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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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      <title>Balancing transportation needs of national parks and local communities: An interdisciplinary approach</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2687091</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Playing a multifaceted role in national and international ecosystems, National Parks are not only crucial for conservation and preservation of tourism resources but also act as major economic drivers for surrounding communities. The transportation connections between the National Parks and the local communities are often affected by urban traffic congestion, commuting patterns, and roadway capacities. This manuscript examines the potential applications of crowd sourced big data and collaboration among various stakeholders to assist National Parks, especially small urban parks, to address challenges when attempting road closures. Using Guilford Courthouse National Military Park (GUCO) as a case study, the authors have demonstrated ways to conduct traffic analysis by amalgamating field collected and AI supplemented data to replace or reduce the expensive traffic data collection effort. Proper assessment of road closure impacts, along with strategies to mitigate these effects and address local concerns, is crucial to ensuring the mutual benefit of both National Parks and their neighboring communities.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 28 Apr 2026 11:18:52 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2687091</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>The Aggie Auto Shuttles: Technical insights from the first public road demonstration</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2549325</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper explores the viability of automated shuttles for urban and suburban transportation through the Aggie Auto Shuttles pilot project conducted by researchers at North Carolina A&T State University in Greensboro, North Carolina, USA. While the long-term goal is high-driving automation operation, this study focuses on conditional driving automation with human drivers ready to take control. The design of the shuttles, including their sensor suite for navigating complex suburban environments, is detailed. This paper discusses the testing procedures conducted in a controlled environment that replicated driving conditions expected in the public road demonstration with passenger service to evaluate core functionalities like mapping, localization, object recognition, and motion planning and tracking. Then, the real-world pilot project is detailed, and the results are analyzed employing objective and subjective measures and approaches, highlighting the challenges and opportunities encountered. By examining findings from both controlled and real-world settings, a comprehensive assessment of the feasibility of deploying automated shuttles as part of an integrated public transportation system is offered, contributing to the discussion on the practicality and limitations of automated shuttles with human backup in urban and suburban environments.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 30 May 2025 15:53:41 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2549325</guid>
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      <title>Speed kills? Quantifying the association between police traffic stops, types of stops, and motor vehicle collisions</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2338561</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) are a leading cause of traumatic death and injury. Police traffic stops (PTS) are a common approach to enforcing motor vehicle laws intended to prevent MVCs. However, it is unclear which types of PTS are most effective. This study examined the relationship of PTS subtypes among municipal police patrols on non-interstate roads and MVCs and MVC-related deaths. PTS subtype data were characterized from six North Carolina cities: Charlotte, Durham, Fayetteville, Greensboro, Raleigh, and Winston-Salem. The primary outcomes of this study were yearly non-interstate MVC and MVC-related death rates per 100 population. The data were analyzed as balanced time-series cross-sectional data. The statistical analysis accounted for time-dependent and city-dependent confounding. The authors used a two-way fixed effects model to analyze the relationship between PTS and MVC or MVC-related deaths. The authors also utilized the difference in difference (DID) analysis to analyze if the reduction of PTS following a 2012 policing administrative change in Fayetteville had an association with MVC or MVC-related deaths. The authors found no significant overall association between non-interstate PTS and MVCs (Coeff: -0.00006; p = 0.43) or MVC-related deaths (Coeff: -0.00011; p = 0.15). Panel regression suggested no significant relationship between MVCs and MVC-related deaths and PTS related to driving while impaired (p = 0.36), safe movement violation (p = 0.43), or seatbelt violations (p = 0.17). However, speed limit violations (Coeff: -0.00025; p = 0.032) and stop-light/sign violations (Coeff: -0.00147; p = 0.017) related to PTS significantly reduced MVC-related deaths. The DID regression showed no significant impact on MVCs (p = 0.924) or MVC-related deaths (0.706) before and after the police reform period. The evidence regarding the absence of an overall association and any association with most PTS subtypes suggest that PTS are not effective for MVC death prevention. Policymakers may proceed with exploring modifications to policing efforts without detriments to public safety as defined by MVC and MVC-related deaths.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 26 Feb 2024 08:51:58 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2338561</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Equitable Flood Impact Analysis Integrating GeoAI and Digital Twin Modeling</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2283482</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This research proposal aims to explore the interdependencies between water and transportation infrastructures in urban areas. The flood risks and their impacts on infrastructure and livelihoods such as transportation mobility and accessibility will be assessed with a focus on social equity; for example, low-income households are more likely to live in high-risk zones, face higher damages, and are less able to recover. The project will use a data-driven approach to quantify the impacts at two scales: (1) macroscopic scale (such as a town or city) using GeoAI tools, and (2) microscopic scale (such as a census tract) using digital twin model. GeoAI tools integrate geospatial analysis with machine learning methods. In this project, the tool will integrate time-series-based traffic, precipitation, and hydrology data with the publicly available datasets on mobility and disadvantage indices. The City of Greensboro in North Carolina will be used as a testbed for the application of the GeoAI tool. For the microscopic scale of analysis, a census tract with the highest flood risk will be adopted for digital twin modeling. Digital twin models will provide a high-fidelity representation of real-world systems by integrating diverse datasets, such as topography, hydrology, and transportation infrastructure. Key outputs include an integrated GeoAI-based traffic-water infrastructure analysis, a case study using the digital twin model for microscopic impacts of flooding, and shared geographic information system (GIS) tools for mitigation strategies and policies. The research outcome will be useful in providing managerial and operational guidance on ways to address inequity issues during such events. The project aligns well with the U.S. Department of Transportation's (USDOT’s) sustainability goal by facilitating agency collaboration and addressing climate resilience.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 30 Oct 2023 23:02:58 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2283482</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Making recycling pay</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1401670</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The city of Greensboro, NC is utilizing a mobile application (app) in its curbside recycling program in order to reduce contamination. The app uses global positioning system (GPS) technology to collect information in the field, enabling refuse truck operators and recycling program managers to track repeat contaminators and use additional education and enforcement to target them. Due to expected increased household recycling inspections, contamination is expected to be reduced by 50% over the next three to four years.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 24 Mar 2016 10:49:10 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1401670</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Characterizing Pedestrian Crashes Along an UrbanIzation Gradient: A Case Study in Greensboro, North Carolina</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1393700</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Urbanization, a process of either converting rural communities to urban areas or expanding existing urban  areas, is often desired because it often improves global, national, and regional socio-economic conditions. However, studies have also found that increase in the degree of urbanization, which is indicated by the proportion of impervious surface, has resulted in not only environmental failures but also increases in traffic accidents and decreases in pedestrian safety. Therefore, identifying the spatial and temporal patterns of pedestrian crashes as well as their driving factors along the urbanization gradient of a city is essential to facilitate an evaluation of the urbanization of a city in the context of pedestrian safety and to improve pedestrian safety along the corridors to/from a city center. In this study, the authors proposed a ring-based analytical methodology to analyze the pedestrian crash data in 2007-2012 of the City of Greensboro along its urbanization gradient. They found that there was a strong quadratic correlation between the number of pedestrian crashes and the degree of urbanization. In addition, the authors also found that the impacts of different factors on pedestrian severity along the urbanization gradient were not the same. Findings from this research call for ongoing identification of the spatial and temporal patterns of pedestrian crashes in accordance with the degree of urbanization for this city and others, which could be undertaken using the proposed ring-based analytical methodology.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 19 Feb 2016 17:09:27 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1393700</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Factors associated with students' parking-pass purchase decisions: Evidence from an American University</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1371050</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The primary objective of this research is to provide an in-depth understanding about factors affecting university students' parking-pass purchase decisions by integrating concepts and variables developed in various disciplines. A sample of 2253 undergraduate students at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro (UNCG) collected through a web-based survey is used for this study. Results from cross-tabulation analysis and logistic regression indicate that parking-pass purchase decisions are largely determined by students' car ownership, daily car-use habits, and faster mobility needs despite viable alternatives. Conversely purchase decisions have little relation to gender, race/ethnicity, income, and environmental concerns. Holding a parking pass fulfilled students' aspirations seeking safety, reliability, flexibility, spontaneity, and mobility. Most importantly, socio-economic status and psychological motives of car use have the greatest magnitude of predicting parking-permit purchases, while the built environment where students live has a minor influence.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 28 Oct 2015 10:19:24 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1371050</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Accounting for Geographic Equity in Prioritizing Sidewalks</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1336733</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The development of a municipal or metropolitan planning organization (MPO) sidewalk plan entails three steps: evaluating existing conditions, proposing recommendations, and offering an implementation plan. An efficient implementation plan often requires sidewalks to be prioritized into short term, medium term, and long term tiers. During the prioritization process, it is often essential to account for geographic equity within the area to minimize funding conflicts and to reduce spotty facility developments throughout a city. However, such methods for obtaining geographic equity have rarely been addressed in planning and research. Therefore, this study proposes a two-step prioritization method accounting for geographic equity to prioritize sidewalks. First, roadway segments with sidewalk needs are automatically ranked using needs-based criteria including land use connections, mixed land use index, proximity to bus stops, greenways, and trails, pedestrian crashes, sidewalk gaps, no-vehicle workers, household poverty, and street classifications. This procedure generates an area-wide list of absolute scores taking into account all of the needs-based criteria above. Second, for each council district, the sidewalk needs are prioritized relative to the distribution of scores and the within-total length of sidewalk needs in the district. A review of the results demonstrates that over 85% of sidewalk projects manually planned by planning experts and managers in the City of Greensboro (North Carolina) matched with those prioritized into short term tier using the proposed methodology. This methodology is not only suitable for prioritizing sidewalks in a Pedestrian Plan but is also applicable for evaluating and selecting priority projects for implementation under a construction program.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 03 Feb 2015 17:10:39 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1336733</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Evaluating accessibility impacts of the proposed America 2050 high-speed rail corridor for the Appalachian Region</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1314129</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Transportation improvements are often considered to be precursors of economic growth. This paper examines industry-specific ‘attractiveness’ due to changes in the transportation network for 23 counties in the Appalachian Region. The network improvements result from new highway construction and the proposed America 2050 High-Speed Rail (HSR) plan for the Piedmont Atlantic Megaregion. The impacted counties that are proximate to five HSR stations (Birmingham, Atlanta, Greenville, Charlotte, and Greensboro) are studied for potential accessibility changes between the years 2002 to 2035. The impacts are examined with respect to six key industry sectors found around the proposed HSR stations: manufacturing; retail; construction; mining, quarrying, oil and gas extraction; health-care services; and all other remaining industries combined. The analysis shows that, for transportation improvements with highways only (and no HSR), a decrease in accessibility for all the impacted counties occurs for the six industry sectors examined in the future year of 2035. The HSR speed of 150 miles per hour is found to be adequate enough to cause positive changes in potential accessibility of the directly impacted counties containing the Birmingham and Greenville HSR stations. With combined transportation network improvements from both highway construction and the new 150 mph HSR line, counties around the Atlanta and Greensboro HSR stations would see accessibility increases in 2035 compared to 2002 with respect to five industry sectors: manufacturing; retail; construction; health-care services; and all other remaining industries combined. However, accessibility changes with respect to mining, quarrying, oil and gas extraction would be positive specifically only for the indirectly impacted counties around the Atlanta HSR station and the county containing the Greenville HSR station. This clearly shows differences in the spatial distribution of attractiveness for different industry sectors across the impacted counties along the HSR corridor. Thus, this exploratory analysis could serve as an aid to proactive public policy decision-making for large-scale transportation network improvements, such as the HSR, in understanding and improving economic activities for different industry mixes across other regions of the United States.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 31 Jul 2014 09:15:07 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1314129</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Parkaholics Anonymous</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1256884</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This article offers advice for those "addicted" to adding new parking facilities to meet increased demand, dubbed "parkaholics." The author offers a 12-step strategic planning process, developed with colleagues at University of North Carolina Greensboro (UNCG), that can be applied to parking operations anywhere, including airports, municipalities, and universities. UNCG's plan, which is underpinned with a commitment to multimodal sustainable transportation, has allowed for lower costs of constructing and managing more parking structures.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 29 Jul 2013 13:39:32 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1256884</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Public Involvement in Bicycle Safety</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1253595</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Greensboro Urban Area Metropolitan Planning Organization (GUAMPO), along with its partners in Guilford County, Greensboro Parks and Recreation and the City of Greensboro, adopted the consolidated Greensboro Urban Area Bicycle, Pedestrian and Greenways Master Plan in 2006. Through a series of interactive public meetings, the plan helped to spawn a new bicycle advocacy group and brought new ideas for bike lanes and edgelines into the public realm. Implementation of the plan, especially bicycle improvements, began immediately upon adoption. Since the community was unfamiliar with bike lanes, edge lines and bike routes, an education campaign was needed to familiarize them with these features and their purpose. After initial implementation of the plan, a growing number of bicyclists turned into a growing numbers of crashes. Once again, it was obvious that engineering by itself wasn’t enough and a targeted education campaign was needed. Through the use of public outreach, advertising and partnerships, a successful bike safety campaign was launched with a dedicated Bike Safety Month. This has become an annual event to celebrate bicycling and refresh the safety dialogue. In 2009, Greensboro was recognized by the League of American Bicyclists as a Bronze Level Bicycle Friendly Community. This presentation will highlight those strategies and techniques that have worked well in the community and those things that haven’t. Bicycle safety is an ongoing process that is more than just education and engineering. Interaction with the public, and encouraging communication amongst residents, is a key to bicycle safety. These are ideas that can be replicated in other communities, especially those that are just beginning to implement new bicycle facilities and want to become more bicycle-friendly.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 27 Jun 2013 09:19:33 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1253595</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The reincarnation of Lake Townsend Dam</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1249876</link>
      <description><![CDATA[When asked to rehabilitate a 45-year-old dam that provides the city of Greensboro, North Carolina, with most of its drinking water, engineers responded with an innovative plan that called for using the dam as an upstream cofferdam and diversion control structure while the dam's crumbling spillway was replaced. Various spillway configuration - including labyrinth, gated, and combination control sections - were evaluated for each of the four options. Modeling verified the discharge capacity of the labyrinth and was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the stepped downstream slabs and apron stream transition.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 08 May 2013 11:30:14 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1249876</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Top-to-Bottom Sustainability Analysis</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1148140</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In 2009, Greensboro, North Carolina received a $2.5 million Energy Efficiency Community Block Grant.  This article describes how Greensboro used this funding in a comprehensive strategic evaluation using sustainability as a guide.  The city assessed its plans, policies and codes in the areas of economic development, transportation, housing, land use, parks and recreation, and water resources.  The nine-month study examined where sustainability is and is not addressed and how all of the city’s planning efforts could be aligned.  The study group found that many plans already address sustainability.  However, the study group also identified many opportunities for increased incentives to encourage sustainability, strengthened links between plans, and  better ties between planning and implementation.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 21 Aug 2012 08:54:11 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1148140</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Redesigning an Existing Transit Network from Scratch</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1130547</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper describes the process and results of a recent study in Greensboro, North Carolina.  The study arose after the Board of Directors of the Greensboro Transit Authority asked whether the transit system would look different if it were designed from scratch today.  The study developed a “blank-slate” network for Greensboro and presented the new network at a series of public meetings.  The process of developing a blank-slate network is described, and benefits and disadvantages of this approach are delineated.  Concluding comments summarize the process and findings, identify barriers to success and suggest potential ways to overcome these barriers.  The comments also address the ultimate question raised by this study:   is a blank-slate approach worthwhile or is it a meaningless theoretical exercise that can never be implemented?  The blank-slate network is unlikely to be implemented as designed in the near future.  The study’s real value may be in raising important transit-related issues among stakeholders.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 16 May 2012 15:05:16 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1130547</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Honda Aircraft selects MRO facility</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1127872</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Feb 2012 14:41:25 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1127872</guid>
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