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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
    <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=PHNlYXJjaD48cGFyYW1zPjxwYXJhbSBuYW1lPSJkYXRlaW4iIHZhbHVlPSJhbGwiIC8+PHBhcmFtIG5hbWU9InN1YmplY3Rsb2dpYyIgdmFsdWU9Im9yIiAvPjxwYXJhbSBuYW1lPSJ0ZXJtc2xvZ2ljIiB2YWx1ZT0ib3IiIC8+PHBhcmFtIG5hbWU9ImxvY2F0aW9uIiB2YWx1ZT0iMCIgLz48L3BhcmFtcz48ZmlsdGVycz48ZmlsdGVyIGZpZWxkPSJpbmRleHRlcm1zIiB2YWx1ZT0iJnF1b3Q7QnJpZGdlIHN0cnVjdHVyZXMmcXVvdDsiIG9yaWdpbmFsX3ZhbHVlPSImcXVvdDtCcmlkZ2Ugc3RydWN0dXJlcyZxdW90OyIgLz48L2ZpbHRlcnM+PHJhbmdlcyAvPjxzb3J0cz48c29ydCBmaWVsZD0icHVibGlzaGVkIiBvcmRlcj0iZGVzYyIgLz48L3NvcnRzPjxwZXJzaXN0cz48cGVyc2lzdCBuYW1lPSJyYW5nZXR5cGUiIHZhbHVlPSJwdWJsaXNoZWRkYXRlIiAvPjwvcGVyc2lzdHM+PC9zZWFyY2g+" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
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    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
      <url>https://trid.trb.org/Images/PageHeader-wTitle.jpg</url>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>Development and Evaluation of an Augmented Reality Learning Tool for Construction Engineering Education</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1559409</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Augmented reality (AR) is becoming widely used in construction industry for training, education, onsite inspection and etc. In this paper, the authors developed a AR-based learning tool for construction engineering students and evaluated the impact of AR for students’ learning performance. The tool, ARBridge, was developed using PTC Vuforia, AutoDesk Revit, Sketchup, and Unity. Various types of bridge structure can be supported for learning in this tool. After completion of the tool development, 40 undergraduate students are divided into experimental group and control group to learn a mini-module on bridge engineering using the ARBridge and traditional education way. Pre-experiment and post-experiment tests were conducted for the 40 students. Result findings collected and analyzed from case-based experiment, feedback survey and interview demonstrated the suitability of the app to evidently enhance students’ learning experience and knowledge-acquisition process through application of the technology in educational settings as a supplementary teaching material in learning components of complex bridge structures.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 31 Oct 2018 09:15:30 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1559409</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Lightweight Concrete Modification Factor for Shear Friction</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1286101</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This project is aimed at studying the influence of aggregate type on direct shear transfer across an interface of concretes cast at different times. The shear friction design concept is applicable in conditions where direct shear must be transferred across a structural concrete plane or interface, such as an existing crack or an interface between dissimilar materials or concretes cast at different times. Shear friction provisions are commonly used in the design of precast-prestressed concrete elements and connections in building and/or bridge structures including corbels, dapped double tees, beam bearings, and diaphragms. These types of connections are critical because there is little or no redundancy. Data used to develop shear friction provisions in both the ACI 318 Code and the PCI Design Handbook are predominantly from experiments with specimens constructed of normal weight concrete (NWC). Only a limited number of studies have been performed on lightweight concrete (LWC), and particularly for conditions with concrete surfaces cast at different times. This condition may exist, however, due to precast plant practices and the increasing use of self-consolidating concrete (SCC), and where projecting elements might be cast after the underlying concrete has partially hardened. Alternatively, projecting elements might be cast in advance and inserted into the fresh concrete when the main member is cast, resulting in a similar condition. It should also be noted that the influence of SCC on the interface shear has not been thoroughly studied. In summary, lack of LWC test data and clear and consistent design provisions underscore the need for a systematic approach to isolate and examine the influence of factor &amp;#955; on the interface friction so that it can be applied clearly and confidently in shear friction design.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 16 Jan 2014 01:00:24 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1286101</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Coaxial Cable Sensors and Sensing Instrument for Crack Detection in Bridge Structures - Phase I: Field Qualifications/Validation Planning</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1230737</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This project is aimed at developing a field test plan and methodology for the purpose of demonstrating a new structural condition assessment technology. The research tasks are to analyze a decommissioned, typical girder highway bridge that will be selected in consultation with New York State Department of Transportation (NYSDOT), and design and plan the field tests of the bridge for the performance qualification and validation of distributed crack sensors and a fast Electrical Time Domain Reflectometry instrument to their full potential.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 03 Jan 2013 14:05:12 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1230737</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Pedestrian Bridge Project in San Francisco Region Was No Easy Walk</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1097573</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Robert I. Schroder Overcrossing spans Treat Boulevard in Contra Costa County, California. The 860-foot long pedestrian and bicycle bridge's design and construction took nearly a decade and cost $6.8 million. The author discusses challenges encountered in planning and subsequently completing the project, including structural alignment and design, tree preservation, environmental approvals, and interactive community outreach. A detailed description of overcrossing design is provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 30 Mar 2011 07:27:21 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1097573</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Dynamic Demand of Bridge Structure Subjected to Vessel Impact Using Simplified Interaction Model</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1088369</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Assessing the dynamic demand using general-purpose finite-element codes is not only low in efficiency, but also unaccepted in practical application due to the complicated nonlinear dynamical behaviors of vessel-bridge collision. In this paper, an alternative simplified interaction model is presented to evaluate the dynamic demand of bridge structure under vessel impact efficiently. In this method, ship motion is regarded as the motion of single degree of freedom, and ship-bow is modeled by a nonlinear spring element (only compression) connected to bridge structure. A quasi-static method is employed to obtain the nonlinear static relationships between impact forces and crush depths of ship-bow, and the effect of the height of pile cap is discussed. Based on two different approaches, the influence of strain-rate effect on impact force is taken into account to obtain the corresponding dynamic crush curves, which are developed for the proposed interaction model. Results show that the dynamic responses of bridge structures using the simplified interaction models are in good agreement with the general-purpose collision analyses, while the former computation efficiency is improved obviously.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 21 Jan 2011 13:03:03 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1088369</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Benefits of Post-Weld Treatment to Improve Tubular Bridge Fatigue Performance</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1084139</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In looking for ways of improving the fatigue performance of tubular bridge structures, the use of residual stress based post-weld treatment methods, such as needle peening, has been suggested. To study this possibility, a number of large-scale fatigue tests were performed on untreated and treated tubular bridge joints. Following these tests, a probabilistic fracture mechanics-based treatment model was developed and used to perform a number of studies. In examining the results of these studies, the mean applied stress level was seen to strongly influence the treatment benefit at the various potential crack sites in a typical tubular bridge structure. Based on this observation, the possibility of post-weld treatment in the field (i.e. after the dead load stresses are introduced) is examined herein, and seen to result in a significant increase in the treatment benefit.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 20 Dec 2010 08:24:51 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1084139</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Development of a Structural System for Short Span Bridges</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1084108</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In the present contribution the development of an innovative structural system for short span road bridges is presented. In particular, the use of prestressed concrete tension ties is shown to offer new possibilities for the conception and design of bridge structures. Aesthetics as well as structural efficiency are discussed. Transparency and structural simplicity are characteristics that contribute to a clear appearance. The reduction of dead load while maintaining sufficient stiffness is a general optimization task in structural engineering; it is shown that by choosing suitable dimensions and materials and an appropriate level of prestress convincing solutions can be achieved.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 16 Dec 2010 09:13:10 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1084108</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Service Life Prediction of RC Bridge Structures Exposed to Chloride Environments</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/888031</link>
      <description><![CDATA[For a long-span coastal bridge structure, the corrosion initiation time is controlled by the speed of chloride ion transfer and the depassivation process within the structure. These processes are significantly influenced by the actual variation of the environmental conditions on the concrete surface throughout its service life. From the regional climate characteristics through local climate conditions, the microclimate variation on the concrete surface is studied in this research. A set of realistic environmental condition profiles is proposed, based on the exposure conditions and the material properties of the components. Moreover, a 2D integrated corrosion performance assessment model is constructed to capture the change in environmental conditions and simulate the coupled diffusion process and the corrosion performance in the time domain. Two typical locations (Hong Kong and Michigan) are chosen as numerical examples for implementing the proposed corrosion performance assessment model, and control of the environmental factors of the various chloride exposures is highlighted. These factors are used to construct an integral empirical equation together with the general critical material and geometrical parameters.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 29 May 2009 07:41:57 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/888031</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Analysis of Flexible Bridge Consisting of Thin-Walled Structure and Compacted Soil</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/881450</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper presents the numerical and experimental results of flexible bridge made of thin-walled structure and consists of corrugated steel plates (CSP) which is backfilled by properly compacted soil. The paper presents the application of the FLAC (Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua) program based on finite differences method (FDM) to determine behavior of soil-steel bridge structures during static loads. The assumptions of computational 2D model of shell structure with non-linear interface layer are described. The method based on this computational model may be used with large success to design calculations of this specific type of structures. The conclusions drawn from such analysis can be helpful mostly for the assessment of the behavior of this type of the steel-soil bridge structures under load of backfilling and also typical static loads.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 30 Mar 2009 14:10:26 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/881450</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Dynamic Analysis of Soil-Steel Bridge Made from Corrugated Plates</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/881182</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The paper presents the results and conclusions of dynamic load tests that were conducted on a road bridge over the Mokrzyca river in Wroclaw (Poland) made of galvanized corrugated steel plates (CSP). The critical speed magnitudes, dynamic coefficients, velocity vibration, vibration frequency were determined in the paper. Conclusions drawn from the tests can be most helpful in the assessment of behavior of this type of corrugated plate bridge with soil. In consideration of application of this type of structure in the case of small-to-medium span bridges, the conclusions from the research will not be yet generalized to all types of such solutions. The detailed reference to all type of such bridge structures would be requiring additional analysis (field tests and calculations) on the other types of soil-steel bridges.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 30 Mar 2009 14:10:26 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/881182</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Multihazard-Resistant Highway Bridge Pier</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/839590</link>
      <description><![CDATA[There are some similarities between seismic and blast effects on bridge structures: both major earthquakes and terrorist attacks/accidental explosions are rare events that can induce large inelastic deformations in the key structural components of bridges. Since many bridges are (or will be) located in areas of moderate or high seismic activity, and because many bridges are potential terrorist targets, there is a need to develop structural systems capable of performing equally well under both events. This paper presents the findings of research to establish a multi-hazard bridge pier concept capable of providing an adequate level of protection against collapse under both seismic and blast loading, and whose members’ dimensions are not very different from those currently found in typical highway bridges. A series of experiments on 1/4 scale multi-hazard bridge piers was performed. Piers were concrete-filled steel tube columns (CFST columns) with different diameters (D = 4”, 5” and 6”), connected to a steel beams embedded in the cap-beam and a foundation beam. Fiber reinforced concrete was used for the cap-beam and the foundation beam to control cracking, which was deemed desirable against spalling of the concrete. The CFST column exhibited a ductile behavior under blast load, and no significant damage was suffered by the fiber reinforced concrete cap-beam as a result of the blast pressures.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 31 Oct 2007 06:39:43 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/839590</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Residual Displacement of Bridges Subjected to Near-Field Ground Motions</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/836564</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper describes how the current seismic design of bridge structures requires a high ductility capacity to ensure adequate seismic performance during strong excitations. A bridge structure subjected to a strong ground motion exhibits inelastic hysteretic behavior that may result in residual displacement. If such residual displacement is extensively large, such is the case that reconstruction of the structure may be required. In the 1995 Kobe earthquake, wherein Route 3 of the Kobe Line of Hanshin Expressway suffered residual rotational deformation at the base larger than one degree. As a consequence, bridge columns had to be reconstructed following the earthquake. Thus, the post-earthquake residual displacement becomes a major concern. Since the residual displacement exhibit large scattering, which depends on the natural period of the structure, nonlinear hysteretic and ground motions, a probabilistic approach is effective in evaluating the residual displacement. In this paper, the evaluation of the residual displacement of bridge structures is undertaken. Recently, the extensive failures of bridge structure due to the near-field ground motion have been reported. As the number of recorded near-field ground motions increases and the mechanism of its generation is known, the effect of near-field ground motions on the seismic demand of bridge structures becomes a major concern. There are, however, few discussions about the effect of recorded near-field ground motions on bridge responses. A special emphasis of this paper is then provided on the effect of near-field ground motions on the residual displacement of bridge structures.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 22 Oct 2007 10:14:51 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/836564</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Accelerated Construction in Seismic Areas using Precast Concrete and Prestressing</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/836541</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Widening of existing bridge structures or new bridge construction in heavily congested areas has become a necessity due to the increasing traffic demands on the nation’s highway systems. In seismic zones there is also the need to develop details that reduce the amount of damage after large earthquakes. Precast and prestressed concrete offer the ability to accelerate bridge construction and reduce the impact of construction on the traveling public, while at the same time providing reduced damage after large earthquakes. This paper summarizes two projects at the University of Nevada, Reno that are studying seismic design of systems using precast and prestressed concrete. The first project focuses on the substructure. A precast segmental unbonded prestressed hollow concrete column was tested and then studied analytically with the expectation of small residual displacements and reduced repair after a large earthquake. The shake table testing consisted of fifteen runs from the Kobe Earthquake, where the amplitude of the acceleration was increased until failure. The specimen performed very well with essentially no residual displacement and only limited spalling at the base of the column. The second project will examine the superstructure to cap beam connection. A precast superstructure will be connected to a concrete column using a cast-in-place bent cap. The four 40 percent precast “U” girder specimens will be tested longitudinally under cyclic loading. The main parameters of this study are the magnitude of post-tensioning across the joint and the type of conventional reinforcement in the connection.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 22 Oct 2007 10:14:45 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/836541</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Experimental Investigation of Blast Performance of Seismically Resistant Concrete-Filled Steel Tube Bridge Piers</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/820632</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The terrorist threat on bridges, and on the transportation system as a whole, has been recognized by the engineering community and public officials since recent terrorist attacks. There are some similarities between seismic and blast effects on bridge structures: both major earthquakes and terrorist attacks/accidental explosions are rare events that can induce large inelastic deformations in the key structural components ob bridges. Since many bridges are (or will be) located in areas of moderate or high seismic activity, and because many bridges are potential terrorist targets, thee is a need to develop structural systems capable of performing equally well under both events. The objective of this research is to present the development and experimental validations of a multi-hazard bridge pier concept, i.e., a bridge pier system capable of providing an adequate level of protection against collapse under both seismic and blast loading. A multi-column pier-bent with concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) columns is the proposed concept. The work presented here experimentally the adequacy of such a system under blast loading. This report describes development of the multi-hazard pier concept, design of the prototype bridge pier under blast and seismic loading, specimen design, experimental set-up, and experimental results. Additionally, the results from the blast experiments are compared with the results from simplified method of analysis considering an equivalent SDOF system having an elastic-perfectly-plastic behavior. It is found that prototype bridge CFST columns can be designed to provide both satisfactory seismic performance and adequate blast resistance. It is also shown that the CFST columns exhibited a ductile behavior under blast load in a series of tests at ¼ scale. Maximum deformation of the columns could be calculated using simplified analysis considering a factor to account for the reduction of pressures on the circular column and determined from this experimental program.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 21 Sep 2007 13:55:20 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/820632</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Bridge Assessment with Soil-Structure Interaction in a Distributed Computational Environment</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/820603</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The authors describe the practical implementation of a new multiple analysis platform approach for analysis of bridges with soil-structure interaction inelastic dynamic approach. The Meloland Road Over-crossing bridge is the application test bed that is used to present the application. Modeling of approach supporting pile groups, abutments, and embankments is done in OpenSees through three-dimensional finite element idealizations. Zeus-NL, the Mid-America Earthquake Center analysis platform, is used to model the bridge structure. There is mode shape and fundamental properties comparison between bridge system identification based on measured ground motion and the soil-structure system. Response history is analyzed by geotechnical and structural model distributed computation on four separate computers, representing four geographically distributed simulation sites. Large interacting structure-foundation-soil systems using distributions provide analysis results and comparisons with considerable computing effort savings.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 21 Sep 2007 13:54:16 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/820603</guid>
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