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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
    <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=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" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
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    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>Evaluating Electrical Resistivity as a Procedure to Aid in Characterizing Subsurface Conditions</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2617012</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Iowa DOT Soils Design section participated in the Demonstration Stage of the Advanced Geotechnical Exploration Methods (A-GaME) initiative. The A-GaME initiative sought to promote the use of advanced geotechnical methods as a means to reduce cost in subsurface investigation. One of the proven geophysical methods promoted is known as Electrical Resistivity (ER). In response to the A-Game Initiative, the IDOT Soils Design Section has investigated electrical resistivity (ER) as a novel technique to aid with subsurface investigation. Soils Design proposed to apply ER to evaluate if the technology could result in: (1) a reduced number of borings, (2) an enhanced understanding of subsurface conditions and site variability, (3) identification of depth to bedrock, and (4) overall reduction in geotechnical subsurface investigation costs.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 07 Nov 2025 11:36:21 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2617012</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Clay and Shale LRFD Design Criteria for Drilled Shaft Foundations</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2604567</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Texas Department of Transportation's (TxDOT) geotechnical design guidance has transitioned from using Texas Cone Penetrometer (TCP) boring logs and capacity correlations to design drilled shaft foundation elements with American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials' Load and Resistance Factor Design (AASHTO LRFD) investigations and resistance-based design methods. The research team will optimize TxDOT's drilled shaft design methods and resistance factors for clay and shale in accordance with TxDOT's specific soil and construction conditions. The research team will develop a likelihood map of shale for a district selected by TxDOT.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 29 Sep 2025 16:35:38 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2604567</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Implementation Report - Expanded Database for Service Limit State Calibration of Immediate Settlement of Bridge Foundations on Soil</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2536995</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This implementation report presents an expanded database for calibration of the SE load factor for foundation movements in the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications. The expanded database includes information from several state Departments of Transportation as well as other sources. Statistics are presented based on data from each source. Recommended values of SE load factors are developed. The effect of local geology and subsurface investigation techniques on the predicted values of SE load factors is discussed. This report will also serve as a useful reference for future researchers as well as agencies desiring to develop SE load factors based on local methods that are better suited to their regional geologies and subsurface investigation techniques.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 26 Apr 2025 19:00:52 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2536995</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Geophysical Methods in Survey and Geotechnical Monitoring of Foundations and Underlying Soils</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2407772</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Article presents experience on implementation of geophysical methods on geotechnical monitoring and surveying of building foundation and underlying soils. Studied methods of electric-contact dynamic probing, seismoacoustic sounding and seismic exploration using reflected transversal waves allow to assess changes of state in building structures and soils affected by unfavourable geological processes. Geophysical methods allow to reveal dynamics of changes in soil properties during over the course of geotechnical investigations at the initial stage of construction and at the time of building operation. Application of geophysical methods on a number of buildings at the Vnukovo airport complex studied in the article. The investigations were done on an open-type car-parks located at the airport’s landside and on one of the airport terminals. During investigations, depth of the foundations and their condition, alongside with physical and mechanical properties of the underlying soils, were determined. Structure of underlying soil stratification up to a depth of 40–50 m was studied to detail the structure of the geological cross section, as well as to identify weakened zones that are potentially dangerous for the airport terminal in question. Analysis of the obtained results showed that the most informative way is to use geophysical methods in combination with the results of previously performed surveys, and direct methods for determining the physical and mechanical properties of soils and building materials.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 21 Mar 2025 09:36:16 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2407772</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Assessment of the State of the Geological Section at the Site of Railway Tunnel Construction Using Non-destructive Control Methods</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2407728</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The article presents the main results of research in the field of control of the geological section at the site of the transport tunnels. The relevance of the research is due to the difficult mining and geological conditions, the scale of such work in the country and the shortcomings of existing methods for assessing the geological environment. Purpose of the study is a development of a set of methods for controlling a geological section to obtain reliable information that ensures effective decisions on the choice of mining technologies at the site of construction of transport tunnels. Objects: rock mass (geological environment), transport tunnel, lithotypes, rock layers, geomechanical contacts. Methods: geological survey, seismoacoustic control of the geological environment, geoelectric profiling of a mine roof, system analysis and synthesis of control results, complexing of geophysical technologies. Results. An objective assessment of the existing methods for assessing the state of the geological environment at the construction site of transport tunnels is given. An effective method for investigating a geological section in a mining area with the use of a rational complex of non-destructive testing methods is proposed. The quality of the assessment of the state of the geoenvironment required for the choice of the tunnel construction technology is ensured by a large-scale verification of the results in practice.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 19 Mar 2025 10:12:10 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2407728</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Improve Utility Investigations through AI Data Fusion and Reliable Quality Assessments</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2437689</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Identifying and documenting existing utility facilities within the proposed right-of-way (ROW) is crucial for successful project delivery. There is a need to leverage data collection technology’s strengths and minimize weaknesses for a more robust and reliable determination of utility locations and develop and test metrics to assess the utility investigation quality levels in ways that make sense to project design teams. Improvements will lead to a better stakeholder understanding to communicate the quality levels commonly used by the SUE industry (D, C, B, and A), the basis for assessing utility investigation deliverable quality, and would be able to tie quality levels to quantifiable performance metrics such as positional accuracy, error, and completeness, which are common in engineering and surveying when collecting field data for a project.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 03 Oct 2024 10:31:18 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2437689</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Mapping Subsurface Conditions for Transportation Applications</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2422981</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Geophysical methods including Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW) using both Rayleigh and Love waves, P-wave refraction, Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR), Capacitively-Coupled Resistivity (CCR), Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT), Ground Penetration Radar (GPR), and Electromagnetic Ground Conductivity (EM31) were used for bedrock mapping and slope stability investigations for several Arkansas Department of Transportation (ARDOT) transportation projects. In Phase I, all geophysical methods were applied for two ARDOT test sites to investigate the advantages and limitations of each method. Based on the performance of each method in Phase I, the potential non-invasive geophysical methods best suited for slope stability investigations and bedrock mapping were identified. These methods were then implemented in Phase II for several ongoing ARDOT transportation projects. For slope stability with a shallow and complex bedrock topography, which is the case for most ARDOT projects, a combination of HVSR, MASW, and ERT or P-wave refraction was observed to be viable. For such sites, a 3D image of bedrock topography is a key factor required for the development of a detailed slope stability model. In this regard, the HVSR is proposed as an effective tool when used in conjunction with other geophysical methods to create a 3D map of bedrock topography in a simple, rapid, cost-effective, and accurate manner.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 06 Sep 2024 09:27:04 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2422981</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Dike Breach Repair Design in Inundated, Scoured Conditions</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2190818</link>
      <description><![CDATA[On June 7, 2006, the Geary Dike on the Upper Klamath Lake in Southern Oregon unexpectedly collapsed. The breach inundated 2,800 acres of predominantly farmlands and recreational areas. An important highway link was closed and required emergency action and repair. The dike owner wanted to repair the breach prior to the summer season. This case study summarizes the investigation, design tasks, and breach closure construction. Subsurface conditions consist generally of very soft diatomaceous silt and clayey silt to an estimated 200 feet. A bathymetric survey revealed the breach scoured a long channel up to 24 feet below the original ground surface. The challenges that the design had to address were the difficulty in sampling and characterizing the foundation soils, the risk of foundation failure with single stage construction across the deep scour channel, and restricted construction access. The solution utilized lightweight volcanic cinders to reduce the embankment loading on the very soft, normally consolidated, weak foundation soils. This allowed it to be constructed in a single stage below the water surface.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 23 Aug 2024 16:53:43 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2190818</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Advancing Subsurface Investigations Beyond the Borehole with Passive Seismic Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratio and Electromagnetic Geophysical Methods and Transportation Infrastructures in New Hampshire</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2381769</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Geotechnical site characterization sometimes fails to fully characterize the below-ground bedrock surface and hydrologic conditions using conventional borings. By combining geophysical and boring data analysis, transportation projects can produce a more thorough and accurate representation of geotechnical subsurface conditions, reducing the disruption work plans, forced revision of designs, and cost increases from schedule delays, claims, or change orders. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with New Hampshire Department of Transportation (NHDOT) surveyed transportation infrastructure sites using rapidly deployable geophysical methods to assess benefits added to a comprehensive site characterization with traditional techniques. Horizontal-to-vertical spectral-ratio (HVSR) passive-seismic and electromagnetic induction (EMI) methods were applied at four sites including a roadway-stream crossing, roadway-bridge rail-trail crossing, commuter-parking expansion, and a railroad-adjacent river-cutback slope-failure site, Additionally, ground-penetrating radar (GPR) was used at the slope-failure site. Typically, at transportation projects, subsurface geotechnical properties are determined from boring data; however, borings are often spaced hundreds of feet apart, potentially missing important spatial variability between boreholes. Geotechnical site characterization including geophysical surveys helped to provide a more accurate characterization by using continuous or near continuous profiling.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 07 Jun 2024 16:59:26 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2381769</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Cone Penetration Testing for Illinois Subsurface Characterization and Geotechnical Design</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2379736</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This project sets the stage for implementing a cone penetration testing (CPT) practice in the state of Illinois, providing recommendations for using and interpreting CPT soundings in subsurface investigations. This study also contributes to modernizing Illinois Department of Transportation (IDOT) policy to current CPT-related practices adopted in other departments of transportation, which is consistent with recommendations from the Federal Highway Administration. Toward the goals of this project, CPT soundings across the nine districts of the state of Illinois have been conducted, and available CPT data at IDOT have been evaluated. The generated data have been uniformly processed, generating a database of 156 CPTs distributed across the nine districts. The database also includes shear wave velocity profiles at 28 locations and pore pressure dissipation tests at 45 locations. In addition, information (editable and non-editable) provided by IDOT has been carefully examined. The provided information consisted of boreholes with standard penetration test (SPT) data and laboratory tests on collected Shelby tubes. This information has been used to develop SPT-CPT correlations that can be applied in the state of Illinois and to provide examples of interpreting seismic piezocone test (SCPTu) data in the context of laboratory testing. Due to the several independent, fast, and reliable measurements that can be conducted in a CPT sounding and the fact that they can be done cost effectively, CPT soundings are increasingly being preferred for in situ testing, and their adoption at IDOT is a positive step forward and consistent with the best practices at other United States departments of transportation.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 21 May 2024 10:53:41 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2379736</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>3D Full-Waveform Tomography of Standard Penetration Test-Seismic Wavefields in Karst Florida Limestone</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2370905</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The shallow subsurface across large parts of Florida consists of weathered karst limestone, a spatially variable porous stratigraphy with significant influence in the design and load capacity of deep foundations. For reliable load transfer of the super structure into the bearing soil/rock, detection of voids and weak zones is crucial. This study investigated the capabilities of a recently developed standard penetration test (SPT)-seismic testing method for characterizing a large volume of soil/rock properties with a single SPT. The method utilizes a three-dimensional full-waveform inversion (3D FWI) of wavefields induced by SPT blows at depths (in-depth source) to characterize the subsurface around the SPT borehole. A site in Florida that presents shallow, surface karst limestone, was the location of a field experiment that consisted of two 36- ×?18-m areas, each with an SPT at the area center. Seismic wavefields induced by SPT blows at depth were recorded by 72 vertical geophones on the ground surface and analyzed by the 3D FWI. The results revealed that subsurface soil/rock properties were characterized in submeter pixels over a large 3D domain of 24?×?36?×?18?m (depth?×?length?×?width). Multiple voids at various depths from 5 to 17?m were successfully detected at the site and confirmed by SPT data. The results suggested that the SPT-seismic method is an efficient tool for site investigation, as a bridge pier or pile group could be designed with only one SPT.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 24 Apr 2024 17:19:20 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2370905</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Assessing the stability conditions of a slope movement in Northern Italy interacting with the provincial road network</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2319366</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Landslides can have devastating consequences on communities and the environment, including loss of life, destruction of homes and infrastructure, and loss of valuable natural resources. In particular, slope movements involving transport infrastructures such as roads and railways can have a significant impact both in terms of network efficiency and safety for vehicles to use. Therefore, it is extremely important to be aware of the potential risks and take the necessary precautions to mitigate the effect of these phenomena. The case study described in this paper deals with a landslide interacting with a provincial road, which represents the main connection between the city of Berceto (Italy) and the Cisa Motorway. Due to the importance of this road, and after the occurrence of several instability events over the years, a series of investigations were carried out in order to gather information regarding the geological features of the site and to provide a preliminary assessment of the stability of the area. The geological and geomorphological evidences collected during the survey point to a condition of general slope instability, characterized by different states of activity. This is confirmed by the results obtained from the execution of a series of stability analyses based on the Limit Equilibrium Method (LEM), which also underlined the influence of the water level variation on the general stability of the area.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 22 Apr 2024 17:08:02 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2319366</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Draft Report for Geoarchaeological Survey Methods for Enhanced Decision Making in the Ohio Department of Transportation’s Project Development Process</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2325964</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT) Office of Statewide Planning & Research, Research Section contracted Gray & Pape, Inc., to conduct research to provide a comparison of geophysical survey methods, instruments, equipment, and associated software to determine what instrument or combination of instruments works best in different scenarios. The goal of the research is to provide the recommendations necessary for the Office of Environmental Services (OES) to establish a geophysical survey program. Gray & Pape, Inc., conducted a literature review, and the results provide two main conclusions: 1) the rate of success of a geophysical survey increases as more technologies are used; and 2) the more diverse the types of geophysical equipment used on a particular project, the more likely it is that the geophysical surveys will yield quality data that can be used to help guide future decisions. Gray & Pape, Inc., recommends that the ODOT’s Unmanned Aircraft Systems Center (UAS) operate the geophysical survey program under a cooperative agreement with OES, and with the support of archaeologists from that office. Leveraging in-house capabilities will make the geophysical program operational, sustainable, and successful; save labor and expense costs under this research project that can be allocated for more investment into reconfiguring and upgrading in-house instruments; and purchase new instruments, software, and licensing, which will ultimately provide a higher return on investment and a more operationally sound, sustainable, and successful program than thought possible as this research project was originally conceived—to build the geophysical survey program capacity within OES alone.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 29 Jan 2024 13:14:41 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2325964</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Implementation of Electrical Resistivity Imaging Manual</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2292747</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) annually encounters a substantial number of claims and change orders that have a detrimental effect on project costs and schedules. State Departments of Transportation (DOTs) spend approximately $10 million annually on geotechnical-related change orders, accounting for about 7% of the total expenditures associated with claims, change orders, and cost overruns in highway and bridge projects. Insufficient subsurface information and soil mischaracterization significantly contribute to such cost overruns and delays in up to 50% of all infrastructure projects. Inadequate and inaccurate subsurface information results from inherent limitations of conventional geotechnical site investigation methods, as they are unable to provide a continuous assessment of subsurface conditions. Despite the advantages of advanced geophysical methods, such as Electrical Resistivity Imaging (ERI), in enhancing geotechnical analysis, these technologies are underutilized by state DOTs because of a lack of proven implementation details for different applications, geotechnical conditions, and operational environments. This project aims to enhance TxDOT’s existing subsurface investigations by highlighting the potential applications of the ERI technology and offering best practices for a successful implementation of the ERI by (1) implementing the ERI manual developed in TxDOT Project 0-7008 on 10-15 projects in Fort Worth and Dallas districts to improve geotechnical analysis, (2) refining the ERI manual to present lessons learned from the implementation of the ERI on real projects, (3) developing five case studies to illustrate the successful implementation of ERI for various project types and distributing them to all 25 TxDOT districts, (4) conducting cost analysis for implementing the ERI manual for all districts, and (5) conducting outreach activities to present the ERI manual and implementation results to potential TxDOT districts to facilitate the adoption of the manual.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 28 Nov 2023 16:10:46 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2292747</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Predicting subsurface classification in 2D from cone penetration test data</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2264588</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Uncertainty is inevitable in the characterisation of a geotechnical site, especially due to the inherently heterogeneous nature of the ground. In this paper, a method for characterising a subsurface with limited cone penetration test (CPT) data is proposed. The method is based on integrating predictions of CPT parameters with a probabilistic approach for subsoil classification at the CPTs. The predicted stratigraphy is able to capture the spatial variability of soil measured via CPTs and takes account of the uncertainties that arise from transforming CPT measurements into soil units as well as errors in the measurements themselves. The applicability of the proposed method is demonstrated for a site in the Netherlands. The results show that the proposed approach can identify the most likely classification in the domain with good accuracy. Furthermore, the significance of considering the uncertainties in predicting the most likely classification is illustrated via finite element stability analyses of a slope cut-out in the domain.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 09 Nov 2023 09:19:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2264588</guid>
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