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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>STUDIES ON FILL MATERIAL OF RIVER EMBANKMENT (NOVEMBER 1970)</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/25414</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The quality of materials for river embankment is reviewed from the point of view of soil mechanics, and the use is discussed of a soil classification system for the evaluation of fill materials.  The results of field tests on embankments indicate that dry density and the degree of compaction of the river embankments are considerably lower than those of road embankments.  Soil type of the fill materials and tamping equipment influence the degree of compaction.  The report considers the present state of classification of materials for river embankments, as well as the evaluation of materials by the unified soil classification system.  Investigations (mechanical analysis, consistency test, compaction test) on types of fill materials reveal that the range of the grading curve of the fill material which developed slope rupture due to rainfall may be determined.  Values of density and moisture content are studied and the degree of compaction and void ratio are measured to study their relationship to the field moisture content, uniformity coefficient and cone index.  The cone index (obtained by static penetration test) is useful in considering the trafficability of construction equipment.  The variations of the degree of compaction due to the differences in the method of construction are reviewed, and road embankments are compared with river embankments.  The degree of compaction, degree of saturation and air-void ratios to be used in quality control are discussed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 06 Mar 2003 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/25414</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>STUDY OF AGGREGATES USED FOR CONCRETE IN KUWAIT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/269449</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The research reported in this paper was necessitated by (a) the great volume of local and international building contracts in the Middle East and (b) the search for the reasons behind the phenomenon of extensive concrete deterioration. Petrological classification, and chemical and x-ray analyses were performed on the aggregates used for concrete production in Kuwait. The results indicated that the coarse aggregates contain no deleterious materials and have no potentially adverse reactions. Thus the aggregates are suitable for good concrete production. Fine aggregates in their unwashed condition are contaminated with clay and contain too much fines, which necessitates careful washing before being used. High-quality concrete made with these aggregates should be expected if efficient washing of the sand is made and if proper mix design and workmanship are provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 28 Feb 1986 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/269449</guid>
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      <title>EXPERIMENTS AND THEORIES ON CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY: PART 1 - MIX-DESIGN, MANUFACTURE AND LAYING OF CONCRETE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/153619</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The mix design of concrete must fulfil a number of requirements such as mechanical strength and workability, taking into account the surface effect of moulds and laying techniques.  Using the state of compaction as a criterion, the author investigates the optimum grading, but the problem involves more than one factor.  A number of grading curves are recommended, and the Caquot method is discussed taking into account the reciprocal wall effect between aggregates. To be also taken into consideration are errors due to the heterogeneity of the mixture.  The control of concrete during manufacture must also take account of the volume of the sample taken and its surface/volume ratio, mixing, transport and laying.  To fulfil this aim rheological aspects must be compared to methods of measuring workability.  The factors which influence the characteristics of fresh concrete are internal friction and cohesion.  Vibration of concrete reduces or cancels internal friction and cohesion: liquid state occurs, which facilitates laying and compaction vibration propagation and its effects are studied, taking account of grading and the selective effect of frequencies. (TRRL)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 22 Jul 1980 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/153619</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>EFFECTS OF ADOPTING A VISCOSITY SPECIFICATION FOR ASPHALT CEMENT IN NEW YORK STATE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/149574</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In 1972, the New York Department of Transportation changed from a penetration (77 F) grading specification to a viscosity (140 F) grading specification for asphalt cement. About then, with increasing frequency field engineers reported problems with placement of bituminous concrete and in-service performance that they attributed to changes in asphalt-cement consistency.  This report documents the penetration and viscosity properties of asphalt cements supplied to the state during the years 1968 to 1975 inclusive.  The changes determined are discussed with reference to the problems reported by field engineers. (FHWA)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 26 Jun 1980 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/149574</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>ANALYSIS OF THE CRUSHING AND GRINDING PROCESSES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/80906</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The authors summarize the theories currently used in the crushing and grinding fields.  Mathematical models of grading curves are described and a general equation of crushing is presented, from which the main models used are derived.  Experimental methods for determining crushing functions are outlined.  /TRRL/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 14 Mar 1979 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/80906</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>YELLOWSTONE RIVER GRAVELS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/47885</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The purpose of this investigation was to develop a grading specification that would provide a more satisfactory pavement and be more compatible with source characteristics so they would lessen production and construction difficulties. Conservation of materials, cost savings, decreased asphalt requirements, higher friction surfaces, and mineral filler elimination were associated benefits that appeared to be realizeable as the study progressed. Bituminous pavement mixtures using Yellowstone River aggregates exhibited characteristics associated with over-sanding when produced under the Standard Specifications. This specification nominally limited the -40M fraction to a maximum of 25%, however waivers generally allowed 30% and this figure was often exceeded in production. The high sand fraction in turn required a substantial proportion of fine particles (-80 & -200M) to fill void spaces in the sand. In order to ascertain gradation characteristics of the natural gravel deposits, several sites along the river were chosen for statistical analyses. Data was taken from the files of completed projects which were located at more or less equal distances apart and which provided a large number of samples.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 11 May 1977 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/47885</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SOIL STABILIZATION WITH QUICK LIME /IN FRENCH AND DUTCH/</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/122288</link>
      <description><![CDATA[LABORATORY INVESTIGATIONS INTO THE POSSIBILITY OF STABILIZING SOIL WITH QUICK LIME ON THE CONSTRUCTION SITE OF THE WALLONIE MOTORWAY ARE DESCRIBED. TESTS WERE CARRIED OUT TO DETERMINE THE GRADING CURVE NATURAL WATER CONTENT, DRY BULK DENSITY, PLASTICITY INDEX, CALCAREOUS AND ORGANIC MATTER CONTENT, COEFFICIENT OF PERMEABILITY, FRICTION ANGLE, COMPRESSION INDEX, PROCTOR TEST, AND CBR VALUES. TEST RESULTS SHOW THAT WHEN THE NATURAL WATER CONTENT IS INFERIOR TO 25 PER CENT AND THE MIXTURE CAN BE SATISFACTORILY PREPARED ON THE SITE, THE BEARING CAPACITY OF SILT CAN BE INCREASED BY STABILIZATION WITH QUICK LIME IN ACCORDANCE WITH STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS. ATTENTION IS DRAWN TO THE FACT THAT CLAY CANNOT BE STABILIZED ON A LARGE SCALE BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH WATER CONTENT (30 TO 40 PER CENT). /CRIC/FESR/LCPC/RRL/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 15 Nov 1971 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/122288</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SOIL STABILIZATION WITH LIME /IN FRENCH/</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/122428</link>
      <description><![CDATA[THE PRINCIPLES OF SOIL STABILIZATION (INCREASE IN SOIL STRENGTH RESULTING FROM AN INCREASE IN COHESION AND INTERNAL FRICTION) ARE DISCUSSED ALONG WITH THE VARIOUS STABILIZATION PROCESSES: MECHANICAL COMPACTION, IMPROVEMENT IN GRADING CURVE BY MIXING SOILS VARYING IN COMPOSITION, AND ADDITION OF CEMENT, TAR, LIME AND VARIOUS CHEMICAL PRODUCTS. LIME IS USED FOR CLAYEY SOIL. IT HAS AN IMMEDIATE EFFECT ON THE DECREASE IN MOISTURE CONTENT AND RAISING OF THE PLASTIC LIMIT, AND LONG-TERM EFFECTS: INCREASE IN STRENGTH AND RESISTANCE TO WATER AND FROST. IMMEDIATE EFFECTS ARE USED AS EMERGENCY IN-SITU TREATMENT (LIME PROPORTIONING 1 TO 3 PER CENT OF THE WEIGHT OF THE SOIL); LONG-TERM EFFECTS ARE USED DURING THE PREPARATION OF STABILIZED LOWER AND UPPER BEARING LAYERS (LIVE PROPORTIONING: 5 TO 10 PER CENT OF THE WEIGHT OF THE SOIL). LIME STABILIZATION IS ALWAYS CARRIED OUT IN-SITU. SOME PROBLEMS MAY OCCUR DURING THE STABILIZATION OF SOIL RICH IN ORGANIC MATTERS. /USS/LCPC/RRL/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 19 Sep 1971 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/122428</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>CRACKING OF ROCKS BY FROST: APPLICATIONS TO AGGREGATES /IN FRENCH/</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/108437</link>
      <description><![CDATA[THE ACTION OF FROST ON ROCKS IS DEALT WITH BY ANALYZING THE DIFFERENT PARAMETERS INVILVED IN THE PHENOMENON. A STUDY OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE POROUS MEDIUM OF WHICH ROCKS CONSIST REVEALS THAT THEIR DISORDERS DUE TO FROST OCCUR AT TWO LEVELS: MORE OR LESS OPEN CRACKS IN THE ROCK AND THE POROUS MATRIX SITUATED BETWEEN THESE CRACKS. AGGREGATES POSE ONLY THE PROBLEM OF THE CRACKING OF THE MATRIX, THE CRACKS HAVING BEEN ELIMINATED DURING CRUSHING. THE PROCEDURE ADOPTED FOR TESTING AGGREGATES IS BASED ON THE RESULTS AS A WHOLE OBTAINED IN THIS STUDY. ITS CHARACTERISTICS ARE AS FOLLOWS: THE DURATION OF THE TEST IS REDUCED FROM SIX WEEKS TO ONE WEEK; THE CONDITIONS OF FREEZING ARE CLOSER TO THOSE EXISTING IN PAVEMENTS; THE PROCEDURE IS DIRECTLY APPLICABLE TO AGGREGATES; AND THE SENSITIVITY OF THE ROCK UNDER TEST IS MEASURED BY THE EVOLUTION OF THE GRADING CURVE AND THE LOS ANGELES COEFFICIENTS MEASURED BEFORE AND AFTER THE FREEZING CYCLES. /AUTHOR/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 23 Nov 1970 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/108437</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>FOR A STATISTICAL CONTROL OF CRUSHER RUN MATERIAL FOR DENSE GRADED MIX</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/102507</link>
      <description><![CDATA[IMPROVEMENTS IN THE QUALITY OF ROAD MATERIALS CAN ONLY BE ACHIEVED BY THE USE OF STATISTICAL CONTROL METHODS. IN THE COURSE OF AN ACCEPTANCE CONTROL OF 0-12,5 MILLIMETER CRUSHER -RUN MATERIAL, THE AUTHOR HAS TRIED THROUGH STATISTICAL ANALYSIS TO ESTABLISH' 1/ THAT THERE WAS A CORRELATION BETWEEN DRY AND WET SIEVINGS AND THAT THE SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE WAS SMALL UP TO THE 2 MILLIMETER SIEVE, 2/ THAT A GOOD APPROXIMATION OF THE SAMPLES AVERAGE GRADING CURVE COULD BE OBTAINED BY MIXING AND THEN QUARTERING THROUGH A REDUCING SAMPLER, 3/ THAT THE SIZE OF THE CONTROLLED MATERIAL UNIT BEING TAKEN AS A CUBIC METER, ONE COULD OBTAIN ITS AVERAGE GRADING WITH A GOOD DEGREE OF APPROXIMATION BY TAKING 5 SAMPLES OF ABOUT 4 POUNDS EACH AND DETERMINING THEIR AVERAGE GRADING, 4/ THAT THERE IS A CORRELATION BETWEEN THE 2 MILLIMETER DRY SIEVING AND THE FILLER CONTENT /WET/ AND THAT A POSSIBILITY OF INDIRECT CONTROL OF THE GREATEST VARIATIONS OF THE FINES CONTENT CAN BE INFERRED. THESE CONCLUSIONS COULD LEAD TO STANDARDS FOR A SIMPLE SPECIFICATION OF /OR ACCEPTANCE/ STATISTICAL CONTROL FOUNDED ON THE KNOWLEDGE OF A SIMPLIFIED GRADING /3 OR 4 SIEVES/ THROUGH DRY SIEVING AND ON THE CREATION OF CONTROL CARDS.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 20 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/102507</guid>
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