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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <item>
      <title>LAW OF ROADS, BRIDGES AND FEDERAL MOTOR TRANSPORTATION, MEXICO, DECEMBER 22, 1993</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/484835</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This is a translation of the Mexican law regulating the construction, operation, use and conservation, and maintenance of roads and bridges, as well as the services of federal transportation which operate upon them.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 19 Aug 1998 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/484835</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE PILOT AS PART OF MODERN BRIDGE SYSTEMS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/437175</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper consider the role of the pilot in handling a ship in restricted waters using modern navigational aids.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/437175</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SHIP CONTROL WITH ELECTRONIC CHART AND PATH PREDICTION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/436269</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Trends towards cost reduction will lead to single handed bridge operation based on extensive automation. This expansion of automation converts the bridge to an operational centre for both navigational and supervisory tasks. The paper describes simulation experiments, the use of integrated electronic chart information and path prediction to improve ship control accuracy. Results show that the navigational performance using basic electronic chart information is at least equivalent to results using paper chart. A path predictor is especially effective when performing track keeping tasks with large course changes. The combination of electronic chart with path prediction will benefit navigational performance most effectively.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/436269</guid>
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      <title>ONE MAN BRIDGE CONTROL</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/437183</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The author reviews one man bridge control in general and goes on to examine the solutions to the problems that arise in the exacting bridge operations of offshore supply and anchor handling vessels.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/437183</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>AN INVESTIGATION OF PEAK SPREADING IN RELATION TO THE CROSS TYNE STUDY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/424876</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The River Tyne forms a major geographical barrier to traffic wishing to move north-south direction in the Tyne and Wear region.  The paper discusses a two phased study, The Cross Tyne Transportation Study.  The primary objective of the phase one study was to provide a full understanding of all trip movements by all modes across the Tyne.  The study provided detailed figures and trends on trip movements which came from roadside surveys and surveys of cross-river public transport passengers, together with detailed count information.  The second phase of the study was commissioned to determine whether an additional river crossing was justifiable at that time or, allowing for traffic growth, at what time in the future it would be justified.  In addition, the study considered both the type of crossing and where it should be located.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 27 Apr 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/424876</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION ON STANDARDS OF TRAINING, CERTIFICATION AND WATCHKEEPING FOR SEAFARERS, WITH ANNEX, 1978: MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES..., 96TH CONGRESS, 1ST SESSION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/388529</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This Convention establishes improved and often new international requirements for training, certification and watchkeeping for masters, officers and certain crew members of seagoing merchant ships. These requirements should provide more highly qualified personnel on board ships and thereby reduce maritime casualties and promote safety of life at sea and protection of the marine environment.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/388529</guid>
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      <title>DECAY AND RECOVERY OF WATCHSTANDING SKILLS FOLLOWING A TRAINING PROGRAM UTILIZING FULL-MISSION SIMULATION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/395371</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Bridge Watchstanding Program was developed to enhance the watchstanding knowledge, skills and bridge procedures of senior merchant marine deck officer candidates. It combines simulated shiphandling exercises with classroom instruction and instructional feedback. This study was an effort to examine the loss of skills across a nine-month period following training, and the degree to which skill loss was mitigated through the exposure to refresher training.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/395371</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>OVERALL SYSTEM RELIABILITY STANDARDS FOR ONE-MAN BRIDGE OPERATION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/400780</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The aim of this paper is to present some guidelines for developing a reliable one-man bridge system that offers improved operational safety and is acceptable to the IMO. According to the author, the overall reliability standard for the total bridge system--comprising the human operator, the technical systems, man/machine interface, and bridge procedures--should be established on the basis of an analysis of functional requirements and lessons learned from casualties. Specific factors that have a bearing on the development of such a standard are discussed. These include basic bridge functions; workloads and manning of the bridge; internal operational conditions related to the ship, and other operational conditions related to the external environment; basic principles of bridge design; and proper performance of the lookout function.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/400780</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SHIP BRIDGE LIGHTING: RED OR WHITE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/161989</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Although the superiority of red lighting over white in terms of subsequent dark adaptation is well-documented, the operational significance of this superiority is difficult to quantify. More operationally relevant measures are required in order for the user to evaluate the relative advantages and disadvantages of each type of lighting. The present study provides data showing the advantage of red pre-adaptaion in terms of visual detection range superiority for simulated-ship targets.  In addition, the merits of red lighting for the "darken ship" condition are discussed. (Author)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 12 Mar 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/161989</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>BRIDGE CONTROL BY COMPUTER</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/159176</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No Abstract.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 06 Feb 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/159176</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>MERCHANT VESSEL BRIDGE LAYOUT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/158396</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The work recognizes that equipment layout and instrumentation have, in the past, imposed serious limitations on the ships officer in the operation of his vessel.  The human factors considerations outlined in the report stress location and type of alarm and monitoring indicators, the proper position of communication elements and consideration of the physical size of the operation bridge.  Because the bridge is usually a large area, too often there is the temptation to scatter instrumentation from one end to the other, thus making its use difficult if not impossible.  The instrument and the control section of this manual is a very detailed treatment of the subject. For example, the use of pushbuttoms to control bow thrusters, speed and/or engine order telegraph has been tried in the past with questionable resutls.  The designer can determine what these limitations were by reviewing this section, making use of the data available.  He can see why it is essential that operating controls should not rely on illumination alone but should have a flag or lever or some other physical way for the operator to readily determine its position with relation to its operation.  One exception to this work is noted.  In the U.S. mode of bridge operation and manning total access to the front windows is highly favored, therefore, the recommendations for consoles against the forward bridge bulkhead might find resistance.  However, the rationale for the location of bridge equipment and the recommendation for partial access to the windows should overcome this objection.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 08 Oct 1980 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/158396</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>MIDSHIPMEN/CADET TRAINING EXPERIMENT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/149121</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A prototype experiment was conducted at CAORF to evaluate the effectiveness of a bridge simulator in the training of merchant marine academy cadets/midshipmen.  The preliminary (subjective) findings are given.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 22 Apr 1980 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/149121</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE INTEGRATED BRIDGE SYSTEM</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/142448</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Rising manpower costs along with diminishing manpower resources requires more efficient utilization of available shipboard personnel to maintain operational readiness of the Fleet.  To meet this need, an integrated bridge system was developed to demonstrate the feasibility of reducing bridge watch manning requirements while maintaining or improving effectiveness.  The system was designed to provide two centralized work situations from which bridge watchstanders could perform all bridge functions during routine steaming operations.  The system was installed onboard USS MCCANDLESS (ff-1084) and tested at sea over a seven month period. After more than 1800 hours of underway test and evaluation it was demonstrated that bridge watch manning could be reduced substantially while improving bridge effectiveness. During most routine independent and formation steaming operations there were four watch-standers in the pilot house: an Officer of the Deck, a Junior Officer of the Deck, a Steering and Propulsion Operator, and a Quartermaster of the Watch.  A forward and aft lookout were stationed at all times.  Ratings of bridge effectiveness showed the integrated bridge system to be significantly more effective than a conventional bridge in all functional areas except visual surveillance.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 29 Dec 1979 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/142448</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE SHIPS BRIDGE AND WHEELHOUSE ERGONOMIC DESIGN STUDY FOR THE UK DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/93749</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The study was conducted to establish the functions of the bridge, formulate principles of bridge design and prepare a "draft code of practice for bridge design".  The background to the study, the method by which the data was collected and analyzed and the composition of the "code of practice" are discussed.  Order from NSFI as No. 17211.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 15 Sep 1979 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/93749</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DIFFICULTIES IN SHIP MANOEUVRING WORK AND STRAIN EXPERIENCED BY SHIP MANOEUVRER</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/93761</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The data used in the paper were obtained from field researches since 1963, involving automated and non-automated cargo ships, oil tankers, container ships and ferries.  The methods used in the analysis of ship manoeuvring skills and strain or work load were: 1) analysis of verbal communication among navigation staff, 2) analysis of ship's movements and situations around the ship, 3) changes in biological or psychological functions of ship operator, and case study of real sea disasters.  Order from NSFI as No. 17205.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 15 Sep 1979 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/93761</guid>
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