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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>A PROBABILISTIC APPROACH TO GEOLOGY IN HARD-ROCK TUNNELING</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/28572</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The report presents an approach for evaluating alternative strategies for construction of hard-rock tunnels on the basis of expected cost. Central to the proposed approach is the use of subjective degree-of-belief probability in the evaluation of geologic conditions. Subjective probability is used as a quantitative measure of a geologist's uncertainty about the existence of various geologic conditions along the tunnel alignment. The general conclusion of the report is that the proposed approach will lead to a more thorough analysis of the uncertainties involved in predicting geologic conditions, and of the costs of employing various construction strategies in various geologic settings. The approach will not reduce the uncertainties in tunneling, but will lead to the selection of that construction strategy which is most likely to perform successfully and economically in any given hard-rock tunnel.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 10 Sep 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>SUMMARY OF GEOLOGIC AND HYDROLOGIC INFORMATION PERTINENT TO TUNNELING IN SELECTED URBAN AREAS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/23784</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A summary of the available geologic and hydrologic information pertinent to tunneling technology and underground construction for 34 U.S. urban areas is presented. Each summary includes a map showing the area of coverage, the geologic and ground water situation to a depth of 200 feet, special features related to tunneling, and a list of sources. Selected urban areas surveyed were: Atlanta, Baltimore, Boston, Providence, Buffalo, Chicago, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Columbus, Dallas, Denver, Detroit, Fort Lauderdale, Fort Worth, Houston, Indianapolis, Kansas City, Los Angeles, Louisville, Memphis, Miami, Milwaukee, Minneapolis, St. Paul, New Orleans, New York City, Philadelphia, Trenton, Phoenix, Pittsburgh, Portland, St. Louis, San Antonio, San Diego, San Francisco, Seattle, Washington, D.C.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 29 May 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>FACTORS INFLUENCING THE PERFORMANCE OF FULL FACE HARD ROCK TUNNEL BORING MACHINES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/144018</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report considers the major factors influencing full face hard rock tunnel boring machine (TBM) performance, both in terms of machine boreability (rock-tool interaction) and machine utilization. It is not intended to encompass all aspects of machine performance, but to concentrate on the principle elements affecting penetration rate and tool wear, and their methods of prediction, as well as the geologic factors influencing utilization. The importance of machine design and the interrelation with the tunnel environment is emphasized. Ability to place support and/or reinforcement close to the tunnel face, maintain machine stability, and cope with excessive ground water has a major effect on overall progress. Aside from information from field investigations, basic points are illustrated with case histories (European) from the literature. Rock-tool interaction is reviewed to assess the major factors influencing TBM boreability from three separate, although related methods. First, numerical models are considered with a view to their predictive potential and the foundation for a theoretical understanding of tool interaction. Second, physical models simulating the excavation process and prototype machine behaviour are discussed. These laboratory and field studies represent the major source of information from which a fundamental and practical understanding of rock-tool-machine interaction has evolved. Finally, the indices and index tests widely employed for TBM boreability predictions are evaluated. This report provides conclusions and recommendations regarding TBM operations as well as a list of references.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 11 Feb 1980 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF HIGHWAY CUTS IN ROCK</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/41521</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Following the recommendations of the study reported by Hamel and Flint 1969, PDH Research Project No. 41472, evaluation of potential sliding areas on LR 1021 was made. The purpose of this study was to develop design criteria for cut slopes in rock based on data obtained from instrumented slopes, supplemented by laboratory testing of representative samples. However, due to construction delays a decision was made to terminate the subject project until 1976. For this reason, only the preliminary study of the slump bench near station 342 was made and reported.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 13 Jul 1976 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF COMPACTED SHALE EMBANKMENTS. VOLUME 1. SURVEY OF PROBLEM AREAS AND CURRENT PRACTICES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/42568</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The purpose of the three-phase study is to develop design and construction methodologies that will enable shales causing settlements and slope failure in highway embankments in the past to be identified and used successfully in future construction. During the first year's work (Phase I), state and federal agencies were contacted. Information obtained on the extent and types of problems, possible causes, and problem formations is discussed, and current highway practices are summarized. Physical and chemical weathering of shale placed as rock fill is a primary cause of problems. Nine states do not permit shale to be placed as rock fill, and seven states allow placement as rock fill with special provisions. Corps of Engineers and Bureau of Reclamation experiences indicate that heavy compaction equipment and relatively thin lifts produce well compacted embankments having no problems. Data from 16 projects indicate that saturated compacted shale materials have low shear strengths. A review of shale composition, factors contributing to degradation, and laboratory testing emphasizes the importance of mineralogy and slake-durability characteristics. The natural variability of shales collected from formations in five geologic age groups is described.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 13 Jul 1976 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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