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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
    <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>Fusing Information From Multi-Sensors and High-Definition Maps for Continuous and Precise Positioning in Autonomous Driving Services</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2658865</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Pursuing accurate positioning, especially in the lateral direction is a challenging issue in autonomous driving services. However, the commonly used GNSS/INS is often subjected to signal blockages, resulting in rapid divergence for the inertial system in complex urban environments. With the advent and advancement of high-definition (HD) maps, the absolute coordinate information they store can serve as excellent positioning resources. In this case, we propose a real-time and continuous positioning method that fuses multiple information of vehicle-mounted sensors (GNSS, INS, vision, DMI) and HD maps, along with a complete workflow for utilizing commercial HD maps for high-precision positioning. The lane lines are automatically detected from images using a deep learning module, and the corresponding map data is extracted based on the vehicle’s approximate position. Road shape registration is performed to construct measurement equations by iteratively matching the projected and detected lane lines. Finally, the system refines its states with a tightly-coupled INS/DMI/LAN fusion model to acquire reliable positioning results when the GNSS signal is unavailable. Additionally, to address the challenges of encryption offset and missing elevation data in HD maps, an automatic map offset calibration and online height estimation method is proposed using open environment data. The field experiments demonstrate that in a GNSS-denied tunnel environment, the system can maintain centimeter-level accuracy in the lateral direction during a 200-second GNSS signal outage.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 28 May 2026 17:09:35 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2658865</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Implementation of Multitemporal Synthetic Aperture Radar for Ground Hazard Risk Monitoring on Railway Right of Way</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2620575</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Railway transportation has been the backbone of national economies worldwide. When geohazards occur and damage the network, they affect railway operations, resulting in delays and detrimental social and economic effects. A potential tool for monitoring the vast network for geohazards is satellite-based radars. Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) may be used to study a wide range of geophysical phenomena. Its ability to study geohazards is frequently constrained by several challenges stemming from adverse atmospheric effects and wave scattering associated with site conditions and terrain characteristics. The authors have developed the framework of a monitoring system that uses satellite radar imagery analysis for identifying geohazard-prone locations through continuous monitoring of large regions. This paper discusses one implementation of multitemporal InSAR techniques that includes the new concept of a “Rolling SAR Image Stack.” In addition, it introduces three postprocessing techniques that enable the detection of critical locations where geohazard failures may initiate along the railway right of way before an event takes place. A site characterization and classification guide is introduced to facilitate the selection of the most effective SAR analysis method for monitoring the area of interest. The guide considers on-site conditions affecting the quality and availability of radar data. This paper summarizes the investigations, methodologies, and approaches that led to the development of the workflow of the proposed monitoring system and demonstrates the ability of the proposed monitoring framework to identify critical locations of geohazard failure potential through implementation case studies.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 07 Nov 2025 11:30:16 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2620575</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Regional-scale bridge condition monitoring using InSAR displacements and environmental data</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2571972</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This article introduces a novel methodology for detecting and classifying anomalies in multiple bridges within a geographical region using satellite-based interferometric synthetic aperture radar displacements and environmental measures. The approach uses subspace alignment to harmonize bridge features, enabling the detection of anomalies based on deviations in one bridge compared to the rest of the population. Simulated and real case studies involving steel railway bridges spanning the Po River in Italy demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, showcasing its potential for large-scale applications. Moreover, the study explores the transferability of knowledge from simulated data to real-world monitoring scenarios, yielding promising results in classifying real instances using synthetic labels. The proposed approach presents practical benefits for bridge monitoring agencies by providing a cost-effective method for enhancing the resilience and safety of transportation infrastructure.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 25 Sep 2025 09:30:56 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2571972</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Method of Improving Incomplete Spatialoral Data in Inland Navigation, on the Basis of Industrial Camera Images - West Oder River Case Study</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1929800</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Main aim of the paper is to use a single non-metric camera to support the determination of the position of. Authors propose to use the existing infrastructure of CCTV cameras mounted on bridges and wharves to determine the position of inland waterway vessels. Image from cameras giving the pixel coordinates of moving object is transformed to the geodetic data domain using a modified projective transformation method. Novel approach is to use of Sequential Projection Transformation (SPT) which additionally uses virtual reference points. The transformation coefficients calculated using the virtual points are used to determine the position of the vessels and are also simultaneously used to calibrate the industrial camera. The method has been verified under real conditions, and the results obtained are average 30% more accurate compared to the traditionally used projective transformation using a small number of real points.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 25 Mar 2022 12:08:02 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1929800</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Proving compliance of Satellite InSAR Technology with Geotechnical Design Codes</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1909109</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In the planning stage of new infrastructure or when designing renovation of existing infrastructure, information about existing slope movements or settlements is essential to make informed design decisions. Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) techniques can be of value to identify these risks in a early stage of a project. InSAR can offer insight into the surface movements of an area from historic archives using satellite-based SAR data. Furthermore, InSAR observations can help identify zones with displacements larger than the average of an area, and be used to plan future soil investigation more effectively. Thanks to their high temporal and spatial resolution, InSAR observations can also complement in-situ conventional monitoring during the construction and operational stage. Despite these possibilities, the use of InSAR is not yet standard practice in geotechnical projects and no formal guidelines are currently available to inform engineers, planners and infrastructure stakeholder on the use of InSAR-based monitoring within geotechnical design codes. Here we provide an operational framework for the practical integration of InSAR monitoring into current geotechnical design codes, such as Eurocode-7, for all project stages. The proposed framework is then demonstrated for the planning stage of a highway renovation project, focusing on an area potentially subjected to landslides where no conventional monitoring data was available at this stage. We concluded that the proposed framework is a practical and operational tool that can be used by planners and engineers in the whole lifecycle of an infrastructure project.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 28 Feb 2022 09:40:57 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1909109</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Adaptive geodesic feedback controller design for the quadrotor</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1869203</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In this paper, a non-linear adaptive control method based on SO(3) for the quadrotor attitude tracking is proposed. Distinct from other control methods on Euclidean space, the controller proposed is developed on SO(3), which can avoid singularities and ambiguities. Besides, the geodesic on SO(3) is used to provide the shortest curve between the current attitude configuration and the desire attitude configuration. Then, a feedback controller based on geodesic is derived. To solve the problem that the inertial tensor of the quadrotor is unknown, an adaptive term is designed with the Lyapunov theory to estimate the inertial tensor. Thus, the almost global asymptotic stability of the quadrotor attitude tracking is achieved without the prior knowledge of the quadrotor inertia tensor. The numerical simulations are utilised to show better control performance of the adaptive geodesic feedback control method.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 06 Oct 2021 09:40:53 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1869203</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Availability of the GNSS Geodetic Networks Position during the Hydrographic Surveys in the Ports</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1672465</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Geodetic network GNSS receivers are more commonly associated with positioning systems used in maritime hydrography. In terms of positioning accuracy when no terrain obstacles are present, they meet international hydrographic surveys standards (S-44) fully. Those standards are defined as 1m (0.95) for Exclusive Order and 2m (0.95) for Special Order. It is equally as important to ensure access to position which error is not higher than above mentioned maximum values. This is most often determined by the density of port infrastructure. This article presents the results of analysis of availability of hydrographic system that operates based on geodetic GNSS networks. Hydrographic surveys in question were undertaken in inner basins with diverse infrastructure. Three representative types of ports were selected for this reason: fishing type (Hel), medium sized, modern commercial type (Gdynia) and highly congested, narrow canal type (Gdansk – Motlawa). A non-public, geodetic GNSS network was used for all surveys. It is worth mentioning that the above network is at the moment the only available network that provides both GPS and GLONASS corrections. The surveys provided evidence that geodetic GNSS networks can be successfully utilised to determine position of hydrographic vessel in low and moderately developed ports as well as in Exclusive and Special Orders. In highly congested ports however, the availability of the above mentioned method of measurement can be insufficient to realise a survey.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 18 Feb 2020 10:20:33 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1672465</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Use of a Least Squares with Conditional Equations Method in Positioning a Tramway Track in the Gdansk Agglomeration</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1672585</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Satellite measurement techniques have been used for many years in different types of human activity, including work related to staking out and making use of rail infrastructure. First and foremost, satellite techniques are applied to determine the tramway track course and to analyse the changes of its position during its operation. This paper proposes using the least squares with conditional equations method, known in geodesy (LSce). When applied, this method will allow for improvement of the final determination accuracy. This paper presents a simplified solution to the LSce alignment problem. The simplification involves replacement of the parameter binding equations with equivalent observational equations with properly selected weights. The results obtained with such a solution were demonstrated with a randomly selected section of a tramway track in Gdansk. The article presents the theoretical foundations of the test method, the experiment organisation and the results obtained with MathCad Prime 3.0 software. It also presents the outcome of a study associated with the execution of the project No POIR.04.01.01-00-0017/17 entitled  "Developing an innovative method of precision determination of a rail vehicle trajectory" executed by a consortium of the Gdansk University of Technology and Gdynia Maritime University.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 22 Jan 2020 09:25:24 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1672585</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Management Models for Future Seismological and Geodetic Facilities and Capabilities: Proceedings of a Workshop</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1650217</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Modern geoscience research informs many important decisions and projects, such as geological disaster preparation, natural resource extraction, and global development. This critical research relies on technology and collaboration at state-of-the-art seismological and geodetic facilities. Currently, these facilities provide a wide variety of observation systems that support scientists' understanding of Earth and its changing environmental systems. As emerging technologies develop rapidly, seismological and geodetic facilities have new capabilities and more complex management and research communication systems. This requires a reevaluation of management structures and best practices within these facilities.  The National Academies convened a 1.5-day workshop to discuss management models of theoretical seismological and geodetic facilities of the future. Initial discussions built upon a 2015 Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology community workshop report, which identified current and future capabilities of these research facilities. Management models from other types of scientific facilities were used as a springboard for further discussions about management and decision-making models that could be applied to seismological and geodetic facilities. Workshop participants also emphasized the importance of distributing capabilities among multiple facilities. Lastly, this workshop explored complex management topics in these facilities including instrumentation, user support services, data management, education and outreach, and workforce development capabilities. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 24 Sep 2019 14:49:27 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1650217</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Advantages of combined GNSS processing involving a limited number of visible satellites</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1514509</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Millimetre-precise GNSS measurements may only be achieved by static relative (differential) positioning using a double-frequency receiver. This accuracy level is needed to address certain surveying and civil engineering issues. Relative measurements are performed using a single- or multi-network reference station, whose accuracy depends on a number of factors, such as the distance to the reference station, the session duration, the number of visible satellites, or ephemeris and clock errors. In this work, the author analyses the accuracy of static GNSS measurements according to the number of visible satellites, based on different minimal elevation cut-off angles. Each session was divided into three modes: GPS, GLONASS and hybrid GNSS (GPS+GLONASS). The final results were compared with the corresponding daily EPN solution at the observational epoch in order to determine their accuracy.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 24 Jul 2018 10:06:40 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1514509</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Determination of normal heights in the area of Polish Economic Zone</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1493672</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The article presents a method of determining the level of the seabed in the Polish reference system. The authors show how to determine the ellipsoidal height of the seabed using GNSS measurements and single-beam echo sounders. The authors propose the transition to the system of normal heights referred to the average level of the North Sea as defined by the tide-gauge in Amsterdam to be made using the EGM 2008 model and data from the official Polish quasi-geoid model as well as data from another model distributed by GUGiK (Head Office of Geodesy and Cartography). The article presents also potential errors of the presented method.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 25 Jan 2018 09:24:29 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1493672</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Complex technology of navigation and geodetic support of airborne electromagnetic surveys</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1480861</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The paper considers a complex technology of navigation and geodetic support for airborne geophysical surveys by the example of an airborne electromagnetic survey that makes use of an outboard platform connected to the helicopter with a cable. The technology is based on satellite and photogrammetric methods. The innovation methods used to determine navigation and geodetic parameters are protected by the Russian patents and have been tested in practice. The paper presents the results of the authors’ long-term experience in this field of research.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 23 Oct 2017 13:38:18 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1480861</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Estimating the Navigation Informativity of the Earth’s Anomalous Gravity Field</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1428953</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Application of modern global geopotential models to estimate the navigation informativity of the Earth’s anomalous gravity field (EAGF) is considered from the viewpoint of its use in autonomous (correlation- extreme) navigation. Various algorithms for calculating the characteristics of route and area navigation informativity, for which the authors use the variance and correlation radius of a measured EAGF parameter, are presented. The results of the experimental studies on estimation of the EAGF navigation informativity are discussed by analyzing vertical deflections and second derivatives of the perturbing potential in the Sea of Okhotsk with the use of the model EGM-2008 to degree 2190. It is shown that second derivatives of the geopotential demonstrate higher informativity as applied to navigation purposes.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 21 Nov 2016 13:44:33 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1428953</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Transversal Strapdown INS Based on Reference Ellipsoid for Vehicle in the Polar Region</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1423962</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The transversal coordinate system has been proposed to solve the problem of navigation in the Polar Region for a strapdown inertial navigation system (INS). However, it is assumed that the Earth is a perfect sphere in the transversal coordinate system, which is not accurate for a high-precision INS. To solve this problem, the authors consider the Earth as a reference ellipsoid and then deduct its radii of curvature in the authors' transversal coordinate system. In addition, with the aid of the Bessel geodetic projection method, transformations of navigation quantities from a local-level coordinate system to the authors' transversal coordinate system are derived based on the reference ellipsoid. Numerical results indicate that the authors' method based on the reference ellipsoid performs better than the method based on a reference sphere.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 25 Oct 2016 09:50:39 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1423962</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Evaluation of Positioning Functionality in ASG EUPOS for Hydrography and Off-Shore Navigation</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1359575</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The paper discusses the ASG EUPOS services. There is presented an assessment of the possibility of using this system selected sites in hydrography and off-shore navigation tasks. Presented and analyzed the experiments were carried out in the port of Gdynia and on the Gulf of Gdańsk. The results obtaining in the work confirm the possibility of the position accuracy guaranteed by ASG EUPOS services. The obtained accuracy greatly exceeds the needs and requirements of coastal navigation and underwater mining and exploration of sea bottom.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 28 Jul 2015 15:51:44 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1359575</guid>
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