<rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="https://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
  <channel>
    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
    <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=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" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
    <description></description>
    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
      <url>https://trid.trb.org/Images/PageHeader-wTitle.jpg</url>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    </image>
    <item>
      <title>CFST to Concrete Pile Cap Connections - Refinement of Analysis Methodologies and Standardization of Design Details</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2694292</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Montana Department of Transportation (MDT)...as cost-effective bridge foundations for short and medium-span bridges. While their performance under gravity loads is well understood, predicting their behavior under extreme lateral loads (e.g. seismic events) remains challenging with conventional design methods. Recent research at Montana State University developed a moment-rotation based methodology to predict CFST-to-cap connection capacity, but refinements are needed to improve its accuracy, particularly
regarding the effects of U-bar reinforcement. Additionally, lack of standardized design details for CFST pile cap connections has led to inconsistencies in bridge designs and construction practices. Without standard details, engineers must custom-design each connection, which can result in variable performance and uncertain safety margins. There is a clear need to build upon the existing research findings to enhance the design methodology and provide uniform design guidance for these connections.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 17 Apr 2026 11:22:08 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2694292</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Early Scour Damage Detection Using Drive-By Monitoring Data through Supervised Learning</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2683158</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Early detection of damage is crucial for maintaining the safety and integrity of infrastructure. Scour at bridge foundations is particularly critical, as it poses a significant risk of collapse, which is heightened by the increasing frequency of extreme weather events such as floods. This paper introduces a supervised learning approach for early scour damage detection using drive-by monitoring data considering a small number of vehicle passages. A convolutional neural network model is employed to classify different levels of scour damage using two methodologies. The first methodology incorporates only vehicle acceleration measurements and the second methodology includes both acceleration and vehicle speed information. To handle data variability and neural network randomness, classification accuracy is evaluated through confusion matrices and boxplots. The model’s performance in classifying scour scenarios is assessed from sensors positioned on the car body and the front bogie of the first vehicle. The results show high accuracy in detecting scour for the sensor positioned in the car body, achieving approximately 100% accuracy in classifying all scenarios when vehicle speed information is included.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 14 Apr 2026 10:10:21 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2683158</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Live-bed contraction scour induced by bridge foundations on silty seabed in Hangzhou Bay</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2653015</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The construction of sea-crossing bridges in estuarine and bay areas may cause narrowing of the channel cross section, leading to the contraction scour between the bridge foundations. This study presents the first field investigation of live-bed contraction scour at Hangzhou Bay Bridge (HBB). Results show that as the contraction ratio (the ratio of net width with bridge to initial width without bridge) decreases from 0.97 to 0.88, the contraction effect is significantly enhanced, and the corresponding contraction scour depth increases largely from 1.8 m to 5.8 m. In addition, the HEC-18 and Nowroozpou methods for estimating the contraction scour are assessed against field measured data, revealing they significantly underestimate scour depth, with an RMSE (Root Mean Squared Error) over 3.0 m and a MPRE (Mean Percent Relative Error) over 80 %. Based on the theory of suspended sediment carrying capacity, a new prediction equation related to flow velocity, settling velocity and water depth is developed and shows good accuracy with an RMSE of 0.85m and a MPRE of 7 %.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 06 Apr 2026 08:50:03 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2653015</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>End-to-end intelligent rapid design method for bridge single-pile based on generative adversarial networks</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2654628</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Traditional single-pile design for bridges heavily depends on engineering expertise and iterative specification-based calculations, resulting in inefficiencies and substantial labor costs. This study proposes PileGAN, a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN)-based end-to-end intelligent design method for bridge single-pile layout, enabling an automated design and engineering drafting process. This method integrates geological information and design requirements into the generative process, and constructs model variants based on different image–condition fusion mechanisms to identify the optimal neural architecture. Furthermore, the performance of PileGAN is comprehensively assessed through both pixel-level metrics and specifications-based validation. Testing across 100 engineering cases verifies that the size designs for all pile types consistently comply with the safety margin, negative skin friction, and settlement requirements specified by the relevant design codes. Remarkably, PileGAN can complete the design process in under ten seconds, representing only 1 % of the time required for manual design while maintaining engineering accuracy. This approach realizes a paradigm shift from experience-driven to data-driven design, providing a theoretical basis for future automation in bridge foundation design.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 31 Mar 2026 16:35:19 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2654628</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Foundation of Signature Bridge: Problems and Igenious Solutions</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2678109</link>
      <description><![CDATA[New Delhi, the capital city of India has witnessed a large influx of population, thereby generating a need to upgrade its infrastructure. Urban expansion has resulted in Delhi's urban area to extend beyond its boundaries to include neighbouring towns and cities. With an aim to improve the connectivity, Signature bridge project was planned to reduce traffic load on Wazirabad Bridge that was also functioning at overcapacity and to connect Ghaziabad New Delhi. It was one of the major objectives of Government of Delhi to improve the mobility of vehicular traffic in the capital city. It is India’s first asymmetrical cable-stayed bridge that connects the city at Wazirabad across the river Yamuna to the inner city. While several articles have already been published on Signature Bridge, this paper presents these very difficult problems in designing some of the typical foundations and their highly ingenuous solutions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 30 Mar 2026 08:55:11 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2678109</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Evaluation of Base Grouted Drilled Shafts at the Audubon Bridge</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2192102</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The load test program for the Audubon Bridge project provides a comparison of the performance of base grouted and ungrouted shafts on large diameter foundations in sand. Comparison of several field load tests at the two pylon foundations indicate that the base grouting operations more than doubled the available base resistance, and provided for consistent load-deflection behavior in sand with varying properties. Base grouting of all the production shafts also provided a verification of axial resistance. The Audubon Bridge will be a new Mississippi River crossing near St. Francisville, Louisiana, and the two main pylons of the cable-stayed span are each supported by a 3 x 7 group of 2.29m (7.5ft) diameter drilled shafts. The drilled shafts bear in an alluvial sand and gravel formation at an elevation about 61m (200ft) below the surface. Underlying this formation was a clay with less potential base resistance for deep foundations.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 23 Mar 2026 15:24:24 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2192102</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Deep Soil Mixing (DSM) Columns to Improve Foundation Support for Bridge Approach Embankments</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2192056</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Bridge approach settlement is a common problem to the Transportation Departments nationwide. This uneven transition causes inconvenience to passengers and increases the cost of maintenance and repair of the distressed approach slabs. The Texas Department of Transportation spends millions of dollars annually to mitigate this problem across the state. The potential causes for this problem are numerous and purely site specific. Hence this problem may not have a unique solution. In an on-going research project, deep soil mixing (DSM) columns were utilized to stabilize soft subgrades and alleviate the bridge approach settlements. As a part of the assessment of DSM improvements, both embankment and foundation soils are extensively instrumented with inclinometers and extensometers to monitor for both lateral movements and settlements at different depths. Data collected from the instrumentation and a few laboratory experiments on the treated soil mixture were used to address the DSM treatment in stabilizing soft soils.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 23 Mar 2026 15:24:24 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2192056</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A new approach for detecting the damage of underground bridge foundations using transfer resistance</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2663632</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Natural disasters such as earthquakes and tsunamis have shown that bridge structures are an important part of the arterial roadways used for emergency transportation and evacuation. Accordingly, continuous research and retrofitting have been conducted on vulnerable bridge structures to mitigate potential damage. A common characteristic of these efforts is the lack of strengthening of the foundations, perhaps because their modelling assumptions led to a conservative structural design. Nevertheless, when the retrofitting specifies a large column capacity over the foundation, earthquake damage is likely to occur. To improve the decision-making, a methodology was proposed to identify bending damage based on the transfer resistance that reveals the error structure due to voltage sensing. Unstructured mesh discretisation modelling, non-deterministic external effects, and statistical error analysis were combined to minimise the error due to mesh gridding, consider temporal effects that increase the dispersion of the dataset, and quantify the correction parameters. Then, the residual power spectrum of the normalised error was used to observe the changes in the spatial component within the foundation and associate them with cracking patterns. By combining the residual power spectrum and reconstructed image, the earthquake bending damage could be identified as physical pathways controlled by reinforcement responses.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Feb 2026 11:00:15 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2663632</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Sensor Networks for Bridge Stability Safety Monitoring during Flood Induced Scour</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2234764</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Bridge Scour is the major cause of bridge collapses and some of which have resulted in loss of life in different parts of the world. Over the past half century there have been many different types of scour detection methods and systems, however these techniques are extremely heavy requiring special equipment to operate and to transport from bridge to bridge making it expensive to use for a large number of bridges. In this paper, a low-cost and continuous remote scour monitoring system using polymer fiber optic sensors (PFOSs) and MicroElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS) hardware is presented and the sensitivity and sensing capability of the PFOS system is discussed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 20 Feb 2026 15:28:28 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2234764</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Fragility Analysis of a Bridge with Consideration of Soil-Structure-Interaction Using Multi-Platform Analysis</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2234722</link>
      <description><![CDATA[It is widely accepted that flexible foundations affect the responses of structures beneficially or detrimentally depending on the nature of input ground motion, the effective response periods and hysteretic and radiation damping of soil-foundation domain. In most analytical procedures, the effects of flexible foundation are accounted for by using lumped springs the properties of which are obtained from empirical data and relationships. Due to the wide variation in soil material characteristics and foundation configuration, the simplified approach may not represent the real performance with acceptable accuracy. In this paper, a typical bridge representative of the Central and Eastern U.S. inventory is analyzed with consideration of soil-structure interaction where embankments, abutments, and foundations are modeled in OpenSees (PEER Center) with three-dimensional finite elements. The bridge structure is modeled in Zeus-NL (MAE Center) with fiber frame elements. The two analysis platforms are combined through the multi-site multi-platform hybrid simulation framework, UI-SIMCOR. The fragility curves of the bridge are derived based on a most realistic analytical approach.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 20 Feb 2026 15:28:28 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2234722</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Field test of internal visualization of deep-water pile foundation using ultrasonic waves</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2640224</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Early-age internal visualization is critical for timely assessing the quality of pile foundations, especially as super cross-sea bridges increase the diameter and length of pile foundations beyond the capabilities of traditional cross-hole sonic logging (CSL). This article introduces two innovations. First, ultrasonic instruments are specially developed to transmit waves through a concrete pile with a diameter of 4 m, a length of 92 m, and a water depth of 63 m, before the full hardening of concrete. Second, an imaging method is proposed to upgrade traditional CSL from 1D detection to 3D visualization. Both large-scale experiments and field tests are tested in the first 7 days after the concrete casting. The experiments successfully visualize typical construction defects, achieving a detection resolution of 18 cm for layered defects and 15 cm for void defects. During the field test, a low-pixel region is observed at the pile head, extending approximately 2.1 m deep, attributed to mud floating up during concrete casting into the steel casing. These developments in instrument technology and visualization methods provide essential tools for the quality evaluation of super pile foundations. Furthermore, the visualization data can support digital twin modeling in subsequent stages of construction and maintenance planning.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 17 Feb 2026 13:12:50 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2640224</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Analysis of scour-driven performance loss in battered drilled-shaft bridge foundations in a Korean macrotidal-estuary case</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2636288</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This transportation-geotechnics case study reconstructs the construction-stage performance loss and local failures of battered drilled-shaft bridge foundations in a macrotidal estuary by fusing high-resolution hydrographic surveys with nonlinear pile–soil interaction analysis. Multibeam bathymetry and side-scan sonar delineate asymmetric, pier-scale scour morphologies; while Acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) transects record spring-tide velocities up to 3.92 m/s (flood) and 3.75 m/s (ebb). Pile-integrity tests and core strengths confirm adequate material quality, directing the diagnosis toward geotechnical demand amplification due to scour and effective-embedment loss. Nonlinear p–y analyses considering intermediate geomaterials (IGM), combined with construction-log and MBES seabed surfaces, reproduce bending-moment hotspots 1–2 m below the mudline at sacrificial-casing toes. At two piers, near-minimum longitudinal reinforcement ratios (ρ1 = 0.51–0.66 %) accelerated the transition to tension-controlled response; at another, overturning resulted from inadequate lateral resistance of an incomplete shaft group. Realized scour depths were approximately twice the design estimate, yielding under-predicted lateral and bending demand during temporary works. The study recommends envelope-based scour evaluation within HEC-18/CSU, explicit casing-stiffness modeling, construction-stage load combinations, and routine MBES + ADCP monitoring with rapid updates, together with ρ1 ≥ 1 % near mudline critical sections. These measures support resilient design, construction management, and long-term asset performance in energetic estuaries.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 04 Feb 2026 16:28:52 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2636288</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SEAHIVE® solutions to mitigate bridge scour – Phase III (UM)</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2663128</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This is a collaborative research project conducted in partnership with Texas State University. Phases I and II of the project were conducted during AY24 and AY25. This one-year proposal is for Phase III of the three-phase project.  The objective of this research project is to show a proof-of-concept of using innovative hydraulic load dissipating elements, known as SEAHIVE®. This is a modular engineered protection system composed of concrete perforated hexagonal prisms. Perforations on the side faces of the elements provide passage for water flow dissipating the energy within the system while also adding structural complexity which improves its potential for habitat creation. 
SEAHIVE® has been under research and development at the University of Miami (UM) for wave energy dissipation and habitat enhancement with three pilot installations completed. This UTC study investigates the performance of the SEAHIVE® system intended for mitigating bridge scour. This project has the potential to create a consortium-wide effort for implementing the SEAHIVE® system into practice and changing how we design or retrofit bridge foundations for mitigating scour. Phase I focused on externally-prestressed elements given the mass production and scaling-up advantage. Externally prestressed (by Glass FRP rovings) units were produced by the dry-cast method with the same equipment used for the production of concrete pipes. Phase II focused on the production of internally-prestressed units using a revolutionary mold system. Using this technique, it will be possible to increase production efficiency and, as importantly, manufacture units of lengths up to 24 ft. that could be necessary for installation in riverine environments. The units produced with this technology were characterized.
Phase III deals with the production and characterization of elements made by wet-casting using a combination of randomly distributed short fibers for the control of cracking with and without the presence of transverse and longitudinal reinforcement made of GFRP bars. This investigation is made possible because of the special formwork that has recently been constructed as shown in Figure 1.
Figure1: Custom SEAHIVE® formwork 
The behavior of these units will be compared to others produced with the technologies investigated in the previous Phases I and II.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 31 Jan 2026 10:52:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2663128</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A Simplified Model to Predict Critical Shear Stress in Plastic Soils for Bridge Scour</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2633495</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Critical shear stress is the hydraulic stress at which soil erosion initiates. An estimate of critical shear stress is needed to predict bridge scour. Many empirical models are available for predicting the critical shear stress of plastic soils, but most are based on datasets with relatively low critical shear stresses. Furthermore, most models require numerous soil parameters. This study incorporated electrical resistivity to replace a variety of other parameters. The objective of this study was to develop an empirical model to predict the critical shear stress in plastic soils using the minimum number of soil parameters, including electrical resistivity. A method and rational for extracting electrical resistivity following data inversion was also addressed. The study included 76 soil samples from 28 bridge sites, the majority (66) were overbank samples, whereas the rest (10) were riverbed samples. Erosion testing was performed in an Erosion Function Apparatus and 13 soil properties were measured. Multiple variable screening criteria determined percent fines, liquid limit, and electrical resistivity as the statistically significant model variables for predicting critical shear stress. A design factor for implementing the model to predict scour was also recommended based on a probabilistic analysis along with an example application. The new critical shear stress model was compared to existing critical shear stress models to predict scour from which recommendations on the use of each model were provided. If adopted by transportation agencies, the recommendations may help to more accurately predict bridge scour, particularly at sites with high critical shear stresses.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 28 Jan 2026 08:52:14 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2633495</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Study on the cooling performance of hybrid thermosyphon: A case study of bridge pile foundations on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2630999</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Hybrid thermosyphons have shown promising results in artificial ground freezing and permafrost protection applications, but their high energy consumption remains a critical limitation for sustainable implementation. This paper presents a novel solar-assisted hybrid thermosyphon (SHT), which has three operating modes: active cooling, passive cooling, and hybrid cooling. Based on the thermal resistance method, the heat transfer model of the SHT is established, and a finite element calculation model is developed using a bridge pile foundation in the permafrost region as the research object. Numerical simulations show that SHT cools much better than traditional two-phase closed thermosyphons (TPCT), resulting in lower temperatures, faster cooling, and a wider cooling area throughout the year. The heat transfer performance of the SHT depends on both structural and operational parameters. The passive condensation section's thermal resistance (R1) decreases with higher wind speeds and larger thermosyphon diameters, while the active condensation section's resistance (R4) is positively correlated with the cooling tube diameter and negatively correlated with the thermosyphon diameter, refrigerant flow rate, and refrigerant temperature. For engineering applications, it is recommended to adjust the cooling effect by controlling the refrigerant temperature.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 22 Jan 2026 09:24:08 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2630999</guid>
    </item>
  </channel>
</rss>