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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>HIGHWAY USE OF HERBICIDES IN GEORGIA. FINAL REPORT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/344846</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Several herbicide treatments were evaluated in six areas of emphasis to develop roadside management programs for improvement of the roadside environment and reduction of mechanical mowing.  The program emphasis was in the suppression or control of weeping lovegrass, blackberry, Japanese honeysuckle, herbaceous summer weeds, smutgrass, and Florida paspalum.  A determination of arsenic residues from MSMA (monosodium methanearsonate) sprayed roadsides was compared with unsprayed roadsides.  Analyses of soil samples indicated little or no accumulation of arsenic after several years of the normal spray program.  No acceptable treatment was found for control of weeping lovegrass.  Results indicate Escort (metsulfuron) may be used for control of blackberry and Japanese honeysuckle.  Sequential applications of MSMA were effective for the control of most summer herbaceous weeds.  Results indicated Oust (sulfometuron) may be a candidate for control of summer herbaceous weeds, if used at low rates of application. Velpar (hexazinone) was demonstrated as effective for the control of smutgrass.  No treatment evaluated was acceptable in the control of Florida paspalum.  Studies also determined the effect of herbicide treatments on the roadside turf.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 31 Dec 1990 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/344846</guid>
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      <title>CHEMICAL RETARDANTS FREE LOCAL AUTHORITY GRASS CUTTING RESOURCES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/306902</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This article describes testing programs conducted by ICI Professional Products (UK) on the following grass growth retardants:  paclobutrazol, maleic hydrazide and mefluidide. These retardants were also used in mixtures together and with various herbicides for broad leaved weed control.  The best treatment of the demonstrations was the mixture of 1/2 rate mefluidide mixed with full rate paclobutrazol; apart from a slight tendency to scorch in frosty conditions this treatment gave the most satisfactory results.  Grass growth was rapidly halted, seedheads were suppressed and grass retardation lasted for 12-14 weeks.  Cost savings from reduced mowing, although difficult to evaluate, were felt to be on the order of up to 15-20%.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 31 Mar 1990 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>COST REDUCTION AND INCREASED EFFICACY OF GROWTH RETARDANT MIXTURES FOR VEGETATION MANAGEMENT ALONG INDIANA ROADSIDES. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/280053</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A cost-effective program of chemical mowing for use on Indiana roadsides has been developed.  A single spring application of a combination of new materials gives season-long control of seedheads in bluegrass and fescue as well as control of broad-leaf weeds and suppression of grass growth.  The cost of materials and application are equal to or less than the cost of a single mowing cycle.  The treatment is environmentally safe when applied in early spring before most agricultural crops have been planted. Problems of carry over with repeated applications to the same area have been reduced or eliminated by low overall application rates recommended.  The effectiveness and low cost of the combination is based on the ability of certain growth regulatory materials, referred to as additives, that may be only weakly effective as growth retardants themselves, to interact in a synergistic fashion with mefluidide to increase overall efficacy and to reduce the required application rates sufficiently to make chemical mowing an economically sound practice.  The combination has been field tested for five years under actual use conditions, and was found to be effective for full season management of mixed bluegrass-tall fescue turf to permit considerable cost savings when compared to 2-cycle or 3-cycle mechanical mowing.  On secondary and narrow right-of-way roadsides, seedheads from smooth brome and from later-germinating annual grasses such as foxtails and barnyard grass cause additional problems.  For use on such roads, a new combination has been developed that includes trichlopyr (Garlon) plus an agent for pre-emergence control of annual grasses.  Implementation is expected to increase potential cost-savings even further through reductions in force-account mowing and in reduced necessity to purchase costly mowing equipment.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 31 Jul 1988 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/280053</guid>
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      <title>COST REDUCTION AND INCREASED EFFICACY OF GROWTH RETARDANT MIXTURES FOR VEGETATION MANAGEMENT ALONG INDIANA ROADSIDES. FINAL REPORT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/280054</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A cost-effective program of chemical mowing for use on Indiana roadsides has been developed.  A single spring application of a combination of new materials gives season-long control of seedheads in bluegrass and fescue as well as control of broad-leaf weeds and suppression of grass growth.  The cost of materials and application are equal to or less than the cost of a single mowing cycle.  The treatment is environmentally safe when applied in early spring before most agricultural crops have been planted. Problems of carry over with repeated applications to the same area have been reduced or eliminated by low overall application rates recommended.  The effectiveness and low cost of the combination is based on the ability of certain growth regulatory materials, referred to as additives, that may be only weakly effective as growth retardants themselves, to interact in a synergistic fashion with mefluidide to increase overall efficacy and to reduce the required application rates sufficiently to make chemical mowing an economically sound practice.  The combination has been field tested for five years under actual use conditions, and was found to be effective for full season management of mixed bluegrass-tall fescue turf to permit considerable cost savings when compared to 2-cycle or 3-cycle mechanical mowing.  On secondary and narrow right-of-way roadsides, seedheads from smooth brome and from later-germinating annual grasses such as foxtails and barnyard grass cause additional problems.  For use on such roads, a new combination has been developed that includes trichlopyr (Garlon) plus an agent for pre-emergence control of annual grasses.  Implementation is expected to increase potential cost-savings even further through reductions in force-account mowing and in reduced necessity to purchase costly mowing equipment.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 31 Jul 1988 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/280054</guid>
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      <title>CHEMICAL MOWING IN INDIANA: THREE YEARS OF SUCCESS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/288437</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Currently the Indiana Department of Highways is responsible for vegetation management on about 100,000 acres of roadside that receives at least one full cycle of mowing and includes other areas, such as medians and corridors adjacent to traffic lanes, that are mowed twice or three times. Both force-account and contract means are used at a total cost of $3,250,000/year. As an alternative to mechanical mowing, a program of chemical mowing was implemented for the state of Indiana in 1983 with 3 consecutive years of success with use on Interstate and dual-lane roads. Using a combination of primary growth retardant, cost-reducing additive, surfactant (detergent) to enhance penetration and primary broadleaf herbicide, a single spray application in the spring controls weeds, prevents seedhead formation, and retards growth of grass blades so that no further spraying or mechanical mowing is required for full-season vegetation management. By employing cost-saving combinations of material, costs are equal to or slightly higher than the per acre cost of a single mowing cycle. This program was designed primarily for use on tall fescue-bluegrass mixed turf and resulted in both seedhead suppression and weed control in excess of 90 percent. Those few seedheads that do form are short and do not appear unsightly. Weeds that remain are largely resistant perennials (common milkweed, Canada thistle, and horse nettle) and late-germinating annuals (black medic, upright spurge, common ragweed, wild lettuce, and various foxtails). Grass heights at the end of the growing season remain well within the standards (12 to 18 in.) of the state of Indiana to eliminate any need for mechanical mowing.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 31 Oct 1987 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/288437</guid>
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