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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>IMPROVED MARINE BOILED RELIABILITY--PHASE II</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/143023</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Presented in this paper are the results of a Maritime Administration-funded shipboard and laboratory test program the second phase of a project to identify and investigate design and operational parameters which have a significant impact on the performance, availability, and reliability of oil-fired marine boilers.  The research test results and engineering analyses are discussed as they pertain to the following task areas which affect marine boiler reliability: superheater corrosion rates; economizer corrosion rates; steam-side distribution in superheaters; stack gas analysis; thermocouple modernization and shipboard use; and boiler water and feedwater quality maintenance.  Recommendations based upon both phases of the program are presented which will enable the boiler purchaser or designer to specify certain materials, design features, and operating guidelines which should assist in establishing a predetermined level of boiler reliability for specific anticipated operating modes and environment.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 11 Feb 1980 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/143023</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>IMPROVED MARINE BOILER RELIABILITY. PHASE II. VOLUME VI. BOILER WATER AND FEEDWATER QUALITY MAINTENANCE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/78000</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report summarizes Sheppard T. Powell Associates' review of current boiler water treatment practice followed by U.S. Shipowners, crew personnel, boiler manufacturers and Vendor-Consultants, with an overview of this practice. It also describes the fundamental treatment programs needed for boiler water and evaporator treatment control, and the place for supplemental treatment chemicals in these programs. Current utility water treatment practice has been reviewed and commented on with respect to its future application in the marine field.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 27 Feb 1979 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/78000</guid>
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      <title>FEED WATER TREATMENT OF BOILERS AND EVAPORATORS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/74474</link>
      <description><![CDATA[High pressure, and medium pressure water-tube boilers, and low pressure auxiliary oil-fired boilers and exhaust gas boilers are considered.  The use of a certain phosphate treatment for high pressure and medium pressure systems is described.  For low pressure systems, a system based on a blend of tannins for oxygen absorption and scale prevention in addition to forming an iron tannate which is an additional corrosion inhibitor, is discussed.  The use of synthetic polymers for scale control is dealt with.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 27 Aug 1978 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/74474</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>TRANSFER FOR CHEMICALS IN STEAM POWER SYSTEMS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/60679</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Physical and chemical relations, design considerations, and operation governing transport of water treatment chemicals, and impurities through steam power systems are discussed and typical concentrations of chemicals found in boiler water, steam and turbine deposits for different types of boilers and different water treatments are summarized.  Distribution of salts between liquid and vapor, mechanical and chemical carryover, solubility in steam and different steam cycle arrangements, such as drains and extractions, are considered.  Available and missing physical-chemical data needed for quantitative assessment of the chemical transport are also discussed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 29 Mar 1978 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/60679</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE CORRELATION BETWEEN WATER TREATMENT AND SCALING OF 100 KG/SQCM PRESSURE MARINE BOILERS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/61181</link>
      <description><![CDATA[After 8 years of operation of the 100 kg/sqcm class marine boilers installed on the tanker "Idemitsu Maru", the max inner scale mass is only about 50 mg/sqcm and the location is the fire-side of rear water wall panel, 3300-3400 mm height from furnace floor level. The alkali corrosion on the inner surface of boiler tubes after descaling is not observed at all.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 07 Mar 1978 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/61181</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>FUNDAMENTALS OF STEAM GENERATORS AS APPLIED TO MARINE PROPULSION POWER PLANTS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/43337</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A new textbook designed for use by Marine Engineers and unlicensed Engine Department personnel.  The manual deals design, operation, maintenance, and repair of boilers commonly used in marine plants.  Sections on instrumentation, water treatment, and gas analysis have been provided. In addition an informative question and answer section has been included to encompass the various types of essay questions generally found in examinations.  In conjunction with this, detailed illustrations have been employed to enhance both the text and question  and answer sections.  A new and unique format of book design has been utilized to permit the reader to view any illustration while reading the text without the inconvenience and distraction of flipping pages back and forth.  In addition, pages have been provided adjacent to each illustration to allow the reader to note information concerning the illustration itself.  The cover of the book has been chosen to withstand the abuse of repeated use both as a textbook and a reference book aboard ship.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 21 Sep 1976 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/43337</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>NEW WATER TREATMENT PROGRAM FOR STEAM GENERATORS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/34696</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A new water treatment program for diesel engine exhaust gas heated steam generators of the forced circulation pattern has been developed and is described. The new development solves the very severe problems of waterside corrosion, deposition and scale in diesel engine exhaust gas heated steam generating systems. The problems encountered and how they were overcome, criteria for a water treatment system and how this system meets these requirements, and tests which were performed are all described or explained in this article.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 18 Oct 1975 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/34696</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>WATER TREATMENT FOR HIGH PRESSURE MARINE BOILERS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/5156</link>
      <description><![CDATA[It is generally recognized that water make-up to marine boilers operating at pressures in the range 850 to 1200 psi should contain dissolved solids of less than 1-ppm combined with very low levels of dissolved oxygen, carbon dioxide, silica and heavy metals.  This quality can be obtained from seawater on an economic basis only by using evaporation followed by mixed bed demineralization and efficient deoxygenation.  The latter can be achieved using a combination of mechanical deaeration followed by chemical scavenging of any remaining traces.  The preferred conditioning of water in the boiler drum circuit is by ordinated phosphate treatment to enable the desirable degree of alkalinity to be maintained without risk of caustic embrittlement.  The recommended system gives the maximum protection against the occurrence of corrosion in the boiler, turbine and condensate systems and is inexpensive in both capital and running costs.  In this paper a description of the ion exchange purification system to achieve the required water quality is given.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Sep 1974 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/5156</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>INHIBITION AND CORROSION CONTROL PRACTICES FOR BOILER WATERS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/18324</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The corrosion reactions analyzed include: pitting, concentration corrosion, caustic embrittlement, stress corrosion and corrosion-erosion.  Internal treatment with inhibitors utilizes two forms: precipitating treatment and solubilizing treatment, using phosphate or carbonate control.  Methods for controlling post boiler corrosion and corrosion in high-temperature hot-water systems are also dismissed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 28 Aug 1974 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/18324</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>UNDERSTANDING PH CONTROL</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/3907</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Industrial pH measurement and control problems can be minimized or eliminated altogether if three important steps are taken: applying a basic knowledge of pH to the process; designing and installing the simplest possible system; and, above all, servicing and maintaining the equipment.  This article identifies pH control problems and suggests specific solutions to them.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Apr 1974 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/3907</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE CASE FOR CONDENSATE FILTRATION IN MARINE STEAM POWER PLANTS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/3918</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Recent studies have been conducted to determine the major causes of steam powerplant failure.  One such study, made by Timmons and Charks, marine consultants and water treatment specialists, has revealed that boilers are the most vulnerable part of the entire propulsion system and that the major source of boiler failure is due to the accumulation of deposits in boiler tubes.  These deposits consist of 60-95 percent copper and iron oxides.  Because chemical means of controlling the problem has proven impossible, Croll-Reynolds has developed a new feedwater filter that is very suitable for use in marine powerplants. The filter element is constructed of wire coated with a wood pulp derivative.  This filter coating is biodegradable and the filter can be easily cleaned by backwashing and pumping the sludge overboard without fear of pollution. The filter is capable of removing particles in excess of 0.5 micrometer.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Apr 1974 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/3918</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>PERFORMANCE OF POROUS CELLULOSE ACETATE MEMBRANES FOR THE REVERSE OSMOSIS TREATMENT OF HARD AND WASTE WATERS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1176</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The performance of a few typical Loeb-Sourirajan type porous cellulose acetate membranes is reported for the treatment of hard, polluted, and sewage waters.  The membranes used are specified in terms of pure water permeability constant and solute transport parameter for sodium chloride.  Using feed waters containing 300- to 800-p.p.m. hardness ( expressed as CaCO3 ), product waters containing 2 p.p.m. or less could be obtained with 90% product recovery and an average initial flux of 38 gallons per day per sq. foot at 1000 p.s.i.g.  The possibility of producing ultrapure waters by repeated reverse osmosis processing is indicated.  The separation of common pollutants such as nitrates, borates, fluoride, alkyl benzene sulfonate ( ABS ), ammonia, and phosphates, and others usually present in plating wastes, and the applicability of the reverse osmosis process for the treatment of sewage waters and water renovation are illustrated.  ( Author )]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 25 Nov 1973 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1176</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>CORROSION PRODUCTS OF IRON AND THEIR RELATION TO CORROSION IN STEAM GENERATING EQUIPMENT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2634</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper summarizes the results of a series of investigations of the reactions of mild steel with boiler water conducted as a basis for determining the possibilities of avoiding a serious pitting problem in the generating tubes of Naval boilers.  The reaction of iron with water and oxygen can give rise to one or more of the oxides or hydroxides.  The reaction of protective oxide film at temperature with the surroundings is explained.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 08 Nov 1973 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2634</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ELECTROMAGNETIC TREATMENT OF BOILER FEED WATER</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/8508</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Recently there has been initiated the extensive application of an electromagnetic method of boiler feed water treatment consisting essentially of having the fresh water, before it enters the steam boiler, pass through a magnetic field generated in a special apparatus.  The report discusses the use of such a system.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 04 May 1973 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/8508</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>CONTRIBUTION TO THE FILMING AMINE THEORY: AN INTERPRETATION OF EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/3953</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Corrosion inhibitors find application in a great variety of industrial processes, such as pickling operations, petroleum processing, the chemical industry in general and many more.  One prominent class of inhibitors is organic amines, predominantly used in acid environments.  Their action has been exhaustively investigated and it is generally felt among authorities in the field that amines become  absorbed on the metal surface and thereby reduce either the cathodic, or anodic reaction rates, or both. Whether this inhibition is the result of a mere physical blocking effect or a long range energetic interaction with the active sites adjacent to the site of absorption is a point of discussion.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 21 Apr 1973 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/3953</guid>
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