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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>AN INSTRUMENTED VEHICLE FOR MEASURING AND RECORDING ROAD GEOMETRY DATA</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/269791</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A modular, microprocessor based, data acquisition system developed at the Australian Road Research Board (ARRB) has been employed in the measurement and recording of road geometry data.  The parameters obtained include grade of hills, horizontal and vertical curvature, and cross slope of the pavement.  This information is required by the state road authorities for inclusion in a large data bank on the Australian road network and for other purposes, including ARRB research.  Two accelerometers, a rate gyroscope and pulses generated in the vehicle differential are the inputs to the system.  The microprocessor system samples and processes these signals and performs real time calculations of the required parameters at eight metre intervals at normal road speeds.  The data is smoothed and edited in a manner controlled by keyboard entry and then recorded on cassette tape, and output to a small printer as required. Secondary parameters of advisory speed on curves, short term changes of altitude and direction and relative map co-ordinates can also be obtained on the printer.  The paper describes the techniques employed in the instrumented vehicle.  (Author/TRRL)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Aug 2004 21:56:51 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/269791</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>CALIFORNIA FREEWAY CAPACITY STUDY -- 1956</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/120648</link>
      <description><![CDATA[DURING THE PRESENT STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE FREEWAY SYSTEM IN CALIFORNIA, SOME EXTREMELY HIGH DAILY VOLUMES ARE BEING EXPERIENCED. ONE INTERSECTION OF TWO FREEWAYS HANDLES 319,000 VEHICLES PER DAY. DESPITE HIGH VOLUMES, OPERATION IS NORMAL AT MOST PLACES ON THE SYSTEM. SPEEDS ARE HIGH AND ACCIDENT RATES ARE LOW. EXCEPT FOR ABOUT TWO HOURS A DAY, IT IS POSSIBLE TO AVERAGE 50 MPH FOR ABOUT 28 MILES RIGHT THROUGH THE HEART OF THE CITY OF LOS ANGELES. EIGHTY-THREE PEAK HOUR OBSERVATIONS OF OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS WERE MADE AT 50 LOCATIONS ON 4-, 6-, AND 8-LANE URBAN FREEWAYS. THE OBSERVATIONS AT EACH LOCATION CONSISTED OF RECORDING TRAFFIC COUNTS AND SPEEDS BY 5-MINUTE INTERVALS IN EACH LANE. TRAFFIC WAS CLASSIFIED BY TYPE OF VEHICLE AND DESCRIPTIVE NOTES ON FLOW CHARACTERISTICS WERE MADE. THE REPORT CONTAINS TABLES OF WHOLE-HOUR VOLUMES AND SPEEDS BY LANE FOR EACH OF THESE OBSERVATIONS, AND 37 GRAPHS SHOWING SPEED-VOLUME RELATIONSHIPS AND DISTRIBUTION OF TRAFFIC BY LANES UNDER VARIOUS GEOMETRIC CONDITIONS. /AUTHOR/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 15 Aug 2004 02:36:15 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/120648</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SLOPE STABILIZATION IN HIGHWAYS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/119331</link>
      <description><![CDATA[THE CAUSES OF SLOPE INSTABILITY AND THE STABILIZATION METHODS EMPLOYED ARE DISCUSSED. THE FOLLOWING FACTORS OF SLOPE STABILITY ARE CLASSIFIED' /1/ MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF THE SOIL, /2/ SLOPE CONFIGURATION AND ADJACENT SOIL, /3/ INFLUENCE OF WATER PRESSURE, /4/ DISTRIBUTION OF DISCONTINUITIES, /5/ INTERNAL STRESSES, /6/ GEOMETRIC AND GEOLOGIC DESCRIPTION OF THE SOIL, /7/ MINERALOGY AND THE STUDY OF FRACTURE FILLING MATERIALS, AND /8/ DEGREE OF WEATHERING. THE FOLLOWING METHODS FOR INCREASING SLOPE STABILITY ARE ANALYZED' /1/ REDUCTION OF SLOPE ANGLE, /2/ DRAINAGE, /3/ BERMS, /4/ REINFORCEMENT OF FOOT OF SLOPE, /5/ RETAINING WALLS, /6/ SHEET PILING, /7/ ANCHORING, /8/ FILLING OF WEATHERING CRACKS AND SLOPE COATING, /9/ PLANTING OF SLOPE, /10/ FILLING OF SHRINKAGE CRACKS, AND /11/ GROUTING. BRAZILIAN EXPERIENCE WITH STABILIZATION BY ANCHORING IS ANALYZED AND COMPARED WITH INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 15 Aug 2004 02:18:11 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/119331</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>GEOMETRICS AS AN APPROACH TO MACROSCOPIC THEORIES OF TRAFFIC FLOW</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/117023</link>
      <description><![CDATA[GEOMETRICAL TREATMENTS OF TRANSPORTATION RELATIONSHIPS ARE PRESENTED TO PROVIDE A CONVENIENT METHOD FOR COMPACT STORAGE OF LARGE AMOUNTS OF INFORMATION AND A BASIS FROM WHICH NEW THEORIES MAY BE IDENTIFIED. THE GEOMETRICAL SCHEMA ARE A PART OF A MACROSCOPIC APPROACH TO TRAFFIC FLOW SINCE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ANY GIVEN TRANSPORTATION LINK IS TO BE DEDUCED FROM MEASUREMENTS MADE AT INBOUND AND OUTBOUND CORDON LINES WITHOUT MAKING ANY INTERVENING MEASUREMENTS. THE PURPOSES OF MACROSCOPIC FORMULATION ARE TO PROVIDE BASES FOR MAKING TRAFFIC FLOW THEORY MORE READILY APPLICABLE TO OPERATIONAL PROBLEMS AND TO LINK TRAFFIC FLOW THEORY TO THE LARGER PICTURE OF URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING. THE GEOMETRICAL SCHEMA ADVANCED ARE DELIBERATELY CONSTRUCTED TO REDUCE THE VARIANCE OF ESTIMATES OF TRAFFIC PARAMETERS, NAMELY, SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS AND THE LOADING ON THE SYSTEM.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 13 Aug 2004 18:55:57 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/117023</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>EFFECT OF GEOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF AGGREGATES ON THE FATIGUE RESPONSE OF BITUMINOUS PAVING MIXTURES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/107901</link>
      <description><![CDATA[THREE COARSE AGGREGATES AND TWO FINE AGGREGATES, REPRESENTING BOTH NATURAL AND CRUSHED MATERIALS, WERE TESTED TO MEASURE THE EFFECTS OF THE GEOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF AGGREGATES ON THE FATIGUE RESPONSE OF BITUMINOUS PAVING MIXTURES. RESULTS OF THE INVESTIGATION SHOW THAT THE FATIGUE LIFE OF THE MIXTURE INCREASED WITH THE VALUE OF THE PARTICLE INDEX OF THE FINE AGGREGATE. THE FATIGUE BEHAVIOR OF THE MIXTURES TESTED WAS NOT SIGNIFICANTLY AFFECTED BY THE GEOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE COARSE AGGREGATE, NOR WAS IT AFFECTED BY THE GRADATION OF THE AGGREGATES IN THESE MIXTURES. /AUTHOR/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 30 Apr 2003 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/107901</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>NEURAL NETWORK REPRESENTATIONS FOR ARTERIAL STREET INCIDENT DETECTION DATA FUSION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/475262</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This research considers four neural network representations for detecting incidents on signalized arterials using multiple data sources. Two incident detection algorithms process unique data sources separately: inductive loop detectors, and travel times collected from vehicle probes travelling through the street network. The networks then combine the algorithm inferences about traffic conditions to identify highway links on which incidents are occurring. The four networks consider the following input and structure representations, added incrementally: (1) the two algorithm output values alone; (2) a weighted geometric sum of previous network output values; (3) algorithm scores from links immediately upstream and downstream of the subject link:  and (4) weighted geometric sums of previous input values.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 30 Dec 1998 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/475262</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>PROCESS NOISE AND OPTIMUM OBSERVATION IN CONDITIONAL STOCHASTIC FIELDS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/542067</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Two issues are focused on: respectively, a problem of sequential updating with plural sets of data, and a problem of optimal allocation of observation points within the scope of conditional stochastic fields.  Concerning the first issue, the mathematical and mechanical roles of process noises in the updating process of conditional stochastic fields are discussed.  It is found that the greater the involvement of noises, the more reliably the latest datum is treated in the sequential updating process of plural observation data.  The other issue is appraisal of observation allocation, in which two indices are proposed as rational indicators to examine where observation points are to be selected in order to have efficient updating.  One index is defined as the geometric mean of the ratios of a posteriori standard deviation versus a priori standard deviation of each unknown parameter.  The other one is similarly defined by using a priori and a posteriori standard deviations of responses. Both indices take values from zero to unity, and it is found that a smaller value close to zero means excellent allocation, since the deviation of a posteriori model parameters or responses becomes smaller.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 28 Dec 1998 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/542067</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>GEOMETRIC AND OPERATIONAL GUIDELINES FOR MULTIPLE-LANE RAMP METERS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/484205</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Changes in freeway operating conditions, combined with the advent of preferential lane treatments, has prompted state departments of transportation that used traditional single-lane ramp metering to develop multiple-lane ramp meters.  Due to the small number of states currently using multiple-lane ramp meters and the high degree of variability in their application, the geometric and operational issues associated with applying, designing, and operating this advanced freeway management system are not fully understood.  To address these issues, the geometric, traffic control, and operational characteristics of single-lane and multiple-lane ramp meters were reviewed, and application guidelines for each design strategy were developed. In addition to these application issues, the operation of ramp meters under inclement weather conditions and during non-commuting hours was examined, as well as various performance measures used to evaluate operational ramp metering systems. The application and operational guidelines developed in this paper were used to evaluate the feasibility of deploying multiple-lane ramp meters on the Capital Beltway and Interstate 95 in the Maryland suburbs of Washington, D.C.  From this feasibility study, it was determined that several interchanges along the two freeway sections evaluated could accommodate and potentially benefit from multiple-lane ramp meters.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 10 Jun 1998 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/484205</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>REVIEW OF SDDOT'S FIELD COLLECTED ROADWAY DATA</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/472694</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The South Dakota Department of Transportation (SDDOT) collects and processes a vast amount of roadway data to support internal and external analysis and design systems.  These data are collected by different offices within the SDDOT, are collected by a variety of techniques, and are used for many different purposes.  This report presents findings from an evaluation of the SDDOT's roadway data collection procedures and processes. The following roadway data elements are considered:  traffic, roughness, rutting, friction, falling weight deflections, videolog images, distresses, faulting, and geometrics.  Current practices within the Department are evaluated, as are practices within other agencies and Federal initiatives.  Within the Department, issues such as data accuracy, timeliness, and value are assessed by soliciting input from a broad range of data users through a series of interviews and a widely distributed questionnaire.  The data collection process is examined, with the objective of identifying procedural means of improvement. Each data element is tracked, including steps such as data collection, reduction from raw data into summary data, data entry, data use, and feedback.  Components of the process that can benefit from streamlining are identified, and areas where improvements can be effected are also indicated.  Process improvements include additional training for data collectors and modifications to the quality control efforts that are currently in place.  Automation of the distress survey data collection is an alternative that should be considered if the Department wishes to implement a comprehensive pavement data collection plan.  Specific recommendations regarding improving the SDDOT's data collection procedures are also presented.  These include the development of a manual for each data collection effort that either includes or references protocols for the data item.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 12 Feb 1998 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/472694</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>EVALUATION OF TWO COMPUTATIONAL TECHNIQUES OF CALCULATING MULTIPATH USING GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM CARRIER PHASE MEASUREMENTS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/466188</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Two computational techniques are used to calculate differential phase errors on Global Positioning System (GPS) carrier war phase measurements due to certain multipath-producing objects. The two computational techniques are a rigorous computational electromagnetic technique called Geometric Theory of Diffraction (GTD) and the other half is a simple ray tracing method.  The results from the two techniques are compared to GPS differential carrier phase taken on the ground using a GPS receiver in the presence of typical International Space Station (ISS) interference structures.  The calculations produced using the GTD code compared to the measured results better than the ray tracing technique.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 03 Feb 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/466188</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE GROUND TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS (GTS) PROJECT FOR HEAVY VEHICLE DRAG REDUCTION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/468165</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A wind tunnel experimental research program was conducted on a heavily instrumented Ground Transportation System (GTS) vehicle. The GTS baseline model represented a generic 1:8 scale Class-8 van-type tractor trailer geometry.  Five base drag reduction add-on devices, instrumented with surface pressure ports, were also tested.  These add-on devices included two ogive boattail shapes and three slant geometry devices.  Six component force and moment data, surface pressure contours, and wake velocity surveys are presented for each configuration along with qualitative insights gained from flow visualization.  This wind tunnel program was designed to complement a parallel research effort in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) which modeled many of these same vehicle geometrics.  The wind tunnel data are documented and archived in ASCII format on floppy discs and available to researchers interested in further analysis or comparison to other CFD solutions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 25 Nov 1996 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/468165</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>PASSIVE RECOVERY OF SCENE GEOMETRY FOR AN UNMANNED GROUND VEHICLE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/465459</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The goal of this project was to develop techniques for constructing three-dimensional descriptions of outdoor scenes to support the navigational needs of an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV), operating both during the day and at night.  In this report we describe our progress in four areas: stereo evaluation; scene sketch; spatiotemporal filtering; and FLIR stereo.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 25 Nov 1996 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/465459</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>CROSS-VALIDATED ASSESSMENT OF GEOMETRIC ACCURACY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/468250</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The recent emphasis on metadata standards must be accompanied by vigilance in unbiased reporting of geometric accuracy. A cross-validation technique is shown to be capable of providing more accurate estimates of geometric error than the traditional method of using transformation residuals when modest numbers of ground control points are available. This method also provides a much more accurate indication of the effects of choosing different polynomial orders.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 04 Nov 1996 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/468250</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>PROFILE AND FRICTIONAL CAPACITY OF EMBEDDED ANCHOR CHAINS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/451541</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Previously published techniques for determining the force distribution and geometric profile of an embedded anchor chain involve numerical solution by an incremental integration method. Closed-form expressions for load development and chain profile have been derived by rationalizing the problem.  These expressions simplify the procedure for predicting the load and inclination of an embedded chain at some connection point in the soil.  Extensive laboratory test results corroborate with the analytical work.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Oct 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/451541</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DESIGN AND APPLICATION OF QUASISTATIC CRUSH TEST FIXTURE FOR INVESTIGATING SCALE EFFECTS IN ENERGY ABSORBING COMPOSITE PLATES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/405918</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A crush test fixture for measuring energy absorption of flat plate specimens from an earlier study was redesigned to eliminate the problem of binding of the load transfer platen with the guide posts.  Further modifications were to increase the stroke, and combine the two scaled text fictures into one. This new crush text fixture was shown to produce load-displacement histories exhibiting well developed sustained crushing loads over long strokes.  An experimental study was conducted on two material systems: AS4/3502 graphite/epoxy, and a hybrid AS4-Kevlar/3502 composite.  The effect of geometric scaling of specimen size, the effect of ply level  and sublaminate-level scaling of the stacking sequence of the full scale specimens, and the effect of trigger mechanism on the energy absorption capability were investigated.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 27 Sep 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/405918</guid>
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