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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>DOLOS ARMOR UNITS USED ON RUBBLE-MOUND BREAKWATER TRUNKS SUBJECTED TO NONBREAKING WAVES WITH NO OVERTOPPING</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/57944</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This investigation describes a portion of a research effort to provide fundamental data for the design of rubble-mound breakwaters. This report addresses the use of dolos armor on breakwater trunks subjected to nonbreaking waves and with no overtopping. The majority of the tests reported herein were designed to determine the stability coefficient, K, and runup and rundown values for the above conditions. Additional limited tests were conducted to show what effects (1) varying the first underlayer stone material from 1/5 to 1/20 of the armor weight (Wr) would have on armor stability, wave runup, and wave rundown; (2) placing the dolosse in selected geometric patterns would have on stability; and (3) reducing the number of dolosse used in the cover layer would have on stability.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 14 Mar 2002 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/57944</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>HOLLAND</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/123699</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A NEW CONSTRUCTION CONCEPT WAS DEVELOPED PRIMARILY TO PROTECT CANALS AND OTHER WATER-WAYS FROM SCOUR AND EROSION. IT INVOLVES PLACING DOUBLE WALLED CLOTH MATTRESS MATERIAL OVER THE BANK OR OTHER AREA TO BE PROTECTED. THE TWO LAYERS OF CLOTH, PREFERABLY NYLON, ARE WOVEN TOGETHER EVERY SIX OR EIGHT INCHES AT TIE POINTS. MULTIPLE SECTIONS OF SUCH MATTRESS MAY BE JOINED TO COVER WIDE AREAS. WHEN PROPERLY POSITIONED AND SECURED, CEMENT MORTAR IS PUMPED INTO THE MATTRESS TO INFLATE IT SO IT RESEMBLES COBBLESTONE PAVING. THE SIZE OF THE COBBLES DEPENDS ON THE SPACING OF THE TACK POINTS. ONE SECTION IS PUMPED AT A TIME UNTIL THE SCHEME IS COMPLETED. THE SYSTEM CAN BE USED TO PAVE A STREAM BED BY STRETCHING THE MATERIAL FROM ONE BANK TO THE OTHER, EVEN WHERE STRONG CURRENTS EXIST. THIS DUTCH PROCESS IS BEING INTRODUCED INTO THE U. S. CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY UNDER THE TRADE-MARK FABRIFORM. NEW APPLICATIONS SUCH AS PILE JACKETING, TUNNEL LINING, BEACH PROTECTION, SMALL DAM ENCASEMENT, ETC. ARE BEING TESTED OR STUDIED.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 05 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/123699</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>BIOLOGICAL IMPACTS OF MINOR SHORELINE STRUCTURES ON THE COASTAL ENVIRONMENT: STATE OF THE ART REVIEW. VOLUME I</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/150914</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The types of structures included in this study were as follows: breakwaters, jetties, groins, bulkheads, revetments, ramps, piers and other support structures, buoys and floating platforms, harbors for small craft, bridges and causeways. Information was extracted from the literature and compiled by type of shoreline structure and by Coastal region. Existing information was evaluated and a text was prepared (Volume I). An annotated bibliography, keyword index, and primary author reference number index were produced from the data base (Volume II). Structures which appear to have the greatest potential for impacting the coastal environment are small boat harbors, bridges and causeways, bulkheads, breakwaters, and jetties. Those with moderate impact potential are revetments, groins, and ramps. Low-impact potential structures include buoys and floating platforms, and piers, pilings and other support structures. Based on this classification scheme and the number and types of information sources located, bridges, causeways, and small boat harbors have received very little study relative to their potential impacts.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 27 Aug 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/150914</guid>
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      <title>BREAKWATERS. 1976-JULY, 1980 (CITATIONS FROM THE NTIS DATA BASE)</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/162430</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The bibliography is divided into two sections. Section 1 covers general studies on breakwaters which include design, construction materials, maintenance, and hydrodynamics. Section 2 is limited to studies for specific harbors, bays or coastal regions. (This updated bibliography contains 118 citations, 18 of which are new entries to the previous edition.)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 18 Feb 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/162430</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>A SUMMARY OF WAVE DATA NEEDS AND AVAILABILITY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/143773</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The paper consists of three parts. First is a summary of the wave data needs of three classes of maritime interests: (a) designers of ships and floating and fixed offshore platforms, (b) regulatory bodies and classification societies primarily interested in safety and environmental protection, and (c) operators concerned with ship routing and offshore activities such as oil and mineral recovery and energy production. The second part is a summary of the status of wave data, and the third part is a set of conclusions. The present wave data base to meet the developing needs of designers of ship and offshore structures, regulatory bodies, and operators is incomplete. To complete it using only in situ measurement methods such as buoys appears impractical. However, these do have important use in the collection of data for special areas of interest, particularly where severe seas are known to occur, and for verification and calibration of hindcast and satellite measurement techniques. The two most promising means of developing the required wave climatology appear to be: (a) by hindcasting techniques and (b) by satellite observations. Hindcasting techniques, which can produce broadband directional spectra, are well advanced but require additional verification. Satellite techniques and hardware will not be available for some years. Visual observations by mariners continue; although these observations cannot provide quantitative (spectral) data, they are valuable for estimating long-term wave-height distribution. (Author)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 30 Jan 1980 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/143773</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>BREAKWATERS. VOLUME 1. 1964-1975 (A BIBLIOGRAPHY WITH ABSTRACTS)</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/75516</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The bibliography is divided into two sections. Section 1 covers general studies on breakwaters which include design, construction materials, maintenance, and hydrodynamics. Section 2 is limited to studies for specific harbors, bays, or coastal regions. (This updated bibliography contains 205 abstracts, none of which are new entries to the previous edition.)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 31 Oct 1979 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/75516</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>BREAKWATERS. VOLUME 2. 1976-JULY, 1978 (A BIBLIOGRAPHY WITH ABSTRACTS)</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/75517</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The bibliography is divided into two sections. Section 1 covers general studies on breakwaters which include design, construction materials, maintenance, and hydrodynamics. Section 2 is limited to studies for specific harbors, bays, or coastal regions.  (This updated bibliography contains 95 abstracts, 20 of which are new entries to the previous edition.)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 31 Oct 1979 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/75517</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW DREDGING PROCEDURES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/82956</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report describes and evaluates three field tests conducted to determine the feasibility of using seagoing hopper dredges to obtain materials from the offshore zone for delivery to eroded beaches. The tests were conducted at Sea Girt, New Jersey; Jacksonville, Florida and Virginia Beach, Virginia. The tests focused on the capabilities of the dredging equipment, including the systems of equipment used to deliver dredged material to beach areas, and on the operation practices employed in dredging and delivery. As a result of the tests and their evaluation the author concludes that advances in the capabilites of dredging equipment are conducive to increased use of seagoing hopper dredges for excavation of material from the offshore zone and delivery to beach areas. The report includes recommendations for further testing of alternative systems for delivery of dredged material to eroded beaches, including components such as mooring buoys, flexible connectors and discharge pipelines. The report also identifies the need for a national study of the availability of materials in the offshore zone for use in beach nourishment. (Author)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 11 Jul 1979 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/82956</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>CHESAPEAKE BAY HYDRAULIC MODEL</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/80861</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The hydraulic model was constructed as part of the Baltimore District, Corps of Engineers, comprehensive study of Chesapeake Bay.  The program involves a complete investigation and study of water use and control of the Chesapeake Bay Basin.  It also includes navigation, flood control, fisheries, control of noxious weeds, water pollution, water quality control, beach erosion, and recreation.  An extensive vacuum-operated salinity sampling system throughout the model permits the expedient collection of water samples which can be analyzed later.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 13 Jan 1979 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/80861</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ATLANTIC OFFSHORE PROGRAM</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/71082</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This is a summary of a preliminary plan offered to the federal government and to the tidewater states of the east coast to initiate a comprehensive program to obtain vital information to protect and use the nation's Atlantic offshore resources.  This is primarily a technical and scientific plan to address and find answers to critical problems confronting the users of offshore areas and to propose plans to understand nature's fundamental processes at work off-shore.  This summary suggests how the program might be managed, how long it will take, how much it might cost, and where the resources might be found to pay for it. This plan also addresses the questions of how tidewater states can benefit, how the results will be made available, and how the public can participate in setting program directions and benefit from knowledge gained.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 29 Jul 1978 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/71082</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>RUTTING PREDICTION IN ASPHALT CONCRETE PAVEMENTS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/58745</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The state-of-the-art paper summarizes a number of procedures to either limit rutting to some specific amount or to estimate the expected quantity from repetitive traffic loading.  Two methods are suggested for estimating permanent deformation from long-term loading.  From a design standpoint, the procedue for limiting the rutting to some prescribed amount that is based on a limiting subgrade strain criterion is the procedure that could be used with more confidence since these criteria have been developed from analysis of existing design procedures and field trials.  On the other hand, the methodology described for the estimation of the actual amount of rutting from laboratory repeated load or creep tests and either elastic or viscoelastic layered theory will require field documentation before it can be used with confidence. Nevertheless, such procedures can be used to compare alternatives in design by making rutting estimates for pavements made of different materials. /Author/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 13 Oct 1977 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/58745</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A LABORATORY STUDY OF THE STABILITY OF SAND-FILLED NYLON BAG BREAKWATER STRUCTURES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/50930</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Report discusses results of full-scale laboratory tests for one emergent and three submerged breakwaters of sand-filled nylon bags on a sand bed which were subjected to severe wave conditions. Tests determined bag properties, effects of wave action on bag placement, and performance of bags and structures for various combinations of structure configuration and wave conditions. Changes in the sand bed at base of structures and wave attenuation by the breakwaters were also investigated. (Author)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 31 Aug 1977 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/50930</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>FILTER FABRICS CAN CUT COSTS OF RIVER-BANK AND SHORE-PROTECTION STRUCTURES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/53177</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Over the past decade, plastic filter fabrics have seen growing use in shore-protection structures, river-bank protection schemes, and other areas where water comes into direct contact with soil.  In a typical application described, the filter fabric is laid directly on top of the soil to be protected, and rip rap, concrete blocks, or some other form of armor protection laid on top.  The fabric prevents water from gouging out the soil from behind the armor, a process that would result in the inward collapse of the embankment-protection structure.  A number of case histories explaining where and why the fabric was used and how well it has performed is presented.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 02 Jul 1977 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/53177</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>OREGON COAST SHORELINE CHANGES DUE TO JETTIES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/66453</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Patterns of beach erosion and accretion due to jetty construction are examined for the Oregon coast which has a seasonally reversing littoral drift with a zero or near zero net drift.  Thus the shoreline changes do not result from the jetties blocking a net drift.  Shoreline accretion took place adjacent to the jetties, both north and south, filling the embayments formed between the jetties and the prejetty shoreline.  The amount of accretion depended on the size of the embayment created.  Sand for this accretion was supplied by beach erosion at greater distances from the jetties.  In the case of the jetties at Tillamook Bay, the erosion was sufficiently severe to breach Bayocean Spit.  A computer model is developed to simulate shoreline changes that occurred following construction of the Siuslaw River jetties.  The model demonstrates deposition next to the jetty and erosion at greater distances, showing good agreement with the actual shoreline changes.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 11 May 1977 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/66453</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>BREAKWATERS (A BIBLIOGRAPHY WITH ABSTRACTS)</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/61323</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The bibliography is divided into two sections.  Section 1 covers general studies on breakwaters which include design, construction materials, maintenance, and hydrodynamics. Section 2 is limited to studies of breakwaters for specific harbors, bays, or coastal regions.  (This updated bibliography contains 215 abstracts, 29 of which are new entries to the previous edition.)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 17 Nov 1976 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/61323</guid>
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