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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>1983 Flow Emergency at Glen Canyon Dam—The Fastest Boat through the Grand Canyon</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1706730</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Colorado River runoff at Glen Canyon Dam in northeast Arizona was 180% of normal in the late spring of 1983. The peak inflow to Lake Powell of 111,500 ft3/s (3,158 m3/s) occurred on June 29th and required operation of both spillways in addition to the powerhouse and outlet works for two months with a maximum release of 92,600 ft3/s (2,623 m3/s) to the Colorado River below Glen Canyon Dam. A large aeration slot was designed, laboratory tested, and installed in the tunnel spillways before the 1984 runoff season. At the time of the high releases, three fearless river guides illegally launched a small dory at Lee’s Ferry for an unforgettable adventure to set a new time record for the 277-mile (446 km) journey through the Grand Canyon. The story of the illegal river runners was juxtaposed in time with the Glen Canyon Dam engineers' race to avoid a spillway catastrophe during the 1983 spring runoff. The dam engineers and operators had different opinions of the dam than that of the river guides—they felt the dam was a living monolith, pulsating with energy and dynamism and the river runners felt the dam was an offense against nature. The 1983 flow emergency at Glen Canyon is a story of success by both groups, but only after overcoming huge challenges. The story will be summarized in this paper.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 26 May 2020 10:16:17 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1706730</guid>
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      <title>The midair that forged the FAA</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1670330</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 04 Dec 2019 11:51:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1670330</guid>
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      <title>Grand Canyon Railway : thirty years of growth and change</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1656527</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Table of contents: Over the last 30 years, Grand Canyon Railway has evolved from a tourist attraction to a bona fide all-weather transportation service.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 03 Oct 2019 16:30:40 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1656527</guid>
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      <title>Flying the Canyon : the tug of the wild</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1586315</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 19 Feb 2019 15:57:26 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1586315</guid>
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      <title>"We are going in..." : the Grand Canyon mid-air disaster, 60 years later</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1405624</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 02 May 2016 15:07:13 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1405624</guid>
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      <title>Crossing the Canyon: The Navajo Bridge</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1136449</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Navajo Bridge crosses the Colorado River in the Grand Canyon, and it was the first steel deck arch in Arizona, as well as the only highway crossing of the River for 600 miles, at the time of its completion in 1929. Known originally as the Grand Canyon Bridge, and serving now as a scenic pedestrian crossing, it is the focus of this article which takes a look at the bridge's history and its importance in opening up previously inaccessible parts of northern Arizona to commerce and tourism.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 12 Apr 2012 13:44:18 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1136449</guid>
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      <title>Collision over Mencius Temple : 25 years onward</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1115098</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Sep 2011 14:54:13 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1115098</guid>
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      <title>Reducing Congestion at Grand Canyon's South Rim</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1099062</link>
      <description><![CDATA[More than 1.3 million vehicles travel into the South Rim of the Grand Canyon each year, including over 156,000 in July alone.  This huge influx of visitors makes visitor access and personal mobility an ongoing challenge for the National Park Service, especially in terms of parking and congestion at the entrance station.  In response to these challenges, a report was completed in 2008 to assess transportation, environmental impacts and visitor experience.   Extensive data on traffic, parking, entrance station volumes and shuttle bus ridership was collected over a two-year period.  The plan recommended that service lanes and a bypass lane at the entrance be added, more parking spaces be constructed near the visitor center and the most popular overlook, realignment of the main park access road, implementation of a pilot shuttle bus service from a nearby community, and modifications to the existing shuttle bus service within the South Rim.  Implementation of these recommendations began almost immediately after the plan was adopted.  The changes that have been implemented thus far have been successful in reducing congestion and improving visitor experience.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 27 Jul 2011 07:20:06 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1099062</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Proposal limits Grand Canyon tours</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1100831</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 02 May 2011 12:16:31 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1100831</guid>
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      <title>Driving the ditch</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/985902</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 10 Nov 2010 12:27:08 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/985902</guid>
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      <title>Restoring the Historic Hermit Road – Context Sensitive Design at the Grand Canyon</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/925140</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Hermit Road is an historic roadway in Grand Canyon National Park, designed and constructed in 1934 – 1935 by the Bureau of Public roads and the National Park Service. It is a scenic roadway, seven miles long, with several overlooks and parking areas that offer the visitor breathtaking views of one of the seven natural wonders of the world. The National Park Service faced two challenges – preserving the historic integrity of the Hermit Road while also rehabilitating a road showing seven decades of age. The overall road condition was poor and did not meet current safety standards. The road was too narrow for safe bus passage, especially when bicyclists and pedestrians are on the road. Pedestrian and bicycle use, combined with shuttle buses, tour buses and other vehicle traffic on this narrow two-lane road, created a safety hazard. To overcome these issues, the Hermit Road was restored in 2008. It was widened and resurfaced; existing overlooks, parking areas, and trails were improved; and a multi-modal greenway trail was constructed. All of these improvements were accomplished with minimal impacts on historic and natural resources. Context sensitive design was incredibly important to the success of this project. This paper will describe the environmental compliance process, roadway design issues, and how historic integrity was maintained within the roadway design.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Aug 2010 08:08:40 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/925140</guid>
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      <title>Rebirth of the Historic Hermit Road</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/919728</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This article briefly describes the restoration of the historic Hermit Road in Grand Canyon National Park in 2008.  The National Park Service faced the challenge of retaining a high level of historic integrity while rehabilitating and improving the road.  Improvements included widening the roadway and resurfacing; enhancement of existing overlooks, parking areas, and trails; construction of formal shuttle bus stops; and the addition of a paved pedestrian and bicycle trail on a separate alignment.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Jun 2010 11:17:20 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/919728</guid>
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      <title>Improving Shuttle Ridership Using Intelligent Transportation System Technologies: National Park Case Study</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/909533</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In Arizona, the Grand Canyon National Park’s south rim experiences severe traffic and parking congestion during the summer. To alleviate the issues, a free pilot shuttle route was operated between the gateway community of Tusayan and the park’s information plaza during the 2008 summer season. During the pilot program, a traveler information system consisting of a portable dynamic message sign and highway advisory radio was implemented along Route 64 with the intent to increase shuttle ridership. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of the intelligent transportation system on shuttle ridership. Data were collected during the pilot program, before and after the implementation of this system. Different analysis methods including multiple linear regression, backpropagation neural network, and support vector regression were applied for analysis. The results found that the support vector regression method performed best in modeling shuttle ridership and associated explanatory variables (traffic volume and system deployment). The results from support vector regression suggested that the traveler information system increased shuttle ridership by 30%, which was consistent with the results from visitor surveys that were completed at the same time as this study. The study showed that the system was effective in shifting visitors from passenger cars to free shuttle buses.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 27 Apr 2010 08:44:38 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/909533</guid>
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      <title>Grand Canyon National Park Dynamic Message Sign (DMS)/Highway Advisory Radio (HAR) Pilot Deployment/Evaluation</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/912815</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Over 4.4 million visitors enjoy Grand Canyon National Park (GRCA) each year. During summer peak season, the Grand Canyon Village area on the park’s South Rim experiences extreme traffic and parking congestion with parking supply falling short of parking demand. To provide visitors with better information on traffic and parking congestion, alternate routes, and other general park information, GRCA submitted a proposal to the Alternative Transportation for Parks and Public Lands (ATPPL) Program administered through the Federal Transit Administration (FTA). GRCA was awarded $193,000 through this program to implement Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), specifically, permanent Highway Advisory Radio (HAR) in four locations. GRCA personnel, however, wondered if a combination of HAR and portable Dynamic Message Signs (PDMS) would be more cost effective and beneficial for providing traveler information. In order to determine if GRCA should purchase the four permanent HAR originally planned or if they should use a combination of HAR and PDMS, a plan was adopted to implement a traveler information system pilot study consisting of a combination of HAR and PDMS during the summer of 2008 and evaluate the results. The traveler information system was deployed along Highway 64, in conjunction with the 2008 summer pilot shuttle bus program from Tusayan to the Canyon View Information Plaza, to help inform visitors of key traveler information for the duration of the pilot shuttle bus program. The pilot shuttle bus ran from June 1 to September 28, 2008. The shuttle offered visitors an opportunity for car-free travel to the park, with the hopes of reducing traffic congestion along Highway 64 through the South Entrance and within Grand Canyon Village, as well as improving access to the Canyon View Information Plaza and South Rim of the Grand Canyon, where parking is limited at key destinations. To enable the park to plan for effective implementation of ITS through its ATPPL grant, the 2008 summer traveler information system pilot study was evaluated. This report summarizes the results of the evaluation of the traveler (PDMS and HAR) information system pilot study deployed for GRCA.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 19 Feb 2010 10:59:13 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/912815</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Preserving a Historic National Park Roadway: The Hermit Road</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/880797</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Hermit Road is a historic roadway in Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona. It was first constructed in 1912 by the Santa Fe Railroad and improved from 1934 to 1935 by the Bureau of Public Roads and the National Park Service. An 8-mi scenic roadway along the south rim of the Grand Canyon, the Hermit Road offers several overlooks and parking areas that give the visitor breathtaking views of one of the seven natural wonders of the world. The original design of this roadway reflects many features of context-sensitive design. Historic features of the roadway include stone masonry walls at overlooks and pullouts, weep holes in masonry walls, and stone culvert headwalls. After seven decades, the Hermit Road was showing its age. The National Park Service faced the challenge of how to retain a high level of historic integrity while also rehabilitating and improving the Hermit Road. The pavement surface was in poor repair; some of the road and overlook historic features were endangered. The narrow road, 18 to 20 ft wide, presented a safety concern. Improvements constructed in 2008 included widening and resurfacing; the enhancement of existing overlooks, parking areas, and trails; and the addition of a pedestrian and bicycle trail on a separate alignment. These improvements were accomplished with minimal impact on historic and natural resources. This paper describes the environmental compliance process, roadway design issues, and how historic integrity was generally retained in the roadway design. The perspectives of historic preservation, environmental protection, resource conservation, and roadway design are presented.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 17 Apr 2009 09:56:58 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/880797</guid>
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