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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=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" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
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    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>An analysis of cabin exhauster vents and body structure pass-throughs in post-collision vehicle fires</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2337116</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper analyses real world post-collision vehicle fire incidents which caused serious injuries or death as a result of fire propagating into vehicle interiors through the cabin exhauster vents and body structure pass-throughs. Researchers have noted there is an opportunity to reduce vulnerability to fire penetration by minimizing the area of openings in the body structure [1]. In addition, the National fire Protection Association recommends that penetrations in the barriers surrounding the passenger compartment should be protected [2]. Laboratory testing was utilized to establish the performance of the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) exhauster vent and pass-through designs utilized in the case study vehicles, as well as the effectiveness of alternate designs in delaying or preventing the propagation of a post-collision fire into the occupant compartment.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 08 Feb 2024 08:38:59 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2337116</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>The use of color etching to study the microstructure of laser welded steel used in the automotive industry</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1667691</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In this article the results of a microstructure study of dual phase, multiphase (with transformation induced plasticity effect) and manganese-boron steel are presented in the as-delivered state and after laser fusion by means of color metallography, which, up to now, has not been applied in those types of joints. In order to reveal the components of the microstructure of the steel types studied, five reagents were applied: nital, pikral, Klemm, LePera and sodium metabisulfite, in different combinations. Various phases were revealed in the material in the as-delivered state and after fusion, and this would not have been possible using standard procedures by means of a light microscope. In the as-delivered state all basic phases were observed. In the state after laser remelting, the observed microstructures were completely different than in the received state giving bainite and martensite an advantage. Measurements of the hardness of the as-received material and the welds of the tested steels were performed, showing a significant increase in weld hardness. (A)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 08 Jun 2020 17:36:53 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1667691</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Design von Fahrzeugkomponenten unter Hochgeschwindigkeitsbeanspruchung mittels eines Multizielansatzes</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1515139</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In der diesem Beitrag zugrunde liegenden Studie wurde ein Multizielansatz mit einer beschleunigten Methodologie fuer die B-Saeule/Seitentuer-Saeule entwickelt, in der die Eindringgeschwindigkeit vermindert und die Crash-Energie absorbiert wird. Die Charakteristika des Werkstoffes fuer die B-Saeule wurden mittels eines Fallversuches ermittelt, um anstelle von Fahrzeugcrashversuchen den Prozess des Designs zu beschleunigen. Es wurde eine Finite-Elemente-Analyse des Fallversuches durchgefuehrt und die Ergebnisse, die aus den Analysen gewonnen wurden, wurden mit den Versuchsergebnissen bestaetigt. Das Finite-Elemente-Modell des Seitenaufpralls wurde entsprechend des Euro NCAP-Testprotokolls aufgestellt und die B-Saeule wurde in zwei Sektionen aufgeteilt, wobei die Ergebnisse der Analysen verwandt wurden. Es wurden Crash-Simulationen mit gewalzten und geschweissten Tailored Blanks durchgefuehrt und die Ergebnisse wurden verglichen, um die Intrusionsgeschwindigkeit zu untersuchen. Es wurden alternative Loesungen des Designs fuer B-Saeulen aus einem und mehreren Werkstoffen ermittelt, um die B-Saeule optimal auszulegen. Hierzu wurden die Designfunktionen generiert, indem das sogenannte Verfahren der Radialbasisfunktion angewandt wurde und indem die Versagenskriterien fuer die Analysen bestimmt wurden. Es wurden Optimierungsaufgaben fuer die Gewichtsminimierung und die maximale Energieabsorption etabliert und mit meta-heuristischen Verfahren geloest. Der Ansatz, der in dieser Studie vorgeschlagen wird, kann fuer ein beschleunigtes Design der B-Saeule genutzt werden. (A) ABSTRACT IN ENGLISH: In this study, a multi-objective design approach with accelerated methodology was developed for a B-pillar (side door pillar) in which the intrusion velocity was decreased and the crash energy absorbed. The B-pillar material characteristics were determined using a drop tower test to accelerate the design process instead of a vehicle crash test. A finite element simulation of the drop tower test was conducted, and the results obtained from the simulation were confirmed with the test results. The side impact finite element model was simulated according to the Euro NCAP test protocol, and the B-pillar was divided into two sections using the results obtained from the analysis. Tailor rolled blank and Tailor welded blank B-pillar crash simulations were performed, and the results were compared to examine the intrusion velocity. Alternative design solutions for single and multi-material B-pillars were conducted to design an optimum B-pillar structure. The design functions were created using the radial basis function method, and the failure criteria were determined for the analyses. Optimization problems for weight minimization and maximum energy absorption were established and solved using meta-heuristic methods. The approach suggested in this study can be used in accelerated B-pillar designs. (A)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 18 Jun 2018 09:44:24 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1515139</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Divided Attention in Young Drivers under the Influence of Alcohol</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1316432</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The present research evaluates driving impairment linked to divided attention task and alcohol and determines whether it is higher for novice drivers than for experienced drivers. Novice and experienced drivers participated in three experimental sessions in which blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) were 0.0 g/L, 0.2 g/L, and 0.5 g/L. They performed a divided attention task with a main task of car-following task and an additional task of number parity identification. Driving performance, response time and accuracy on the additional task were measured. ANOVA showed a driving impairment and a decrease in additional task performance from a BAC of 0.5 g/L, particularly for novice drivers. Indeed, the latter adopt more risky behavior such as tailgating. In the divided attention task, driving impairment was found for all drivers and impairment on information processing accuracy was highlighted, notably in peripheral vision. The divided attention task used here provides a relevant method for identifying the effects of alcohol on cognitive functions and could be used in psychopharmacological research.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 25 Aug 2014 07:42:54 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1316432</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>How safe is my car: is safety a priority in private vehicle purchasing?</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1249238</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In attempts to highlight the importance of vehicle safety amongst private consumers of both new and used cars, a number of consumer information programs have been developed. These include the Australian New Car Assessment Program (ANCAP), the Used Car Safety Ratings (UCSR) Program and the howsafeisyourcar.com.au web site.  Surveys have identified an increase during the past decade in the level of consumer interest in vehicle safety.  Despite this, the priority private consumers place on vehicle safety within their purchasing decision remains unclear.  A comprehensive review revealed a paucity of public information regarding consumer understanding of specific safety features or ratings, and the importance placed on safety features relative to other features such as convenience and comfort.  The aim of this research was to explore the key mechanisms driving private consumer choice in vehicle selection, particularly regarding safety within Australia.  A total of 2,013 participants from Victoria, New South Wales and Queensland who were in the market for a vehicle, completed pre and post vehicle purchase surveys designed to establish purchasing behaviours and priorities across the vehicle purchasing process.  The factors: age, gender, concern about crash involvement, and sourcing ANCAP ratings were found to be significant factors in the identification of a &ldquo;safe vehicle purchaser&rdquo; profile.  Females, participants aged 50 years or older, those with greater levels of concern about being involved in a crash, and those who sourced ANCAP information were identified as being more likely to place high priority on secondary safety features in their vehicle purchase.  The results of this project provide valuable insights which can be employed to encourage private vehicle buyers to purchase the safest possible vehicles.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 30 Apr 2013 13:52:57 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1249238</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Do non-complying bull-bars increase the injury risk to occupants of other vehicles?</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1249227</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The focal question is, What injury risks are associated with a bull bar that complies with the Australian Standard compared to a non-complying bull-bar when fitted to 4WDs at standard and raised ride heights for the near side occupant of a struck vehicle in side impact crashes?  It is hypothesised that geometrically non-complying bull-bars fitted to 4WD vehicles increase the risk of injury to occupants of passenger vehicles side impacted by the said vehicle, particularly given the anecdotal finding that these bull-bars are often fitted to raised height 4WD vehicles.  The objectives of this study were therefore to: (i) compare the injury risk to the near-side occupant of a passenger vehicle side-impacted by a 4WD without a bull-bar fitted to the injury risk from the ANCAP mobile deformable barrier (trolley) test; (ii) compare the injury risk to the near-side occupant of a passenger vehicle side-impacted by standard height and raised height 4WD vehicles fitted with a geometrically complying bull-bar; and (iii) compare the injury risk to the near-side occupant of a passenger vehicle side-impacted by a 4WD vehicle fitted with geometrically complying and non-complying bull-bars at raised ride height.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 30 Apr 2013 13:52:29 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1249227</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Cars and us - the long term effects</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1207957</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This article discusses the physical effects of long term occupancy of motor vehicles.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 24 Aug 2012 22:50:54 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1207957</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The effect of seat belts on minor and severe injuries measured on the abbreviated injury scale</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1205588</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 24 Aug 2012 21:11:37 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1205588</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Ride index measurement</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1196559</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Vibrational ride environment has been measured in the vertical, lateral and longitudinal directions on the seats of various automobiles and commercial cars.  Butkunas's method has been expanded to include also the lateral and longitudinal directions.  Only whole body vibration was discussed.  After being normalized to human transfer function in the vertical, lateral, and longitudinal direction, a comfort ride index has been calculated, and a picture produced which can be used for comparison of products (a).]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 24 Aug 2012 14:59:37 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1196559</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A system for simulating structural intrusion in automobile full-frontal and frontal-offset crashes in the laboratory sled test environment</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1166566</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Aug 2012 18:09:25 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1166566</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Mathematical simulation of knee responses associated with leg fracture in car-pedestrian accidents</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1166422</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Aug 2012 18:01:07 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1166422</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Influence of new car body design on emergency rescue</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1147430</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The share of high-tensile steel in car bodies has increased over the last years. While occupant safety has generally benefited from this measure, there is a potential risk that, as a result, rescue time may increase considerably. In more than 60 percent of all car occupant fatalities a technical rescue has been necessary. These are in particular those cases where occupants die immediately at the accident scene. Therefore, in these cases "rescue time" is a very sensitive parameter. In addition to the general analysis of the need of technical rescue and the actual rescue time depending on model years, the injury pattern of occupants requiring technical rescue will be analyzed to provide advice for rescue teams. Furthermore, a detailed analysis of rescue measures for the most popular car models depending on the safety cell design is given. (A) Paper to the session "Car Accidents" of the 4th International Conference on ESAR "Expert Symposium on Accident Research", 16th to 18th September 2010 in Hannover. For the covering abstract of the conference, see ITRD D366702.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 02 Aug 2012 09:30:03 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1147430</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Method for the estimation of the deformation frequency of passenger cars with the German In-Depth Accident Study (GIDAS)</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1147425</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study that was funded by the Research Association for Automotive Technology (FAT) develops a method for the evaluation of the placement of tanks or batteries by using the deformation frequencies in real-world accidents. Therefore, the deformations of more than 20,000 passenger cars in the GIDAS database are analyzed. For each vehicle a contour of deformation is calculated and the deformed areas of the vehicles are transferred in a rangy matrix of deformation. Thereby, the vehicle is divided into more than 190,000 cells. Afterwards, all single matrices of deformation are summarized for each cell which allows representative analyses of the deformation frequencies of accidents with passenger cars in Germany. On the basis of these deformation frequencies it is possible to determine the least deformed areas of all passenger cars. Furthermore, intended placements of tanks or batteries can be estimated in an early stage of development. Therefore, all vehicles with deformations in the intended tank areas can be analyzed individually. Considering numerous parameters out of the GIDAS database (e.g. collision speed, kind of accident, overlap, collision partner etc.) the occurring forces can be calculated or the deformation frequency can be estimated. Furthermore, it is possible to consider the influence of primary and secondary safety systems on the deformation behaviour. The analysis of "worst case accident events" is an additional application of the calculated matrix of deformation frequency. (A) Paper to the session "Methodologies of In-Depth-Investigations" of the 4th International Conference on ESAR "Expert Symposium on Accident Research", 16th to 18th September 2010 in Hannover. For the covering abstract of the conference, see ITRD D366702.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 02 Aug 2012 09:29:52 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1147425</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Effect of Moderated Doses of Alcohol on Behavior of Drivers Confronted to Simulated Scenarios of Accident</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1122229</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Epidemiological studies showed that alcohol is a major cause of mortal accidents, in particular at night and on the weekend, and that the risk of accident is directly linked to the rate of alcohol in the blood. As there is lack of behavioral measures that could be used to define a dangerous threshold for driving after taking licit or illicit drugs, the authors made an alcohol calibration study and simulated urban and car following scenarios of driving. The objective was to obtain reference values of impaired behavior. Sixteen participants participated in four experimental sessions. They drank a beverage to obtain 0, 0.3, 0.5, or 0.8 g of alcohol per liter of blood (BAC), then were submitted to urban and car following simulated situations. The authors analyzed the number of collision and different driving parameters as a function of BAC. Such calibrations could be very useful with respect to the legislations in the European countries, pros and cons for zero-tolerance regulations or for regulations based on the degree of impairment.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 16 Nov 2011 14:51:35 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1122229</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Development of Moving Deformable Barrier Reproducing Struck Car Deformation in Real-World Car-To-Car Side Impact Accidents in Europe and Japan</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1099812</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The test procedures described in current European and Japanese side impact regulations and assessments involve striking a moving deformable barrier (MDB) into a stationary test vehicle. However, since many car-to-car side impact accidents in the real world occur when the struck vehicle is also moving, the force direction into the struck vehicle in the configurations described by these regulations and assessments differ from that in those actual accidents. Therefore, to simulate the force into a moving struck vehicle in the current test configuration, i.e., a perpendicular MDB side impact, it is necessary to integrate the stiffness characteristics of the front of the striking vehicle in a side impact accident where both vehicles are moving. Consequently, a crabbed frontal impact test that simulates the force direction into the striking vehicle in a moving car to moving car side impact test was considered as an evaluation method for the frontal stiffness characteristics. This crabbed frontal impact test was confirmed to be capable of measuring the stiffness characteristics of the front of the striking vehicle occurring in a moving car to moving car side impact. In addition, an MDB for simulating crabbed frontal impacts was developed based on the frontal stiffness characteristics obtained from the crabbed frontal impact test. It was confirmed that side impact tests using this MDB were capable of simulating the deformation and door moving velocity of the struck vehicle in a moving car to moving car side impact test. As a result, vehicle safety enhancements based on a side impact test method using this MDB are expected to contribute to the development of appropriate body structures and restraint devices for real-world accidents. The full text of this paper may be found at: http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/pdf/esv/esv21/09-0021.pdf For the covering abstract see ITRD E145407.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 15 Apr 2011 14:47:59 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1099812</guid>
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