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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <title>Rail Freight Accessibility of the Visegrád Group Countries and Baltic States in the Context of Eurasian Rail Transport System</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2534970</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study aimed to determine the level of infrastructure-based rail freight accessibility and rail freight performance of several Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries in the context of their presence in the Eurasian rail freight transport system. The study's object was 7 CEE countries: Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, Poland, Czechia, Slovakia and Hungary. The research methodology was based on the TOPSIS method supplemented with literature and statistical analyses. Several selected numerical indicators were considered to create 2 rankings that displayed the results achieved by countries in terms of accessibility and performance. Results showed that Czechia is the leader in infrastructure-based accessibility, with Latvia closing the ranking, and Lithuania is the leader in rail freight performance, with Hungary closing the ranking. Even though the study did not allow to confirm that a country's rail freight accessibility affects its rail freight performance and vice versa, it can be assumed that both parameters are crucial in the context of the incoming modal shift to rail freight in Eurasia; therefore, they constitute a valuable research endeavour.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 17 Apr 2025 16:55:18 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2534970</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>The Connection between an Airport Type and Revenue Structure at Baltic States Airports</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2470717</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Airports are not only engines of transportation of passengers and cargo, but also commercial enterprises offering services far beyond transportation, which is why their revenues are formed by both aeronautical and non-aeronautical sales. Aeronautical revenues of some large European airports are higher than non-aeronautical revenues, whereas some regional and secondary European airports demonstrate the opposite trend. The aim of this research was to determine if there is a connection between an airport type and the ratio of aeronautical and non-aeronautical revenues at Baltic States airports in way that is consistent with the previous research. The aim was attained in three stages. The first, the definitions of the main and secondary airports were constructed via discourse analysis. The second, the structure of airport revenues of the selected Baltic States airports was analysed. The third, conclusions were made regarding a connection between an airport type and the revenue structure of these Baltic States airports. On the one hand, the research results suggested there might be a connection between an airport type and the revenue structure although this question requires further research, and on the other hand, the financial analysis showed that airports with a higher share of non-aeronautical revenues than aeronautical revenues were more resilient to crises.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 31 Dec 2024 16:30:42 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2470717</guid>
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      <title>Potential Development Strategy for the Shipbuilding and Ship Repair in Baltics: A Case Study of Latvia</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2208845</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This research is focused on the shipbuilding and ship repair industries in Latvia. The main purpose of this manuscript is to investigate all possible options to further develop the shipbuilding and ship repair industries in Latvia Initially, a brief overview of Baltics and of Latvia, with its biggest shipbuilding companies and its possibilities, are depicted in detail. The analysis is developed with the help of SWOT analysis and a Risk assessment matrix to find Latvia’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, then to identify all possible risks in order to identify potential issues that could negatively impact key business initiatives or critical projects, and to develop a marketing strategy. It is concluded that Latvian shipbuilding can be benefited by i) its strategic location in Baltics, ii) the highly qualified workforce employed in Latvian shipyards, iii) the certified naval expertise of the shipbuilding facilities. At the same time, the external environment and the regional competition is harsh and some points are suggested for Latvian shipbuilding to survive and possibly flourish over the next years, such as: i) repair the technologically obsolete equipment and facilities to be able to satisfy the present market trends, ii) incorporate and utilize new materials and technologies, iii) give incentives to qualified natives that went abroad for employment to similar facilities to return to Latvia and utilize their accumulated experience, thus solving the issue of the declining workforce on the sector and iv) specialize in some aspects of shipbuilding, such as luxury ships and ice class, to secure a more specialised and dedicated market.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 23 Aug 2023 10:14:15 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2208845</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Volatility in Tanker freight markets</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2142185</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Baltic tanker index studies have become vital for the crude oil and petroleum product trade. Volatility has constantly pressured vessel owners and charterers to reduce costs and decide on new ship-building orders. This study attempts to find volatility in the Baltic Dirty Tanker Index and Baltic Clean Tanker Index prices, which are sub-indices of the Baltic Tanker Index. The asymmetric corrected dynamic conditional correlation GARCH model is deployed to find the spillovers and volatility in both time series. The results indicate the strong presence of spillovers at regular intervals. This study helps vessel owners and charterers make appropriate decisions in tanker markets.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 18 Apr 2023 14:56:29 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2142185</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Railway-Ferry Crossings of Ukraine and Baltics as an Efficient Link of the Baltic-Black Sea Transport Corridor</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1975240</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The historical circumstances of the emergence and development of rail-water communication in the European international directions were determined and clarified. The significance of functioning of existing and perspective railway-ferry crossings of Ukraine and the Baltic countries in the context of the general transport chain of container and contrailer transport of a unified logistics system is revealed. Effective long-term operation of such logistics projects as Viking and Zubr, which are used to transport containers between the ports of the Black and Baltic Seas combines developed portship infrastructure and railway-ferry crossings complexes in Odessa, Chernomorsk, Yuzhny, Riga, Ventspils, Liepaja, Klaipeda, Tallinn-Muuga, etc. The current “EU-Ukraine Association Agreement” in the transport sector confirms the significance of the planned joint intentions and measures, and causes intensive development of intermodality and interoperability of the Ukrainian-Baltic international transport systems.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Feb 2023 09:31:12 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1975240</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Assessment of the dynamics of concentration and competitive positions of the Baltic cruise port system</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1937185</link>
      <description><![CDATA[OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the degree of concentration and the competitive positions of the Baltic cruise port network. METHODS: A set of 29 Baltic ports are analysed, market concentration is evaluated using the analytical technique of the Herfindahl–Hirschman index, and competitive positions are determined through portfolio analysis based on the Boston Consulting Group matrix from 2000 to 2019. RESULTS: The Herfindahl–Hirschman index indicates that the Baltic cruise port system is unconcentrated with an average score of 0.11 for the analysed period, suggesting that eight of the twenty-nine ports are the dominant ports in the Baltic. Portfolio analysis results suggest that the hierarchy picture of competitive positions is dynamic and has changed over time. The Baltic cruise port system has a wide range of competitive positions. Kiel and Rostock becoming mature leaders is one of the most relevant changes in competitive positions. IMPLICATIONS OF THE RESEARCH: This study contributes to the literature not only by investigating the competitive positions of the second most important European operational area for cruise ships but also by filling the gap in research on the concentration and competitive strategic positions of Baltic cruise ports. This research allows seaport operators to visualise the position and progress of selected ports and predict the possible future seaport developments.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 24 May 2022 10:08:09 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1937185</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Digitalization of High Speed Craft Design and Operation Challenges and Opportunities</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1926457</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In recent years, global demands for safe and sustainable ships led to dramatic changes in maritime industry. Digitalization is expected to play important part in the future. This is supported by analysis of the autonomous ships market which shows that digitalization of large ship types such as tankers and container ships is well on track. Although to date designs of autonomous High Speed Craft (HSC) have been developed, there are only a few studies on the impact of digitalization on design and operations. This is because of the challenging operational profile of these assets across a spread of waterborne activities namely fishing, leisure, patrolling and rescuing. This paper reviews literature of relevance on the potential of digitalization of the HSC sector in the Baltic. An overview of the systems that could be partly digitalized and how technology developments may influence operations are also outlined.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 18 Mar 2022 12:17:11 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1926457</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Choosing a Scheme for the Delivery of Foreign Trade Cargo</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1838777</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The article studies various options for routes of export-import transportation through seaports and through land border crossings. A model of coal export through the seaports of the Russian Federation is proposed. At the same time, there may be options for the schemes of mutual arrangement of links in the transportation chain through the sea (river) ports of Russia, the Commonwealth of Nations and the Baltic states. One of the most important problems associated with the export of coal is the analysis of the economic aspects of its passage through seaports. It is note that the management of the delivery of export coal can be effective only if there is complete information about the state of the elements of the system for the delivery of foreign trade goods. The delivery of coal by rail, its transhipment to sea vessels and further transportation by sea can be consider as a complex of parallel processes occurring and interacting with each other, for which the theory of interacting processes can be applies.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 26 Apr 2021 09:34:15 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1838777</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Baltic Exchange index changes and FFA hedging efficiency</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1739866</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The authors investigate how changes in the composition of the underlying Baltic index affect the hedging efficiency of Forward Freight Agreements (FFAs) on composite regional routes. The authors evaluate the hedging efficiency using minimum variance hedge ratios and naïve hedge ratios, both within and across sub-periods between 2006 and 2018, and assess whether index changes have a statistically significant impact using bootstrapping techniques and bias-corrected confidence intervals. Their findings suggest that the trend of adding more routes, reducing the weights of constituent routes, does not reduce hedging efficiency. The authors suggest that the co-integration between individual routes, and between spot rates and FFA prices, make Baltic Exchange index changes largely irrelevant with regard to hedging efficiency.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 01 Nov 2020 17:01:35 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1739866</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>The Knowledge Domain of The Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering Between 2006 and 2019</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1727205</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering is a multidisciplinary journal, which provides a forum for a broad range of road and bridge engineering research. The topics such as the road and bridge research and design, the construction materials and technologies of roads and bridges, the construction financing and environmental issues, and the assessment management are included in the scope of the Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering investigation. Due to the reason that various road and bridge engineering related research directions are involved in this journal, it has become the first one that deals with the issues as mentioned above in Baltic countries. Therefore, it is believed that investigating the publications in the Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering assists researchers in great learning the development of road and bridge engineering research in Baltic countries. By analysing the annual publication distribution, the citation structure, the co-citation and cooperation networks, and the significant contributors in terms of countries and regions, institutions, cited journals and authors, the status of Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering is comprehensively presented. In addition, the emerging trends are revealed through the analyses of timeline view and burst detection. This study makes the contribution to the aspect of visualizing the complex and significant results based on objective and quantitative data. It provides readers with access to understand the development of Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering and helps researchers learn the hot issues in this journal clearly and directly.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 27 Aug 2020 10:17:03 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1727205</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Baltic ports going for growth : developments follow each other in quick succession at HES Gdynia Bulk Terminal, an HES International terminal, localed in Poland</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1663897</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 04 Nov 2019 11:18:59 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1663897</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Defining transport logistics: A literature review and practitioner opinion based approach</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1601925</link>
      <description><![CDATA[There are many concepts in the transport and logistics business: transport, logistics, transportation, forwarding etc. There are also a number of different study programs and disciplines such as: transport economics, transport logistics, logistics management, etc. All of these titles are often related to the content of the plan, planning, organization, management and control of the movement of human, material, informational and financial flows. However, in practice, they are often correlated and misused. Therefore, it is an important task to properly define these concepts. This article, based on various scientific literature, deals with the concept of transport logistics in various disciplines and fields of research. The results of this analysis made it possible to identify that there is no unified logistic term. Therefore, a qualitative study was also used. The purpose of this study is to identify the concept of transport/logistics companies in the Baltic States as the concept is treated in business. The results of the research have shown that the concept of transport logistics is also understood differently. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to formulate the definition of transport logistics on the basis other results of the scientific literature analysis and qualitative research.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 04 Jun 2019 09:40:23 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1601925</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Tech stops in Nordic and Baltic countries : this region is well positioned for many great circle routings and has capable FBOs and other efficient handlers and ground services available</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1586465</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 19 Feb 2019 16:19:04 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1586465</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Go North, go green : the Northern Sea Route provides an opportunity for greener shipping</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1585345</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 19 Feb 2019 14:52:22 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1585345</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Assessment of Railway Lines: an Efficiency Rating Analysis for Baltic Countries</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1515051</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The article investigates a possibility of using the traditional multi-criteria assessment methods to evaluate how significance of a railway line is distributed for the countries it crosses. The article analyses two examples of railway lines: the railway line Rail Baltica (Poland, Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia) and the container train Viking route (Lithuania, Belarus and Ukraine). When investigating for which countries the Rail Baltica project will have bigger significance, and for which smaller, indicators of the countries are analysed by the length of Rail Baltica in the country, length falling per million residents in the country, length falling per thousand km of the existing railway, length per area of the county and length falling per country’s gross domestic product (GDP). To generalize them, multi-criteria optimization methods, such the geometric mean method, were used. To answer the question whether the methodology used is adequate, it was tested using the example of the already operating container train Viking. The results of calculations for the previously mentioned criteria are combined with the actual distribution of the freight turnover. A positive conclusion is made about the adequacy of the methodology to assessment of the importance of the railway line for the country. © 2018 Silesian University of Technology. All Rights Reserved.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 19 Jul 2018 14:44:24 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1515051</guid>
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