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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>FATIGUE ANALYSIS OF RAIL SUBJECT TO TRAFFIC AND TEMPERATURE LOADING</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/147289</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper utilizes a fatigue analysis methodology in the prediction of rail service life.  This methodology uses a three dimensional characterization of the load environment in conjunction with material properties presented in the form of Modified Goodman Diagrams.  The traffic load environment was obtained from monitoring of U.S. track in mainline service and the material properties were obtained from published laboratory test data.  The fatigue analysis, based on linear cumulative damage theory, utilizes the three dimensional stress spectra obtained by combining contact, bending and temperature stresses, to predict the occurrence of transverse defects in the rail head.  The predicted fatigue life for two different rail sections of similar metallurgy, is then compared to defect occurrence data obtained from U.S. mainline service.  The analyses indicate fatigue failure under heavy wheel loads will occur well before the point where head wear would normally dictate rail replacement.  This indicates a need for a rail replacement criterion based on either accumulated tonnage or on number of defects per unit length of track.  Additionally, it is seen that heavier rail sections have a greater cumulative tonnage capacity than lighter sections subject to similar loads.  Thus use of heavier rail sections will result in an increased service life for rail in mainline service.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 11 Feb 1980 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/147289</guid>
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      <title>ON THE PREDICTION OF THE FATIGUE LIFE OF RAILS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/73423</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper introduces a methodology for calculation of the fatigue life of rails in service.  Increased wheel loads has increased fatigue-related problems.  A service environment is represented by means of an environmental load spectra which is then converted to stresses at the rail.  Although the paper is limited to flexural rail stresses, the methodology can be extended to other states of stress.  Once the spectra is established, rail life is calculated by means of Miner's linear cumulative damage theory.  Along with showing the detrimental effect of increased wheel loads, the need for matching rail size to loads is necessary to minimize rail defects.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 14 Jun 1978 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/73423</guid>
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      <title>FATIGUE ANALYSIS FROM STRAIN GAUGE DATA AND PROBABILITY ANALYSIS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/46989</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report presents a rational approach for determining remaining fatigue life of a bridge.  A methodology was developed to determine fatigue damage from a probability analysis of traffic data by reconstituting or synthesizing the load (traffic) history of bridges.  A mechanical scratch gauge was used to obtain a short period of stress history of bridge members on the Central Bridge over the Ohio River at Cincinnati.  Stress histories deduced from the strain gauge records were used to evaluate fatigue damage to the bridge.  The remaining life of the bridge obtained by these two methods was then compared.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 06 Oct 1977 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/46989</guid>
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      <title>HIGH CYCLE FATIGUE CRACK PROPAGATION UNDER RANDOM AND CONSTANT AMPLITUDE LOADINGS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/47097</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper essentially summarizes work carried out during the period 1963--1973 into the constant and random amplitude fatigue crack propagation performance of a mild steel at ambient temperature.  Conventional fracture mechanics parameters are shown to describe the process of propagation under a variety of mean stress intensity conditions. Calculations of random amplitude progagation using "laws" determined from the constant amplitude data are shown to be in agreement with experimental results.  This agreement of calculation and experiment gives confidence in the use of these calculation principles for reactor applications outside direct experimentation.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 26 Oct 1976 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/47097</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>FREIGHT CAR DYNAMICS--ONE CARBUILDER'S APPROACH</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/39620</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Amcar Division of ACF Industries, like the other carbuilders, is taking on additional responsibilities for all aspects of car dynamics design and test, particularly with respect to carbody structure.  Explained is the ACF computerized system for analysis of carbody structural dynamics, intended to combat fatigue problems. Mathematical modeling is used to develop load paths and stress profiles of complex structures.  Road testing is important in developing environmental data and ACF has acquired an instrument car for this purpose.  Modified Goodman Diagrams are developed and their use is discussed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 13 Aug 1976 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/39620</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>AMERICAN STEEL FOUNDARIES DYNAMIC TEST FACILITY FOR RAILWAY TRUCK COMPONENTS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/19905</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This article describes the ASF test facility for truck components.  The facility permits dynamic testing of the various components.  The article describes the test equipment and the test procedures, and several conclusions that have been reached are discussed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 31 Jul 1976 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/19905</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>STANDARDIZED FORMAT FOR RAILROAD ENVIRONMENT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/15753</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper outlines a format for recording railroad environmental spectrum data that utilizes the standard arrangement of the modified Goodman diagram.  In this form the environmental data is applicable to theoretical finite life fatigue design and to variable-cycle spectrum-type fatigue testing.  Maximum loadings for operational guidance, equivalent static design analysis, lading damage studies, and proof testing are also accurately portrayed. The extensive environmental data requirements for modern design dictate the need for standardization of data format and content to provide compatibility of data from various sources and facilitate formation of the national data bank required by the railroad industry.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 03 Jun 1976 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/15753</guid>
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      <title>ENVIRONMENTAL FINITE LIFE FATIGUE TESTING. UTILIZING MINER'S HYPOTHESIS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/15874</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper outlines one method suitable for cost effective computerized theoretical finite life structural fatigue design and determination of means for conducting laboratory fatigue tests that can predict or confirm finite service life of a component or product.  Basic modified Goodman type fatigue test data is utilized with the actual environmental loading spectrum and Miner's hypothesis to determine the damaging cycles experienced in service.  The total damaging portion of the environmental loading incurred during the long life of railroad equipment can then be applied in laboratory tests of practical duration. Hence, this is truly an environmental test and not what is often termed an accelerated fatigue test.  The technical opinions expressed herein are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the policy of the Association of American Railroads.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 03 Jun 1976 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/15874</guid>
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