<rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="https://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
  <channel>
    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
    <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=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" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
    <description></description>
    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
      <url>https://trid.trb.org/Images/PageHeader-wTitle.jpg</url>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    </image>
    <item>
      <title>Position of Loran-C Stability Van with Respect to WGS-72 Coordinates</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2717177</link>
      <description><![CDATA[These tests were conducted to establish a method to determine geodetic van position in WGS-72 coordinates to support the evaluation of LORAN-C short term stability as it pertains to non-precision approaches.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 11 Jul 2026 16:25:56 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2717177</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Automated methods for correcting ODOT’s real-time GNSS network for survey and post-disaster recovery</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2706005</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Oregon Real-Time GNSS Network (ORGN), managed by the Oregon Department of Transportation, serves as a critical backbone for high-precision positioning services across the state. However, the absence of a streamlined workflow for aligning ORGN station coordinates to the National Spatial Reference System (NSRS) has introduced challenges in consistency, traceability, and long-term network maintenance. This project developed and validated a semi-automated alignment tool, ORGN Align, that integrates baseline design, RINEX data management, OPUS Project adjustment, and time-series visualization into a unified platform. Unlike fully automated systems, ORGN Align emphasizes operator oversight and interpretability, empowering GNSS network managers to make informed decisions regarding coordinate adoption and network integrity. This report outlines technical implementation, system capabilities, and recommendations for integration into operational practice, offering a scalable model for GNSS network alignment applicable to other state and institutional networks.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 29 May 2026 08:54:46 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2706005</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Geodetic Monitoring for the Construction of Railway Bridge Piles</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1972911</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper considers issues of geodetic monitoring for the construction of railway bridge piles. A system for scheduled control of the designed position of railway bridge piles erected by employing large diameter shell-type piles has been developed. The paper suggests an automated monitoring system for determining the coordinates of the major axes of the shell, assessing accuracy and making decisions on correcting the positioning of the structure under construction. This system includes the following sequence of operations: determining actual coordinates of checkpoints, automated real-time adjustment using root-mean-squared error ellipsis; and determining the center of the shell and the turns of the axes. A method for determining the inclination of the shells from one station through comparing actual measured difference of vertex angles with the design values and provided a 3D model of determining the inclination of bridge piles is also presented in this paper.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 01 Nov 2024 08:50:55 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1972911</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Automation of Railroad Construction Technology Using Surveying Methods</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1972881</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The paper describes the methods of geodetic support of railways during the automation of technological construction processes, which can reduce the cost of work, including geodetic location survey, the creation of a reference geodetic network, operational control, as-built surveys, etc. Peculiarities and specifics of solving engineering problems on railways are considered. The principle of operation and the design of the computer-aided design system ACS-3D, which provides geodetic data for calculating the spatial position of the working bodies of construction equipment, including coordinates, spatial orientation, and geometric parameters, are given. The structure and formats of digital projects are considered as an integral part of the automation of setting the track to the design position, including the spatial position of the track axis in the project coordinate system, geometric parameters, including the track clearance and design data. The specificity of railways in the creation of digital projects is given. The experience of using ACS-3D on the basis of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) during the overhaul and reconstruction of the West Siberian Railway and the Trans-Baikal Railway is considered. The advantages of using geodetic methods for automating technological construction processes on railways are shown. The existing methods of setting the railway track in the design position are analyzed, their advantages and disadvantages are noted. The prospects for the use of integrated systems based on GNSS and WIN ALC are substantiated, which allow minimizing costs while solving the problems at different stages of repair.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 01 Nov 2024 08:50:55 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1972881</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Research on High-Precision Matching Technology of Highway Chainage System Based on Binocular Stereo Vision</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2335230</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Aiming at the current situation that the highway milepost and geodetic coordinates matching methods are less intelligent and less accurate, resulting in the efficiency and accuracy of the milepost matching methods cannot meet the requirements of practical applications, this paper applies centimeter-level combined inertial navigation system and binocular camera to collect road spatial information and image data, adopts trajectory planning method and image recognition technology for data analysis, and obtains continuous collection trajectory. Based on the principle of 3D scene restoration by binocular stereo vision, this paper proposes a method to obtain the geographic coordinates of mileage stakes through the parallel view of stake number plate and realizes the high accuracy and fast matching of highway mileage stakes and geodetic coordinates. The experimental results show that the method can better achieve the rapid matching of highway mileage stakes and geodetic coordinates, and the average accuracy of stakes matching reaches the decimeter level, which can meet the requirements of most current application scenarios.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 24 Apr 2024 09:40:38 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2335230</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The Study of Railway Embankment Deformations in Cold Regions</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1974102</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Concerning the need for railway capacity increase, the trains marshaled of innovative cars with 27 t axle load are being tested at the test sites. At one of the sites of Sverdlovsk Railway, 100 km Kachkanar—Smychka, the works have been organized to provide geodetic monitoring of the permanent way and the high embankment formation deformations. The geodetic surveys were carried out for eight months from December 2017 to July 2018 at four test sites. The analysis of the measurements shows an intensive frost heaving of the soils at two test sites in winter period. The permanent deformations of the main site of the formation were observed at these sites in summer period.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 14 Nov 2023 16:52:44 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1974102</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Bridge Leveling Network Monitoring in Construction on Highly Heaving Soils</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1974023</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Sometimes, there are deformations of the points of the geodetic network, which are placed on the construction site, in the process of bridges construction on heaving soils. Moreover, most points of the geodetic network are often removed due to heaving soils that make monitoring of such geodetic network more difficult. This article contains comparing and studying the results of the monitoring of the vertical geodetic control network in constructing the bridge over the Verebushka River, obtained by A. Kostechel method and by leveling relative to the bridge under-truss sites. It is proved that the traditional A. Kostechel method in these conditions does not fit because of false results. Consequently, it is suggested for geodetic network monitoring to fasten additional reference marks on the stable elements of the structure in constructing bridges in similar conditions. Then, it is necessary to level their marks regarding the existing benchmarks. It is also suggested to use the heights of these points as control heights to save the common system of heights during constructing in such conditions when traditional monitoring methods are giving false results.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 14 Nov 2023 09:32:41 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1974023</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>IGN Method and Matrices Equivalence of Regularization Jacobian Matrix in Solving NLS Survey Adjustment Problems</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1974133</link>
      <description><![CDATA[NLS methods may have ill-posed problems in many actual survey adjustment applications. With the increasing applications of nonlinear least squares (NLS) problems of surveying adjustment, it is very important to understand the ill-posed attribute of NLS problems and find ways to solve them. Based on regularization theory, this paper presents a new stable function to help obtain stable results of the NLS problems. An improved Gauss-Newton (IGN) method incorporating the developed stable functions is implemented with the capability of solving the ill-posed problem of survey adjustment applications. Matrices equivalence between regularization Jacobian matrices in solving NLS ill-posed problems was proposed to this paper. Experiments using simulated data and actual survey data on an old bridge which needed to be repaired proved the good performances of the developed method, which can also be used in many other NLS applications such as bundle adjustment problems with photogrammetry.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 12 Nov 2023 17:35:03 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1974133</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Review of Engineering Research Methods for the Formation of a Digital Model of the Area with the Determination of the Accuracy and Compliance</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2113684</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The article considers the main methods of engineering surveys (leveling by diameters, tacheometric survey, laser survey, survey by laser profilers, GPS-survey) survey of the area with the main advantages and disadvantages. Processing of the received data at system automated designing as a result of topographic and geodetic works is a digital model of district (which consists of an array of points) of a design zone. During geodetic survey or its in-house processing, the points are given certain attributes necessary for adequate modeling of surfaces, situations and correct implementation of all subsequent design procedures. Since in real projects of complex structures, the engineer deals with arrays of tens and hundreds of thousands of points, it is natural that modern computer-aided design systems must have advanced means of visual editing. For modeling of surfaces there are different types of structures: horizontally, on structural lines, on diameters to a route or the main course, statistical. The problem of constructing a surface by the method of triangulation is one of the basic ones in computational geometry. It includes many others related to surface modeling and solving spatial problems in machine graphics, computer-aided design systems and geographic information systems. Also, a study of the dependence of the height of the terrain and the percentage of error of the obtained digital terrain model. Therefore, based on the results of calculations, it can be concluded that the materials of the survey follow the instructions for topographic surveying for the use of these works in further design.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 27 Apr 2023 17:13:02 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2113684</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Examination of the deformation of an animal overpass soil-steel structure by means of geodetic measurements</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2043516</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The algorithm presented in this paper processes data in the form of the coordinates of points located on the shell’s circumferential section, obtained from geodetic measurements. The change in curvature is a geometric parameter used to study the deformation of the shell in a corrugated steel buried structure and to estimate the bending moment and hence the normal stress in the corrugated plate. The results of exemplary calculations of the analysed structure show that places with extreme values can be determined in this way. For this purpose a dense grid of measuring points needs to be created using precision land surveying. For stress estimation it is essential to correct the geodetic measurements base since the points in the initial measurement do not lie on the circular sector used as a reference line for determining the deformation of the shell.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 23 Dec 2022 14:07:04 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2043516</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Unscented Kalman filter for long-distance vessel tracking in geodetic coordinates</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1970307</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper describes a unique instantiation of the unscented Kalman filter (UKF) that is particularly well-suited to long-distance surface vessel tracking. The proposed filter leverages a nonlinear process model to predict the position, speed, and heading of targets directly in geodetic coordinates, obviating the need for intermediate coordinate frame transformations, and enabling the use of a simple linear observer. These features differentiate the proposed filter from prior architectures, most of which require the definition of a planar coordinate system in order to describe the linearized state kinematics in an easily differentiable form. Reliance upon local Earth-tangent frames is acceptable in confined operating regions, but incurs substantial estimation error when the target is far from the local origin. It is shown that this error grows with distance-cubed from the local origin. By tracking targets directly in geodetic coordinates, the proposed filter is able to achieve more consistent performance, and a three-fold reduction in computational cost. A series of numerical simulations and field exercises are performed to ground these claims, and verify the efficacy of the proposed filter.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 24 Aug 2022 15:02:48 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1970307</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Examine Reconnaissance Scanning of Underground Utilities in the ROW</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1877345</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Mapping of buried utilities using rigorous subsurface utility engineering (SUE) quality level B (QLB), as is frequently performed or recommended, can be costly. It can also be ineffective for unknown utilities (i.e., utilities that exist but for which no information is available). This is particularly common and problematic in areas of oil and gas operations. When undiscovered until construction, these unknown utilities may cause serious scheduling disruptions as well as higher construction costs, along with safety and environmental risks. There is a need for a faster, less expensive method of scanning the right of way (ROW) for these unknown utilities. This research shall evaluate, select and test the application of newly available geophysical measurement systems. These systems would allow quickly and cheaply detecting and mapping unknown pipelines or other utilities in the ROW. It compares the effectiveness and cost of deployment to standard QLB SUE and reports on technologies that are both technically and cost effective for identifying unknown utilities.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 13 Oct 2021 14:16:03 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1877345</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Updated Survey Standards and Control Guidance for Improved Operations</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1841559</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Two control survey networks, observed via a traditional survey campaign and Network Real-Time Kinematic (NRTK) surveying campaign, were established at two independent study areas. To assess the performance of different surveying scenarios, a least squares adjustment was applied to all available traditional survey and NRTK data to create a reference dataset for each project site. Key findings: 1) When four 5-minute independent NRTK observations are made per point and the resulting baselines are adjusted using the Hybrid Network Methodology, a network accuracy of 1.8 cm in the vertical and 1.0 cm in the horizontal at a 95% confidence level is achievable. 2) Two hours between repeat observations is recommended to achieve fully independent solutions. 3) Total station (TS) observations improve overall horizontal accuracy of the network. 4) If vertical accuracies less than 1.8 cm at a 95% confidence level are required, then differential leveling should be performed. 5) When TS and differential leveling survey is required, not all stations need to be occupied with NRTK. 6) When NRTK observations are suitable for a project, static Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) may not be required. 7) It is not recommended to hold the RTN published coordinates as a constraint in the adjustment. 8) It is recommended that RTN network managers ensure the published coordinates for the realtime network (RTN) base stations align with the National Spatial Reference System (NSRS). 9) Observing control stations with NRTK removes the requirement of having a minimum of 2 GNSS receivers observing points simultaneously.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 21 Apr 2021 16:17:51 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1841559</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Evolving the Geodetic Infrastructure to Meet New Scientific Needs</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1682282</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Satellite remote sensing is the primary tool for measuring global changes in the land, ocean, biosphere, and atmosphere. Over the past three decades, active remote sensing technologies have enabled increasingly precise measurements of Earth processes, allowing new science questions to be asked and answered. As this measurement precision increases, so does the need for a precise geodetic infrastructure. This book summarizes progress in maintaining and improving the geodetic infrastructure and identifies improvements to meet new science needs that were laid out in the 2018 report Thriving on Our Changing Planet: A Decadal Strategy for Earth Observation from Space. Focusing on sea-level change, the terrestrial water cycle, geological hazards, weather and climate, and ecosystems, this study examines the specific aspects of the geodetic infrastructure that need to be maintained or improved to help answer the science questions being considered.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 12 Feb 2020 09:45:56 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1682282</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The Analysis of Tram Tracks Geometric Layout Based on Mobile Satellite Measurements</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1493003</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In this article, the results of the research in a field of which uses active global navigation satellite system (GNSS) geodetic networks for the inventory of geodetic geometric tram tracks are presented. The applied measurement technique has been adapted for the designing of the geometric layout of tram tracks. Several configurations of receivers and settings of an active GNSS networks with the objective to increase the accuracy of positioning and the availability of accurate localization are investigated. The measurement methods are optimized in order to increase the accuracy of determining positions from 3 mm up to 6 mm. Thus, the study of deformations in geometric layouts—according to the authors—is already possible. The implementation techniques of the mobile satellite measurements in a field of tram track inventory process are presented in this article. The course of the measurements and the results of the inventory of the tram system in Gdansk, Poland have been discussed. The results have turned out to be extremely useful for the geometric track layout evaluation. It has been proved that the applied method allows a comprehensive tram network inventory to be performed based on satellite measurements. The presented method is fast and cost-efficient.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 27 Dec 2017 10:29:16 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1493003</guid>
    </item>
  </channel>
</rss>