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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>BEHAVIOUR OF BEAMS AND STIFFENERS WITH ASYMMETRIC SHAPES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/431309</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The bending behaviour of two typical ship structural members is discussed.  The first is the torque free beam with non-symmetrical flanges used in the so-called Ermans sliding hatch cover system.  The second is the non-symmetrical section in the case of panels stiffened with angle bar.  Elastic and plastic behaviour was investigated and the possibilities for estimating the fully plastic collapse load are discussed.  To support the theory, model tests were conducted, and results compared with computations.  This investigation is the result of a series of structural failures caused by insufficient knowledge of the load carrying capacity of such structural members.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/431309</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>TENSION-BENDING AND SHEAVE BENDING FATIGUE OF PARALLEL LAY ARAMID ROPES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/434602</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The paper describes fatigue tests on parallel lay (Parafil) ropes of the aramid fibre Kevlar 49. Detailed descriptions are given of the test procedures for tension-bending and sheave bending fatigue. the tension-bending tests were intended to produce failures at the mouth of the termination, but most failures occurred at the deflector; one test was stopped after 1 million cycles. No curvature in the rope could be measured at the termination, indicating that the rope is acting as a bundle of individual fibres of negligible stiffness. The sheave bending tests produced lifetimes of about 4000 cycles when tested at up to 50% of the static breaking strength.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/434602</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>TEST OF ALTERNATING BENDING STRENGTH OF SHIPBUILDING STEELS AFFECTED BY CORROSION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/438118</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No abstract provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/438118</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A SIMPLIFIED ANALYSIS OF THE STRENGTH OF STIFFENED BOX MEMBERS IN COMPRESSION AND BENDING</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/438981</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A simple yet accurate method is presented for computing the ultimate strength of stiffened box members in combined compression and bending as an extension of a previously proposed algorithm for unstiffened box sections. The method is based on the strut approach, which is widely used for a strength analysis of stiffened plate panels in compression. The computed results for simply supported stiffened plates in compression and bending compare well with available solutions obtained from a more sophisticated FEM analysis. the results are further discussed in relation to various aspects.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/438981</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>TESTING AND ANALYSIS OF A 1/3-SCALE WELDED STEEL FRIGATE MODEL</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/439873</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Results of tests on a 1/3-scale steel frigate model representing a typical warship hull structure subject to bending loads are presented.  Experimental results are discussed and compared with theoretical strength predictions and suggestions are made for further research.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/439873</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ON THE BENDING AND TRANSVERSE SHEARING BEHAVIOUR OF CURVED SANDWICH PANELS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/440113</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The advantages of sandwich construction have been known for a long time.  In the small-craft industry, the sandwich principle has been used for many years.  It has been the favoured solution mainly for boat decks.  However, sandwich construction is nowadays gaining more popularity also in hulls.  There are major differences between the behaviour of sandwich and single-skin structures.  As a consequence, the design of sandwich structures requires some additional considerations.  Curved panels are typical of small-craft hulls.  Apart from in-plane loads due to the global bending of the hull, they are loaded by hydrostatic pressure and wave-induced slamming pressure.  The influence of the curvature of sandwich panel on the bending behaviour, face strain and the transverse shear strain distributions has been examined using the nonlinear finite-element methods.  The behaviour has been analysed under two different load types, a constant pressure distribution and a slamming pressure distribution, which is typical of boat hulls.  Different types of bending responses have been found depending on the curvature of the sandwich panels.  The results show that it is necessary to perform a geometric nonlinear analysis in order to get reliable results.  For panels with higher curvature, transverse shear strains decrease by 50-90% as compared to flat plates.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/440113</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ON THE RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT OF DOUBLE SKINNED HULL STRUCTURES AGAINST ULTIMATE BENDING AND FATIGUE STRENGTHS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/441683</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In this paper, the reliability analysis of a double skinned hull structure against the ultimate and fatigue strengths under longitudinal bending is presented.  The ultimate bending strength is obtained through the beam-column approach in which the load-end shortening curves (stress-strain curves) of stiffened plates under uni-axial compression are derived using the concept of plastic hinge collapse.  The fatigue damage only is considered as fatigue failure for which the Miner's damage rule is employed. Fatigue reliability is assessed for the possible joint types found in deck structures.  The reliability is assessed for the possible joint types found in deck structures.  The reliability analysis of a series system, of which elements are ultimate and fatigue failure, is also included.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/441683</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>INFLUENCE FROM NONELASTIC MATERIAL MODELLING IN COMPUTER SIMULATION OF FLEXIBLE RISER SYSTEM VERIFIED BY FULL-SCALE MEASUREMENTS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/441890</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Field measurements of flexible riser dynamics are compared to stochastic time domain simulations using a state of the art finite element program for analysis of flexible risers. Discrepancies observed in earlier comparisons are explained by nonelastic behaviour of the flexible pipe.  The nonelastic properties are in the present study modelled by a combination of nonlinear stiffness and internal friction.  The resulting pipe model shows an amplitude dependent hysteric effect, as well as a variable dynamic bending stiffness.  The simulations show that both the hysteretic damping and the variable dynamic stiffness have a considerable influence on the dynamic curvature.  It is concluded that the nonelastic cross-section model corresponds well with the actually measured behaviour of the pipe, and previously reported discrepancies are to a large extent eliminated.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/441890</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>OPTIMISING FOAM SANDWICH COMPOSITES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/445313</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In this investigation, the bending stiffness and strength of GRP/pvc foam sandwich beams were determined analytically and compared with experimentally determined values.  Accurate correlation enabled the justification of theory to predict dimensions for a sandwich beam that will provide required bending stiffness or strength with minimum weight.  A computer program was written which incorporates the validated theory and assists in the design of weight optimised sandwich beams.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/445313</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>TANKER STRUCTURES COOPERATIVE FORUM PROJECT 300: PILOT STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF PITTING UPON THE STRENGTH OF PLATES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/387995</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report presents a simplified analytical approach for assessing the effect of pitting upon the eigen-frequencies and bending capacity of plates. Six plates have been tested for eigen- frequencies and bending capacity. Five of these plates have been machined to simulate different intensities and depths of pitting. The experiments and the results are presented in this report. The pilot study has been carried out as part of the Tanker Structure Cooperative Forum activities in 1984.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/387995</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>MODAL HULL PROPERTIES FOR A SMALL SHIP--A COMPARISON OF VLASSOV- TIMOSHENKO BEAM THEORY AND TWO-DIMENSIONAL FEM MODELLING WITH FULL- SCALE MEASUREMENTS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/395963</link>
      <description><![CDATA[When analyzing the dynamic properties of a ship performing bending or torsional vibrations, the determination of the ship's modal properties is an important intermediate step. In this paper the hull is modelled with a two-dimensional finite element method for vertical modes and with a Vlassov-Timoshenko beam model for vertical and coupled torsional-horizontal modes. The entrained water is calculated with a finite volume method and represented so as to be independent of mode shape. The resulting natural frequencies and mode shapes are then compared with extensive full scale measurements. The correlation between measurements and calculations is essentially the same for the two models, with a mean discrepancy of about 6%.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/395963</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>BEHAVIOR OF BEAMS AND STIFFENERS WITH ASYMMETRIC SHAPES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/396372</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The load carrying capacity in the plastic and elastic states was studied for two typical ship structural members consisting of beams with nonsymmetrical sections. One was the section that results from stiffening panels with an angle bar, and the other was the torque- free beam with nonsymmetrical section that is used in the Ermans hatch cover.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/396372</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE EFFECT OF SERVICE LOADING ON THE BENDING STRENGTH OF CONCRETE TIES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/177196</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Concrete tie bending strength tests were conducted by Battelle-Columbus Laboratories at Columbus, Ohio, as part of the Tie and Fastener Verification Studies contract (DOT-FRA-1652) sponsored by the FRA Office of Rail Safety Research. The object of the testing was to determine the effects of service loading on the strength of concrete ties and to formulate assumptions about the economy of their use compared to wood ties. Of interest, also, is the comparison of concrete ties meeting the 1973 AREA structural requirements to earlier design types and to the manufacturers' test results. Used and unused ties from the same production runs were provided by the Transportation Test Center, Pueblo, Colorado, from a rebuilt section of the FAST track. Tabulations of tie strength for each group are presented, methods of testing are described, and the significance of the findings is discussed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 28 May 1982 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/177196</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>TRACK COMPONENT PROPERTY TESTS. VOLUME II - RAIL, TIES, JOINT-BARS AND FASTENERS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/162125</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report describes the test procedures and the results of the tests on the physical properties of rail, concrete ties, jointbars and fasteners. The properties obtained are the torsional rigidity of rail, bending rigidity of concrete ties, bending stiffness of jointbars and fastener resistance to rotation about the vertical, lateral and longitudinal axis. The components tests were run on two rail sections, 115 RE and 136 RE, on five different concrete ties, on 136 RE rail joint bars, and on five fasteners configurations on the two different rails on wood ties and two configurations on the 115 RE rail on concrete ties.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 19 Nov 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/162125</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SPECIAL RESEARCH REPORT COMPUTER DESIGN OF GLUED LAMINATED TIMBER BRIDGE SYSTEMS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/30538</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report presents investigations of the use of glued laminated structural timber for system building of short span bridges. With the recent developments and performance appraisal of glued laminated components, the all-timber bridge becomes attractive. Longitudinal stringers with transverse decking properly designed and preservatively treated, produces a system which is easy to erect, enduring and has little maintenance requirements. Investigations also include using steel and prestressed girders with vertically glued laminated decking. Computer programs are developed to design two types of systems: glulam girders with glulam deck and prestressed spread box girders with glulam deck. Design information provided in this report is adequate to enable comparisons of the systems and to build prototypes to study the systems under real conditions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 10 Mar 1976 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/30538</guid>
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