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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
    <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
      <url>https://trid.trb.org/Images/PageHeader-wTitle.jpg</url>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>LAND SINKS ALONG FREEWAY JOB</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/122546</link>
      <description><![CDATA[LAND SUBSIDENCE APPARENTLY CAUSED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF A DEPRESSED SECTION OF INTERSTATE 5 IN SACRAMENTO HAS DAMAGED A NUMBER OF STRUCTURES NEAR THE FREEWAY. THIS DAMAGE IS DESCRIBED. IT WAS CONCLUDED THAT SETTLEMENT MAY HAVE BEEN CAUSED IN PART BY LOWERING THE GROUND WATER LEVEL IN THE CONSTRUCTION AREA. NO DAMAGE OCCURRED TO BUILDINGS CONXTRUCTED ON PILES. A SYSTEM OF RELIEF WELLS WAS CONSTRUCTED INSIDE A COFFER DAM TO REGULATE THE WATER LEVEL. CURTAILMENT OF GROUND WATER PUMPING BY CONTRACTOR HAS RESULTED IN STABILITY AND RISE OF THE GROUND WATER LEVEL IN THE SURROUNDING AREA.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 15 Aug 2004 02:43:54 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/122546</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>FIELD STUDY OF SHREDDED-TIRE EMBANKMENT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/540149</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Interim data from the ongoing field study of an experimental shredded-tire embankment constructed near Williamsburg, Virginia, are presented.  Approximately 1.7 million shredded tires, mixed with a conventional fill material, were used.  The results to date indicate that the settlements are somewhat larger than usual in the embankment, but there are no problems with stability.  Groundwater monitoring showed no abnormal concentrations.  Infrared scans reveal no signs of a potential exothermic reaction in the embankment core.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 07 Oct 1998 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/540149</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>CONSIDERATION OF POTENTIAL GROUNDWATER IMPACTS IN ROCK TUNNELING</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/539263</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The evaluation and mitigation of the potential groundwater impacts of two rock tunnels in the San Bernardino Mountains in southern California is described.  The principal impact considered was dewatering of groundwater, which was a serious concern to the project's immediate neighbors.  In the planning stage the feasibility of allaying this concern was established by modeling anticipated tunnel inflows and a monitoring program was implemented to verify assumptions and performance during construction.  In the design stage features to mitigate groundwater effects (impervious lining, pre-excavation grouting) were included.  Observations taken during construction permit the refinement of the groundwater control measures.  The ability to mitigate groundwater impacts was important in obtaining project acceptance by the local community.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 23 Sep 1998 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/539263</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SAVE MONEY, SEAL SERVICE LATERALS WITH CHEMICAL GROUT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/577220</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The more we learn about our sewer systems, the more we discover how much customer service lines contribute to the expensive problem of groundwater infiltration. The American Society of Civil Engineers reports in its manual Existing Sewer Evaluation and Rehabilitation, "On average, over one-third of system infiltration enters through the laterals, most of which comes in at connections, or very near the main line." Now, there is good evidence that cities can actually save money by sealing those laterals with chemical grout.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 20 Oct 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/577220</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AT AIRPORTS: LIABILITIES AND SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITIES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/573461</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Environmental pressure on the aviation industry worldwide requires continuous assessment of the social and legal obligations of airport authorities. Using examples from airports in Europe, Australia and the U.S., key issues are identified, along with the measures taken to address these obligations. Topics include noise abatement; air quality monitoring; waste management; contamination and protection of ground and surface waters; and environmental, legal and health impacts of the industry.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 15 Sep 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/573461</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ANALYSIS OF CANTILEVER SHEET-PILE WALLS IN COHESIONLESS SOIL. DISCUSSION AND CLOSURE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/469800</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A discussion of a paper with the aforementioned title by G.J.W. King, published in this journal (Volume 121, Number 9, September 1995), is presented.  Discusser Day suggests that the author's proposed method for the design of cantilever sheet-pile walls in cohesionless soil is more difficult to use than the conventional method it was developed to replace.  Day reports that the main limitation of the author's new method, which is based on limiting equilibrium, is that it is derived without considering the effects of ground water.  Discussion is followed by closure from the author.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 03 Feb 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/469800</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>RETAINING STRUCTURES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/411708</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This book reviews advances in the practice of retaining wall design and construction in the U.K. Numerous case studies of actual retaining wall analysis, design, and construction are provided to reveal the behavior of retaining walls during construction, and the effects of groundwater on passive earth pressure.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 08 Feb 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/411708</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>REPORT ON INVESTIGATION AND STUDY FOR CONTROL AND CORRECTION OF PALISADES LANDSLIDES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/124795</link>
      <description><![CDATA[AN ENGINEERING REPORT IS PRESENTED OF THE INVESTIGATION AND STUDY OF LANDSLIDES IN THE PALISADES OVERLOOKING THE PACIFIC OCEAN IN AND NORTH OF THE CITY OF SANTA MONICA. RESULTS ARE BASED ON A REVIEW OF RECORDS OF SLIDES, NEW TOPOGRAPHIC AND GEOLOGIC MAPPING OF THE AFFECTED AREA, EXPLORATION OF SUBSURFACE SOILS AND GROUND WATER, FIELD MEASUREMENTS OF GROUND WATER PRESSURES AND EARTH MOVEMENTS, ANALYSIS AND CORRELATION OF HISTORICAL AND OBSERVED DATA, CLASSIFICATION OF SLIDES BY CAUSE AND EFFECT, APPRAISAL OF ALTERNATIVE METHODS FOR CONTROL AND CORRECTION, CONSIDERATION OF PHYSICAL AND ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY, AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR APPROPRIATE ACTION. THE LANDSLIDES WERE CATAGORIZED IN SIX TYPES BASED ON THE SOIL STATUS WHETHER INTACT OR BROKEN, FACE SLOPE AND SLIDE SPEED. COMBINATIONS OF THE FOLLOWING FACTORS CONTRIBUTE TO THE CAUSE OF LANDSLIDES: HIGH GROUND, WATER CONCENTRATED RUNOFF ENTERING SLIDE, PERCHED WATER FROM RAIN, PERCHED WATER FROM IRRIGATION, SEPTIC TANK OR LEAKING SEWER, CONTINUOUS PERCHED WATER, STREET AND HIGHWAY CUTS, STREAM EROSION AT TOE, FILL AT TOP OF SLIDE, TENSION CRACKS AT TOP OF BLUFF, SLIPPING ALONG FAULTS, EARTHQUAKE, BEDDING ATTITUDE, AND REMOVAL OF SLIDE TALUS. BECAUSE OF THE IMPORTANCE OF WATER AS THE CAUSATIVE FACTOR OF ALL THE SLIDES STUDIED, ALTERNATIVE REMEDIES WILL USUALLY INCLUDE: (1) EXCLUDING WATER, (2) REMOVING WATER, OR (3) OFFSETTING THE EFFECT OF WATER. FOR STEEP DRY SLOPES, EROSION AT THE TOE OR ARTIFICIAL FILLS AT THE TOP WERE FREQUENTLY DESIGNATED AS CAUSATIVE FACTORS. ALTERNATIVE REMEDIES WILL USUALLY INCLUDE: (1) RESTORATION OF FORMER SURFACE PROFILE, (2) BUTTRESSING THE TOE, OR (3) RESLOPING TO A LOWER STABLE PROFILE. THE LATTER TWO REMEDIES WERE COMBINED FOR SEVERAL LOCATIONS BY CUTTING A BERM AT THE TOP OF A PALISADE AND USING THE SPOIL TO BUILD A SECOND BERM AT THE TOE. THE UPPER CUT LIGHTENS THE LOAD SUPPORTED BY UNSTABLE SOIL. THE LOWER BERM SERVES TWO PURPOSES; (1) A COUNTER-WEIGHT OPPOSING ROTATIONAL FORCES, AND (2) A SHELF TO INTERCEPT SMALL ROCK AND SOIL FALLS. UNOCCUPIED CANYONS ARE ADAPTABLE TO ALTERNATIVE DEGREES OF FILLING.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 16 Dec 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/124795</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A STUDY OF GROUND-WATER MOVEMENT IN CONNECTION WITH LANDSLIDES, DRAINAGE, AND SEEPAGE PROBLEMS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/124643</link>
      <description><![CDATA[THIS YEARLY PROGRESS REPORT COVERED THE FIRST YEARS WORK ON A STUDY OF GROUNDWATER MOVEMENT RELATIVE TO LANDSLIDES. AFTER A SEARCH OF THE LITERATURE WAS COMPLETED, THE RESEARCHERS CHOSE SEVERAL FIELD SITES WHERE TRACER TECHNIQUES COULD BE PRACTICED IN AREAS INVOLVING GROUNDWATER FLOW FROM A KNOWN SOURCE. SLUG INJECTION AND BAILED-WELL TESTS WERE PERFORMED IN AUGERED HOLES AT THESE SITES TO DETERMINE THE COEFFICIENT OF TRANSMISSIBILITY OF THE SOIL. SEVERAL SPECIAL STUDIES WERE MADE TO OBSERVE WATER TABLE FLUCTUATION IN THE VICINITY OF AN INJECTION HOLE, AND TO DETERMINE THE EFFECT OF VARIATIONS IN THE DIAMETER OF DRILL HOLES ON RESULTS OF BAILER AND SLUG TESTS. TRACER STUDIES WERE INITIATED USING RHODAMINE B, PONTACYL BRILLIANT PINK B, AND FLUORESCEIN DYES. DYE TRACER RESULTS WERE NOT ENCOURAGING. THE MAXIMUM DISTANCE AT WHICH ANY DYE WAS DETECTED WAS 8 FEET. IT WAS NOT KNOWN WHETHER THE LACK OF DYE DETECTION WAS DUE TO SLOW WATER MOVEMENT OR ADSORPTION OF THE DYES ON THE SOIL PARTICLES. TRACER STUDIES WITH THE RADIOISOTOPE TRITIUM ARE PLANNED. /BPR/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 01 Oct 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/124643</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>STABILITY OF NATURAL SLOPES IN SENSITIVE CLAY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/126804</link>
      <description><![CDATA[FAILURES OF NATURAL SLOPES IN SENSITIVE CLAYS OFTEN RETROGRESS LEAVING A CHARACTERISTIC CRATER WHICH IS WIDER THAN THE OPENING IN THE SLOPE. TWO ACTUAL FAILURES OF THIS TYPE THAT OCCURRED NEAR OTTAWA, CANADA ARE DESCRIBED AND COMPARED WITH STABLE SLOPES IN THE SAME GENERAL AREA. ONE OF THE FAILURES OCCURRED SEVERAL HUNDRED YEARS AGO BUT CHANGES IN GROUND WATER CONDITIONS SINCE FAILURE APPEAR TO HAVE INCREASED THE STABILITY OF ADJACENT SLOPES IN THAT AREA. THE SECOND FAILURE, IN AN AREA OF ACTIVE SLIDING, OCCURRED IN 1963. IN EACH CASE THE REQUIRED STRENGTH FOR STABILITY UNDER VARIOUS GROUND WATER CONDITIONS HAS BEEN COMPUTED AND COMPARED WITH MEASURED VALUES. IT IS CONCLUDED THAT AN EFFECTIVE STRESS ANALYSIS OF THESE SLOPES YIELDS SATISFACTORY RESULTS IF TESTS ARE CONDUCTED IN THE WORKING STRESS RANGE AND GROUND WATER CONDITIONS ARE CAREFULLY MEASURED. /ASCE/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 05 Sep 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/126804</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SYMPOSIUM: POLLUTANTS IN THE ROADSIDE ENVIRONMENT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/99018</link>
      <description><![CDATA[THE EFFECTS ARE DISCUSSED OF SALT DEICING CHEMICALS ON PLANTS AND CROPLANDS BORDERING HIGHWAYS. IN ALL, NINE PAPERS WERE DEVOTED TO (1) THE PROBLEMS, (2) SNOW REMOVAL, (3) SALT MIGRATION IN SOIL, (4) THE RELATIONSHIP OF ROAD SALT APPLICATION TO SODIUM AND CHLORIDE ION LEVELS IN THE SOIL BORDERING MAJOR HIGHWAYS, (5) MOVEMENT OF DISSOLVED SALTS IN GROUND WATER SYSTEMS, (6) EFFECT OF DEICING CHEMICALS ON GRASSY PLANTS, (7) EFFECT OF DEICING CHEMICALS ON WOODY PLANTS, (8) SALT TOLERANCE ON ROADSIDE VEGETATION, AND (9) AIR POLLUTION IN THE ROADSIDE ENVIRONMENT.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 29 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/99018</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>METHODS AND REASONS FOR CUTTING USE OF SALT IN FINLAND</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/379635</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Current standards in Finland require that all roads with average daily traffic above 6,000 be treated with salt through the winter.  Sodium chloride is used in solid, prewetted, and liquid form, typically 120,000 t/winter.  Calcium chloride is used as prewetter or in liquid form; annual quantities are less than 200 t.  The application rates of salt vary from 5 to 40 g/sq m.  The main argument against road salt has been the proven or suspected effects on groundwater resources, partly because of the glacial origin of Finland's soil.  Thus, the pressure to minimize or even stop the use of salt has increased.  One example shows that after an area of groundwater was contaminated, it took about 30 years for the soil to return to normal.  The new strategy for reducing salt use is to use only prewetted salt and liquid salt whenever sensible.  Low-volume roads are no longer treated. Accurate and fast snow clearing is one of the basic issues: dual-blade plows and hydraulically extendable plows have been developed for better snow and slush removal.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 03 Sep 1993 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/379635</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>COMPRESSED AIR CONQUERS RUNNING SANDS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/378183</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Southport Coastal Waters Interceptor (sewer) tunnel is currently being constructed under the town's beach promenade. The route of the tunnel lies almost one kilometre inland, and passes under a marsh area, two golf courses and the town centre. The construction of this 5.1km tunnel and 11 shafts has had to take account of the migratory habits of ducks as well as the seasonal tourist trade that the town enjoys. However, the important tunnelling story involves the use of compressed air. While the job was started with a Lovat machine working in EPB mode, the mucking screw has since been removed and compressed air at 13.9 psi applied. A bearing failure, running sand and a ground water pressure exceeding that of the compressed air have turned an interesting job into an exciting one.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 12 Jul 1993 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/378183</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ASSESSING THE SAFETY OF TRANSPORTATION ROUTES FOR HAZARDOUS MATERIALS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/378115</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Transporting hazardous materials by road and railroad is a high-risk industry that historically has been inadequately regulated by federal and state agencies. Accidental spills of hazardous waste during transport can severely affect community water supplies, particularly in areas that rely on groundwater. This article describes how a geographic information system (GIS) can be used at the county level to rank transport routes for hazardous materials based on the vulnerability of local hydrogeological features.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 22 Jun 1993 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/378115</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>BIOREMEDIATION OF PETROLEUM SPILLS IN ARCTIC AND SUBARCTIC ENVIRONMENTS: A FEASIBILITY STUDY. REVISION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/310650</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Bioremediation is the process of enhancing indigenous mibrobes in soil and groundwater to metabolize organic contaminates into harmless by-products.  Oil-degrading microorganisms are widely distributed in Alaska's soils. Researchers have biodegraded Prudhoe Bay crude oil in test plots from Barrow to Palmer, Alaska.  Bioremediation methods increase soil oxygen and nutrient levels by aeration and fertilization.  Soil microbes respond by increasing their activity and population.  The larger and more active microbial population utilizes the crude oil as a carbon source and accelerates the degradation of the oil. Polyethylene coverings significantly raise summer soil temperatures.  However, special attention must be given to oxygen transport.  Hydrogen peroxide injected into soil and groundwater at 100 ppm significantly elevates oxygen levels without detrimental effects to microbes.  Frequent tilling of the contaminated soil helps to oxygenate the soil and break up the water-impermeable surface.  Fertilizers that utilize inorganic sources of nitrogen and contain N:P:K ratios of 10:1:1 stimulate microbial growth.  The start-up cost of bioremediation systems are generally more expensive than conventional "pump-and-treat" systems.  However, bioremediation usually cleans up a site in less time. Therefore, overall costs are reduced by as much as 80%. While bioremediation is not a universal solution, it does warrant serious consideration when analyzing alternatives.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 30 Sep 1990 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/310650</guid>
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