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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>ADVANCES MAKE GAS-TO-LIQUIDS PROCESS COMPETITIVE FOR REMOTE LOCATIONS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/576280</link>
      <description><![CDATA[By employing a new generation of cobalt-based catalysts, a new process, designated GAsCat F-T, achieves higher productivity and improved catalytic performance compared to existing Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) techniques. The process also reduces capital requirements and operating costs by employing an advanced slurry bubble-column reactor (SBCR). GasCat has major implications for large, remote gas reserves because of the limited options previously available for exploiting the potential of such reservoirs. While LNG and methanol projects have typically provided remote oil and gas producers with their most attractive development alternatives, the advent of economically attractive, large-scale F-T projects offers a superior option for monetizing remote reserves.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 26 Aug 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/576280</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>APPLICATION OF THE BUBBLE POINT METHOD TO THE CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PORE-SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF GEOTEXTILES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/425442</link>
      <description><![CDATA[For the design of a geotextile as a filter, reliable information about the pore-size distribution of the geotextile is needed. The bubble point method is one technique that is able to provide this information for a geotextile. The bubble point method is a simple and rapid technique for evaluating pore-size distributions of virgin, clogged, and stretched geotextiles. In addition, the bubble point equipment is also capable of providing information as to the degree of clogging within a geotextile and the permeability of a geotextile. The geotextile pore-size distribution results obtained by the bubble point method showed good repeatability. However, the bubble point method was only able to distinguish between geotextiles that had significantly different cross sections.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 04 May 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/425442</guid>
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      <title>AN ANALYSIS OF HEAVE ADDED MASS AND DAMPING OF A SURFACE EFFECT SHIP</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/166775</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The analysis presents a practical method for evaluating the added-mass and damping coefficients of a heaving surface-effect ship in uniform translation.  The theoretical added-mass and damping coefficients and the heave response show fair agreement with the corresponding experimental values.  Comparisons of the coupled aero-hydrodynamic and uncoupled analytical results with the experimental data prove that the uncoupled theory, dominant for a long time, that neglects the free-surface effects is an oversimplified procedure.  The analysis also provides means of estimating the wave elevation of the free surface, the escape area at the stern and the volume which are induced by a heaving surface-effect ship in uniform translation in otherwise calm water.  Computational procedures have been programmed in the FORTRAN IV language and adapted to the PDP-10 high-speed digital computer.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 May 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/166775</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>CAVITATION: CORROSION AND EROSION. 1964-APRIL, 1980 (CITATIONS FROM THE NTIS DATA BASE)</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/150918</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Corrosion and erosion effects of cavitation are documented. Many research areas are covered, with the exception of turbines. Studies are presented on marine propellers, pumps, dams, and spillways. Space power systems are included. The discussions refer to bubble and microbubble investigations, concepts and theories of damage, scaling laws, mathematical models, numerical analysis, and computerized simulation. Studies are given of erosion prevention, hydroabrasive wear, metal and elastomeric surface protection, and raindrop resistance. Other topics are vibration, liquid-solid interfaces, viscoelasticity, dissolved and contained gases, and flow fields, such as cryogenic, liquid metal, and multiphase. Test equipment, methods, models, and findings are described. (This updated bibliography contains 144 abstracts, 10 of which are new entries to the previous edition.)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 27 Aug 1980 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/150918</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>OBSERVATION OF ENTRAINMENT AROUND A PROTRUDING BOW</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/153364</link>
      <description><![CDATA[It has often been observed that, when a ship is in the light condition, a water film climbs up over the exposed part of the bow blub; the film usually breaks up near the stem, and a large amount of air becomes entrained in the water.  In a particular trim condition of a certain cargoship, underwater television revealed that a large quantity of air bubbles flowed into the propeller; tests on a 7-m model of this ship showed that these bubbles had been entrained at the bow.  As a large quantity of air bubbles flowing into a propeller may be closely associated with excessive vibration of a ship, the phenomenon of air entrainment around a protruding bow should be carefully investigated with a view to its prevention.  The Author, of Mitsubishi's Nagasaki Technical Institute, gives a brief account of such an investigation at the Mitsubishi Experimental Tank.  Model tests showed that when a jet of water strikes, tagentially from above, a cricular cylinder representing a cross-section of the protruding bulb of a ship in the light condition, the jet adheres to the cylinder surface and a large number of air bubbles are transported to the other side of the cylinder; this is attributed to the Coanda effect.  If such a water jet strikes each side of the cylinder, the air bubbles are transported to the bottom region of the cylinder.  Further tests included observing the effect of attaching a spray strip to the nose of a model bulb; this scattered the water film which climbed the nost of the bulb, and no bubbles were observed in the vicinity of the propeller.  The strip follows a streamline in the full load condition to avoid increasing the resistance.  Order from BSRA as No. 52,296.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 07 May 1980 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/153364</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>CAVITATION. PART 3. CORROSION AND EROSION (A BIBLIOGRAPHY WITH ABSTRACTS)</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/87983</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Corrosion and erosion effects of cavitation are documented. Many research areas are covered, with the exception of turbines, which are reported in Part 4 of this series. Studies are presented on marine propellers, pumps, dams, and spillways.  Space power systems are included.  The discussions refer to bubble and microbubble investigations, concepts and theories of damage, scaling laws, mathematical models, numerical analysis, and computerized simulation. Studies are given of erosion prevention, hydroabrasive wear, metal and elastomeric surface protection, and raindrop resistance.  Other topics are vibration, liquid-solid interfaces, viscoelasticity, dissolved and contained gases, and flow fields, such as cryogenic, liquid metal and multiphase.  Test equipment, methods, models, and findings are described.  (This updated bibliography contains 134 abstracts, 7 of which are new entries to the previous edition.)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 15 Sep 1979 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/87983</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>CAVITATION RESEARCH AND ITS APPLICATION IN MARINE ENGINEERING</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/83663</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Author deals with conditions required for the inception of cavitation and the relationship between laboratory experiments and full-scale experience.  Particular emphasis is placed on factors which are not normally considered in a systematic fashion when attempting to predict full-scale conditions from laboratory experiments.  New work on cavitation erosion and noise is presented with an interpretation of the results in the light of present knowledge.  The dynamics of bubble growth are illustrated in a series of slides.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 13 Jun 1979 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/83663</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>AN INVESTIGATION OF METHODS TO REDUCE OR ELIMINATE CAVITATION EROSION OF SHIP PROPELLERS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/56607</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Erosive impact intensity of cavitation generated by a model propeller in water tunnel flows is related to specific off-design conditions that a propeller experiences in a ship's wake. Uniform velocity flows were used so that effects of off-design conditions could be separated from effects of cavitation dynamics introduced by periodic rotation through the wake. Erosive impact intensity was measured by the size and rate of formation of pits formed on the polished blades by impact of loads created by collapse of cavitation bubbles. Information is also presented on the evaluation as erosion resistant coverings for propellers, of five polyurethane formulations developed by Bell Aerospace Textron and thirteen commercial materials applied by seven suppliers. This laboratory evaluation included cavitation erosion resistance of the coverings and lap shear strengths of their bonds to ABS Type 4 bronze before and after 6 months immersion in salt water.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 29 Oct 1978 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/56607</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>CAVITATION AT PROPELLER BLADE SECTIONS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/72685</link>
      <description><![CDATA[After mentioning existing knowledge of bubble dynamics in relation to propeller cavitation and its prediction, and the value of the experimental techniques now available, the Authors discuss the calculation of the behaviour of air and vapour bubbles in the pressure field of a hydrofoil (such as a propeller blade).  It is assumed that, for this calculation of behaviour in a non-spherical pressure-field, the well-known theory for the dynamics and stability of a single bubble in a spherical time-dependent pressure-field can be applied.  If the size distribution and the number of bubbles per unit volume in the inflow is known from experiment, the cavitation pattern in the low-pressure region on the suction side of the fail section can be calculated.  Special attention should be paid to the quantity of bubbles becoming unstable in the foil pressure-field and thus contributing to real vapour-cavitation.  The theory can, in principle, also be applied in calculating the pattern of propeller cavitation, and an important result for experimental work is that similarity rules for bubble-size distribution can be obtained by comparing full-scale and model flow.  Order form: BSRA as No. 47,700.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 26 Apr 1978 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/72685</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>CAVITATION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/64987</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This conference contains forty-three papers covering the theoretical, experimental, and practical aspects of cavitation.  Cavitation erosion has long been recognized as one of the major problems in the design and operation of modern high-speed fluid flow systems.  Basic research in this area has been concentrated on bubble growth and collapse, material response, and environmental influence. This conference emphasizes recent research on cavitation-damaged machine parts, including turbine blades, valves, pumps, bearings, and propellers.  The thermodynamic aspects of cavitation are considered in several experimental studies.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 13 Apr 1977 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/64987</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ASPECTS OF CAVITATION NOISE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/30660</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Aspects of cavitation noise derived from simple model conceptions are described.  Due to statistical considerations, the power spectrum of cavitation noise appears to be mainly defined by the spectral energy density of single cavitation noise events, the number per time of cavitation events and, possibly, correlating influences on the succession of cavitation events.  The spectral energy density of cavitation noise events is discussed on the basis of bubble dynamics discerning monopole type and shock wave cavitation noise.  The number per time of cavitation events is reflected on with respect to cavitation nuclei.  Also some aspects of cavitation noise scaling are shown.  The aspects described are still incomplete and their scope is limited, but they may help clarify the complex problems of cavitation noise.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 04 Feb 1976 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/30660</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>STUDY ON CAVITATION EROSION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/39767</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In this paper, authors conducted experimental investigations on cavitation damage to specimens of pure aluminum placed in a venturi type cavitation tunnel.  The main object of experiments is to confirm the relation between damage intensity and flow velocity.  Conclusions obtained are as follows:  1. Cavitation damage intensity is largely affected by flow velocity, for instance, the number of erosion pits varies with the 5th to 6th power of flow velocity.  2. Erosion pits are generated near the end of fixed-cavity. 3. Distribution of erosion pits are supposed to be caused by difference of initial radius of a collapsing bubble and oscillatory variation of length of fixed-cavity.  Simplified equation of bubble radius is solved numerically.  From the calculation of pressure field around a collapsing bubble, following results are obtained: 4. Maximum pressure on bubble wall varies with the 11th power flow velocity. 5. Maximum velocity of bubble wall varies with the 5th power of flow velocity.  6. On the assumption that damage intensity increases in proportion to impulse provided to the surface of specimens, these calculations show good agreement with experimental results.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 29 Jul 1975 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/39767</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE USE OF STANDARD BODIES TO MEASURE THE CAVITATION STRENGTH OF WATER</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/14695</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Research was conducted to evaluate a technique for measuring the cavitation strength of water.  The technique is based on counting cavitation events as a function of cavitation number on a standard body, thereby producing cavitation characteristics curves.  It is assumed that water cavitates because of nuclei carried in the water and that the measured characteristics curves must therefore be related to the nuclei which are present.  It was hypothesized that the nuclei, whatever their real nature, could be represented by a distribution of equivalent gas bubbles of neutral density. (Modified author abstract)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 14 May 1974 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/14695</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>CAVITATION AND CAVITATION DAMAGE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/9971</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The general features of the growth of cavitation bubbles and of 'boiling' bubbles are described, and explicit formulas are presented for limiting cases of interest. The analytical features of cavitation bubble collapse are also presented. In the discussion of cavitation damage, the results of the effect of the temperature of the cavitating liquid are reviewed as are the effects of changing liquid composition. The theory of the formation of a liquid jet in bubble collapse is described.  The relevance of this jet formation for cavitation damage is emphasized.  (Author)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 14 Nov 1973 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/9971</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>CAVITATION DAMAGE AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/4454</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A discussion is made of the general effects of temperature upon cavitation damage rate at higher temperatures and pressures, with the maximum damage temperature increasing somewhat with the increased NPSH.  Increased NPSH causes a strong increase of damage in this type of facility up to at least 4 atm NPSH.  Obviously, damage must maximize at some higher NPSH and then decrease to near zero, since the number and size of bubbles decreases with increasing NPSH (though their collapse violence increases), reaching zero at sufficiently high NPSH, depending up facility frequency and amplitude.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 29 Sep 1972 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/4454</guid>
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