the issues of maintaining vital signal systems implemented with microprocessor chips and of making field changes to the application of such systems.  To relate these abstract topics to concrete issues, two actual commercial systems were investigated, namely the General Railway Signal Company  VPI Vital Processor Interlocking and the GRS GENRAKODE microprocessor-based coded track circuit system.  One of the purposes of this study is to determine what actions should be taken by railroads to maintain signal-system safety when microprocessor-based signal systems receive maintenance to correct a failure  and when such signal systems are modified after installation because of application changes such as a revision to the track plan or the signal aspects.  A second purpose of this study is to determine whether revisions are required to the Rules, Standards and Instructions Governing the Installation, Inspection, Maintenance and Repair of Signal and Train Control Systems, Devices, and Appliances (RS&I) due to the introduction of microprocessor-based systems and to suggest such revisions if they are indicated.  These revisions, if any, would be based on the recommendations for maintenance and field-change procedures identified in the first part of this study.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 03 May 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/386956</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE USE OF RADIATING WAVEGUIDES IN GUIDED TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/372291</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The increase in ground-vehicle transmissions in automatic guided transport has made it essential to find new wide-band systems to replace or supplement conventional communications systems such as two-wire lines placed in the track.  The need is made more pressing by new requirements such as: remote monitoring and remote diagnosis of failures in the equipment in vehicles; and the use of TV cameras to monitor the interior of vehicles, as some specifications are beginning to require.  This article describes the fundamental concepts which were used to define the chcracteristics of a micrcowave transmission system that uses a continuous transmission line running along the track.  The article also describes the potential applications of this communications link which also provides vehicles moving along it with relative and absolute position data and true speed measurements.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 30 Dec 1993 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/372291</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ELECTRICALLY POWERED TRANSPORTATION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/372295</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper examines the consequences of the penetration of electricity in the transport sector, with particular reference to the reduction of atmospheric pollution.  Energy considerations and noise reduction are also tackled.  After a brief account of the potential of the main components (current collection devices, accumulator batteries and propulsion system) the paper describes the development of the main technologies.  Special attention is paid to battery powered vehicles and certain aspects of the development of electrically driven guided transport.  The problem of urban transport is given special treament.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 30 Dec 1993 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/372295</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>IMPROVING TRANSPORTATION THROUGH RAILROAD RESEARCH: 1988-1991</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/368965</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Office of Research and Development (R&D) of the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) conducts research, development, test, and evaluation projects to directly support the FRA's safety responsibility and to enhance the railroad system as a significant national transportation resource.  This report summarizes the FRA's R&D activities conducted from 1988 through 1991.  A report published in January 1988 covered the preceding 7 years.  This report consists of an introduction, four major sections, and three appendices.  Each section describes the R&D activities of one of the FRA's four functional research programs: (1) the Track, Structures, and Train Control Program, including related areas of bridges, switches, signals, and controls; (2) the Equipment Operations and Hazardous Materials Research Program; (3) the High Speed Guided Ground Transportation Safety Program; and (4) the National Maglev Initiative Program.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 29 Dec 1993 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/368965</guid>
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