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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
    <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <title>Assessment of seabed litter at Concepción Seamount (Canary island) using a remotely operated towed vehicle</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2347662</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The seafloor is recognised as a major sink for marine litter. However, studies conducted in this compartment addressing marine litter densities and its interactions with fauna are scarce, mainly due to sampling constraints. In this paper, the authors assess marine litter density, composition and interactions with marine communities and evaluate its relationship with fishing activities at the “Banco de la Concepción” seamount (Canary Islands, Spain). The authors took advantage of underwater video records taken with a Remotely Operated Towed Vehicle in the framework of the LIFE IP INTEMARES project.A total of 56 video transects were analysed covering about 9 km with 19 h of video recording. Transects were categorised as high, medium, and null fishing effort based on the Vessel Monitoring System (VMS) positional data registered between 2009 and 2017. Litter items were recorded in 70% of the transects with a mean density of 2122 (±2464) items km−2. There were significant differences in litter densities over the three levels of fishing pressure, with a density decrease from stations of high to stations of null fishing pressure. Regarding categories, plastic was by far the most abundant category found (83.1%), mainly consisting of fishing lines, both monofilaments and entangled longlines. The study of the interactions of marine litter with fauna showed that less than 20% of the items presented an interaction with benthic organisms either by causing or not a visible impact. The sponge Asconema setubalense accounted for more than half (57.4%) of all interactions, but only 5% of all A. setubalense specimens showed physical damage.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 20 Mar 2024 09:12:13 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2347662</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>140 years-long sedimentary records of PAHs and CN stable isotopes from Ninomiya River, Japan</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2251223</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Anthropogenic activities' impacts over 140 years were studied at West Nanao Bay using a variety of geochemical techniques on sedimentary records. The bay is influenced by the Ninomiya River which is fed by a small watershed at which Tatzuruhama Town is located. Sedimentation rate was calculated using ²¹⁰Pb-excess and ¹³⁷Cs activities. C/N decreased after 1975, indicating a decrease in lignin-rich organic matter. From δ¹³C, g¹⁵N and biogenic silica it was indicated that the population increased sewage-discharges until the construction of waste-water treatment plant in 1986. Several recorded changes in the landuse matched with the variation of the particle size. Total PAHs concentration was 1.17–62.78 μg g⁻¹, being highest during Japan's fastest economic growth period (1946–1975). Using diagnostic ratios and PCA analysis, PAHs' sources were identified as pyrogenic for all depths, varying from coal combustion (90.7 %) before 1946 to a mixture of biomass and vehicle combustion after 1961.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 22 Feb 2024 16:14:05 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2251223</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Inferences on Sediment Production and Transport at Carbonate Beaches Using Larger Foraminifera</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2153433</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In the tropical Central and West Pacific as well as in the East Indian Ocean the symbiont-bearing benthic foraminifera (single celled marine organisms getting size of a few millimeters) are the main producers of calcium-carbonate grains deposited at carbonate beaches. The proportion of larger foraminifera tests on sand grains ranges from 20 to 95 %. This amount depends on the two factors productivity and transport, since the larger foraminifers do not live on or in the sandy bottom near the beaches, but prefer firm substrate in high-energy environments close to the front of coral reefs. Therefore, foraminiferal tests are produced in extreme numbers on the reef crest that is covered by filamentous macroalgae or in the transition zone between the crest and the reef moat. After the release of the test by reproduction or death, empty tests are entrained through the high water energy acting at the reef crest and transported. This transport depends on the direction and intensity of currents connecting the production area (reef crest and transition to the moat) with the deposition area (central moat, lagoon, beach). Devastation of the production area and/or the interruption or diversion of water flow hinders the accumulation of larger foraminifera tests at the beach. Understanding the ecology of larger foraminifera in combination with the transport of empty tests is thus necessary to preserve the equilibrium between deposition and removal of sand at carbonate beaches.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 25 Apr 2023 16:33:58 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2153433</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>A preliminary study of soft bottom benthic communities in an area affected by intense maritime traffic (Slovenian Sea, Northern Adriatic)</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2112265</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Maritime traffic and port activities pose several environmental and ecological problems in the marine environment. The purpose of this study was to provide baseline data for the future assessment of anthropogenic impacts related with port activities in Slovenian Sea (Northern Adriatic Sea). The macrobenthic communities near the port of Koper, as well as sites offshore were analysed. Results showed that the sites offshore were generally richer and more structured than sites inside the Port area. Those differences were explained partly by depth and sediment grain size. The ecological quality indicated by M-AMBI index resulted Good/High at all the sampling sites. However, the k-dominance curves indicated a disturbance at certain sites, in particular in the port channels. This work highlights the need for consistent monitoring programs to provide baseline data for future studies assessment of anthropogenic impacts.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 15 Mar 2023 16:45:31 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2112265</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Meiofaunal communities in four Adriatic ports: Baseline data for risk assessment in ballast water management</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1533229</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Ports receive a variety of contaminants related to a wide range of anthropogenic activities – including ship ballast water (BW) – that ultimately find their way to sediments. Benthic meiofauna from four Adriatic ports (Ancona, Trieste, Koper, and Split) was assessed for the main environmental pollutants, to evaluate the effects of human activities on meiobenthos and identify the most appropriate descriptor to assess the ecological quality of marine ecosystems. Sediment analysis demonstrated that Trieste and Split were the most contaminated ports, followed by Koper and Ancona. All meiofaunal parameters showed high spatial and temporal variability, in line with the marked heterogeneity of the four ports. Sand, total organic carbon, and pollutants seemed to be the variables that best explained meiofaunal patterns. Community structure and rare taxa were the meiofaunal descriptors that reflected the environmental status and biological response most accurately. The present data suggest that meiofauna can be used to assess the biological impact of BW.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 17 Nov 2021 14:25:47 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1533229</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Anchor and chain scour as disturbance agents in benthic environments: trends in the literature and charting a course to more sustainable boating and shipping</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1744877</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Millions of recreational boats and ~ 65,000 ocean-going merchant ships anchor routinely. Anchor and chain scour associated with these vessels mechanically disturb the seabed having implications for marine environments globally. The authors' review summarises the scientific literature that examines the response of biota to anchor scour across five habitats; unvegetated sediments; seagrass; rhodolith beds; coral and rocky reefs. Forty-one studies met the authors' criteria with >85% of articles targeting recreational-based disturbances, mostly focussed on seagrass. Investigations of anchor scour from ships comes almost exclusively from cruise ships anchoring on coral reef. All research examined reported biota responding negatively to anchor scour, either directly or indirectly. Effects to biota were dependent on the spatio-temporal scale of the perturbation or the life-histories of the organisms impacted. The authors highlight several key knowledge gaps requiring urgent investigation and suggest a range of management strategies to work towards sustainable anchoring practices and the preservation of valuable seabed environments.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 27 Oct 2020 12:21:06 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1744877</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Macrozoobenthos in the Adriatic Sea ports: Soft-bottom communities with an overview of non-indigenous species</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1589273</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The present paper is a contribution to the first initiative of the Port Baseline Survey (PBS) for Non-indigenous species (NIS) in the Mediterranean Sea. It presents a report on the soft-bottom macrobenthos from the five Adriatic ports: Bari, Ancona (Italy), Koper (Slovenia), Pula, Rijeka (Croatia), with a focus on the presence and contribution of NIS to native assemblages. Out of 451 species identified, only four were common to all ports. A total of eight NIS were recorded, five in surveyed ports and three in the lagoon connected to the Port of Koper. The highest number of NIS was recorded in Bari, and the highest abundance in Ancona and Bari. Generally, the number, abundance and contribution of NIS seems too low to cause a substantial impact on native communities in surveyed ports. The suitability of methods adopted for PBS for soft-bottom NIS was discussed and suggestion for methodological improvement is provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:15:27 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1589273</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Spatio-temporal benthic biodiversity patterns and pollution pressure in three Mediterranean touristic ports</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1537686</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Mediterranean Sea is one of the busiest areas worldwide in terms of maritime activity, facing considerable anthropogenic disturbance, such as pollution by hydrocarbons and heavy metals. The present study has evaluated the environmental and benthic biodiversity characteristics of three touristic ports, Cagliari (Sardinia, Italy), Heraklion (Crete, Greece) and El Kantaoui (Tunisia), based on the combined assessment of physical parameters, chemical variables (i.e. nutrients, pigments), sediment pollution and macrobenthic biodiversity. Different port sectors (leisure, fishing, passenger, cargo, shipyard) and different seasons (winter, before touristic period, after touristic period) were compared. Salinity and sediment concentration of copper and antimony were the three environmental parameters most highly correlated with benthic species composition and diversity. Both the environmental variables and the benthic biodiversity patterns were significantly different between the three ports (i.e. different geographical locations). Heraklion port was heavily polluted by AHs in surface and anoxic sediments and had the highest percentage of opportunistic species, while Cagliari had the highest levels of PAHs and UCM and low species richness. El Kantaoui port was less polluted and characterised by a richer biodiversity. The shipyard sector in Heraklion port was significantly different from all other sectors in terms of abiotic and biotic parameters. Physico-chemical and pollution variables recorded during the period after tourism (late summer) were significantly different from the ones recorded in winter. Seasonal differences were not significant between benthic species diversity patterns, but were revealed when the patterns derived from the aggregation of higher taxonomic levels were compared. The present study indicates that a regular-basis monitoring plan including evaluation of environmental health based on benthic biodiversity, can provide a basis for perceiving changes and reveal the degree of anthropogenic disturbance in port environments.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 20 Sep 2018 16:37:19 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1537686</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Impact of a harbour construction on the benthic community of two shallow marine caves</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1533231</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Marine caves are unique and vulnerable habitats, threatened by multiple global and local disturbances. Whilst the effects of climate change on marine caves have already been investigated, no information exists about the effects of local human impacts, such as coastal development, on these habitats. This study investigated the impact of the construction of a touristic harbour on two shallow underwater marine caves in the Ligurian Sea (NW Mediterranean). As a standard methodology for monitoring marine caves does not exist yet, changes over time on the benthic community were assessed adopting two different non-taxonomic descriptors: trophic guilds and growth forms. Harbour construction caused an increase of sediment load within the caves, with a consequent decline of filter feeder organisms. Abundance of small organisms, such as encrusting and flattened sponges, was greatly reduced in comparison to organisms with larger and erect growth forms, such as domed mounds and pedunculated sponges. The authors' study indicated that growth forms and trophic guilds are effective descriptors for evaluating changes over time in marine caves, and could be easily standardised and applied in monitoring plans. In addition, as the harbour construction impacted differently according to the cave topography, the use of a systematic sampling in different zones of an underwater cave is recommended.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 28 Aug 2018 17:19:13 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1533231</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Large-scale assessment of benthic communities across multiple marine protected areas using an autonomous underwater vehicle</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1526575</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Marine protected areas (MPAs) are designed to reduce threats to biodiversity and ecosystem functioning from anthropogenic activities. Assessment of MPAs effectiveness requires synchronous sampling of protected and non-protected areas at multiple spatial and temporal scales. The authors used an autonomous underwater vehicle to map benthic communities in replicate 'no-take' and 'general-use' (fishing allowed) zones within three MPAs along 7o of latitude. The authors recorded 92 taxa and 38 morpho-groups across three large MPAs. The authors found that important habitat-forming biota (e.g. massive sponges) were more prevalent and abundant in no-take zones, while short ephemeral algae were more abundant in general-use zones, suggesting potential short-term effects of zoning (5-10 years). Yet, short-term effects of zoning were not detected at the community level (community structure or composition), while community structure varied significantly among MPAs. The authors conclude that by allowing rapid, simultaneous assessments at multiple spatial scales, autonomous underwater vehicles are useful to document changes in marine communities and identify adequate scales to manage them. This study advanced knowledge of marine benthic communities and their conservation in three ways. First, the authors quantified benthic biodiversity and abundance, generating the first baseline of these benthic communities against which the effectiveness of three large MPAs can be assessed. Second, the authors identified the taxonomic resolution necessary to assess both short and long-term effects of MPAs, concluding that coarse taxonomic resolution is sufficient given that analyses of community structure at different taxonomic levels were generally consistent. Yet, observed differences were taxa-specific and may have not been evident using our broader taxonomic classifications, a classification of mid to high taxonomic resolution may be necessary to determine zoning effects on key taxa. Third, the authors provide an example of statistical analyses and sampling design that once temporal sampling is incorporated will be useful to detect changes of marine benthic communities across multiple spatial and temporal scales.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 16 Aug 2018 09:44:34 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1526575</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Seabed recovery following protective burial of subsea cables - Observations from the continental margin</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1509806</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Subsea communication and power cables are critical infrastructure whose protection is paramount, especially on the continental shelf where fishing and ships’ anchors cause ~70% of cable faults. Protection is often afforded by cable burial and this paper deals mainly with physical seabed recovery from that process. Varied sedimentary environments and different modes of cable burial mean that recovery is site-specific. Repeated seabed surveys show restoration is fastest where cables are buried by ploughing in zones of high sediment supply and energetic waves/currents such as on the inner to middle continental shelf (~0–80?m water depth - WD). There, recovery can take weeks to 1–2yr. As sediment supply and wave/current activity reduce offshore, recovery from ploughing on the outer shelf (~80–130?m WD) is typically longer than in shallower depths. Recovery from water-jetted trenching, which can be more disturbing than ploughing, can take =5yr. On the upper continental slope (130–2000m WD), trenches infill after ~8yr where sediment supply is high, but =15yr where supply is low. Surveys also suggest that benthic communities recover at rates similar to physical restoration. With few exceptions, the physical presence of a cable and the disturbance caused by its burial have little effect on the benthos studied.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 01 Jun 2018 08:42:39 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1509806</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Long-term methods for high-definition image maps of benthic surveys</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1286599</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Coral reef health assessment has relied on benthic photographic surveys as an essential measurement tool for decades. The emergence of gigapixel image (1 billion pixels) stitching technologies makes possible the creation of high-definition benthic image map surveys (HDBIMS). These image maps provide the traditional overall percentage coverage data. In addition, they allow zoom capabilities in such detail that scientists can, for example, count the polyps on a coral head. While the image maps are easily viewed over the Internet, they are challenging to produce. Numerous previous studies have contributed to the advancement of high-definition benthic survey methods. This ongoing HDBIMS study is focused on production methods that (1) produce the best image quality for the lowest cost, (2) provide accurate and repeatable results at any depth over time, and (3) utilize off-the-shelf (OTS) stitching software that allows accurate results that can be reviewed in the field. This structured approach to image acquisition, integrated with the OTS grid-oriented stitching software, produces highly accurate benthic image maps.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 27 Jan 2014 10:45:49 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1286599</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The effects of stream channelization on bottom dwelling organisms : phase 2 report : 1975 construction season</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/865382</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 04 Aug 2008 14:22:08 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/865382</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The effects of stream channelization on bottom dwelling organisms : phase 1 report : 1974 construction season</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/865381</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 04 Aug 2008 14:22:01 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/865381</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>LOUISIANA OFFSHORE TERMINAL AUTHORITY ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING, 2001-2002 MARINE/ESTUARINE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/659797</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The current Louisiana Offshore Oil Port (LOOP) monitoring program includes seasonal monitoring of aquatic and marine resources, sediment composition, and water quality on a five-year cycle.  These data provide an update to the existing long-term LOOP dataset that was collected annually from 1979 to 1994, as well as a measure of natural environmental variability in the project area.  The monitoring program was designed to identify environmental impacts that could occur due to offshore vessel operations (at the Single-Point Mooring and Terminal Complex), brine discharge, storage facility operations, and pipeline construction and operation.  Inshore benthic samples were collected utilizing a 0.023 sq m Ekman grab sampler.  Five replicates were collected at each inshore Lake Jesse and Clovelly station.  Offshore samples were collected with a 0.1 sq m Smith-McIntyre grab sampler.  There were six replicates collected at each station adjacent to the LOOP brine diffuser and seven replicates collected at each station in the area of the LOOP Marine Terminal Complex (offshore).  Samples were collected during August and November 2001 and June 2002. Environmental data and hydrographic profiles were conducted in conjunction with the benthic sampling.  Sediment core samples were collected at the inshore benthic stations using a Barret-type coring device.  Sediment core samples collected at the offshore benthic stations were collected using a Smith-McIntyre Grab sampler.  Samples were analyzed for Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) and grain size (percent gravel, sand, silt, clay).  Results of all data collection and analyses are presented in this report.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 02 Jul 2003 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/659797</guid>
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