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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>A CODING ERROR ELIMINATION PROCEDURE FOR VALIDATING ISOTROPIC TURBULENT CONVECTION NUMERICAL CALCULATIONS IN AXISYMMETRIC FLOWS WITH EULERIAN AND LAGRANGIAN DESCRIPTIONS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/455202</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A procedure which ensures the elimination of discretisation and coding errors in the numerical solution of a set of governing equations describing internal turbulent convection flows is given and illustrated.  The governing equations investigated in the validation analysis are of general form.  The equations for the turbulence model (k-epsilon) assume the turbulence to be isotropic.  In the analysis a portion of the solution region uses a Lagrangian description while a Eulerian description is used elsewhere.  The work was originally motivated by the need to validate numerical calculations performed in the modelling of combusting fluid flow within symmetric piston engines.  Thus the procedure is demonstrated for an axisymmetric formulation.  The same methodology can be even more easily applied to Cartesian-based problems using the guidelines given in this work.  Details of the procedure are presented in a very practical format, making it possible to consider both simpler and more complex governing equation sets with little additional effort.  Thus the implementation of this procedure by researchers to a variety of both turbulent and laminar internal flow problems should prove to be easy.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 28 Feb 1996 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/455202</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>EQUATIONS HELP CALCULATE SURGE AND SWAB PRESSURES IN INCLINED WELLS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/451328</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This article analyzes the surge and swab pressures caused by clinging power during tripping in inclined wells. The calculation method presented here is for steady-state surge and swab pressures for axial flow of a Herschel-Bulkley fluid in an eccentric annulus. The accompanying charts show the application of this method to oil field operations.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 09 Oct 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/451328</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>THE PERFORMANCE PREDICTION OF SINGLE AND MULTI-ELEMENT NOZZLE PROPELLERS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/441119</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper presents the theoretical analysis that has been developed to predict the operating performance of nozzle, or ducted, propellers in axisymmetric flow.  Surface vorticity techniques are used to model the nozzle (which may be multi-sectioned) and hub, together with lifting line theory for the propeller.  The lifting line theory contains corrections for both three-dimensional and finite blade effects.  A radial variation in axial inflow velocity is accommodated in the theory to allow systematic calculations of device performance in the wakefield behind a ships' afterbody.  Performance prediction at bollard condition is also accommodated by using blade tip speed as a non-dimensionalising parameter instead of the advance velocity.  In the second part of this paper is a review of pertinent research results from which conclusions may be drawn regarding the future development of the theoretical model.  It is demonstrated that there is no increase in accuracy to be anticipated by the adoption of higher order panel methods to represent flow about the nozzle sections.  It is also argued that errors in the inviscid calculations, introduced by commonly adopted assumptions, more than negate any increase in accuracy that may be realised through the incorporation of comprehensive viscous calculations into the overall iterative solution process.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/441119</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>COMPUTATION OF AN INTEGRATED DUCTED PROPULSOR/STERN PERFORMANCE IN AXISYMMETRIC FLOW</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/440899</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The design of a ducted propeller operating behind a body of revolution is a complex problem which requires design iterations in order to achieve suitable self-propelled conditions.  The interaction of stern and propulsor cannot be handled in a traditional way for the case of a very full afterbody.  A Navier-Stokes equations solver has been selected to compute the flow past the afterbody/ducted propulsor configuration.  The rotor is modelled as an actuator disk with finite thickness. Computational results are shown to compare favourably with published data for fine sterns and open propellers.  Illustrative calculations are also presented for a full stern fitted with two different ducts.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/440899</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>AN INVERSE METHOD FOR THE DESIGN OF BODIES OF REVOLUTION BY BOUNDARY INTEGRAL MODELLING</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/438737</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A surface vorticity boundary integral method is presented for the design of bodies of revolution in axisymmetric flow. The analysis finds the desired body shape to deliver a prescribed surface potential flow velocity or pressure distribution. To achieve this the body surface is simulated by a flexible vorticity sheet of prescribed strength. Starting from an arbitrary first guess for the body shape, normally an ellipsoid, the flexible vortex sheet is successively realigned with its own self-induced flow field during an iterative process which converges accurately onto the desired shape. A well-proven analysis method is also presented for back-checking the final design.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/438737</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>PUMP-JET AND OTHER NEW DEVELOPMENTS BY SCHOTTEL</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/431012</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The 1987 Symposium held at the Schottel yard in Spay presented a number of new ideas and developments in connection with their pump-jet concept introduced in 1977.  This paper outlines the present state of development of the pump-jet system and discusses the results of practical tests and experience with a number of standard units in the power range 20-400kW.  The units have been evaluated for both civil and military applications in a specially designed test vehicle "M-Boat 3". Another new idea is the establishment of a new company called SYSTEC with special responsibility for innovative designs, technological developments and the provision of customer information.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/431012</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>NUMERICAL COMPUTATION OF RESISTANCE, THRUST DEDUCTION, AND WAKE FRACTION USING A VISCOUS-FLOW APPROACH</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/446600</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations are solved in a nonorthogonal grid with Cartesian velocity components for axisymmetric flows.  The method can predict separated flows for full hull forms with or without an operating propeller.  Results are resistance, thrust deduction, and wake fraction.  Two thrust loadings are investigated for a body of rotation.  Experimental and computational pressure distributions agree well.  In the self propulsion point, the agreement for resistance is almost exact.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/446600</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A METHOD FOR THE INVERSE DESIGN OF DUCTED PROPULSORS OPERATING IN AXISYMMETRIC SHEAR FLOWS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/445019</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A method if presented for the design of multi-component marine ducted propulsors of arbitrary blade loading operating in axisymmetric shear flow.  An "actuator duct" representation is used, whereby each blade row is assumed to consist of an infinite number of blades of finite axial extent.  Employing a further assumption of inviscid flow and, using the Clebsch decomposition of the vorticity, it becomes possible to describe both the propulsor throughflow and bypass flow by partial differential equations in terms of Stokes' stream function and Clebsch variables.  By modelling the region of flow from far upstream of the propulsor to far downstream into the wake, the effects of slipstream contraction are fully included.  Inputs t the design process include duct and hub geometry, axial blade chord, far upstream velocity profile and blade circulation and thickness distributions.  Outputs include blade shapes, propulsor mass flow, overall thrust, velocities and the duct pressure distribution.  Computation results are presented for both ducted propellers and more complicated configurations such as rotor-stator and contra-rotating propulsors, clearly showing the effect of rotational inflow on blade shapes and propulsor mass flow.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/445019</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>AN AXISYMMETRIC MODEL OF SEPARATED FLOW ABOUT A SPHERE USING DISCRETE VORTICES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/438968</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A procedure for the calculation of the starting flow around a sphere in a uniform stream is presented. The flow field is simulated by a flow of ideal fluid with embedded vorticity. With the assumption that the flow remains symmetric, the vorticity field is approximated by a number of discrete circular line vortices. The image vortices to satisfy the boundary condition for the normal component of velocity on the surface of the sphere are determined by Butler's sphere theorem. The Stokes stream-function is used for the field description. The motion of vortices is tracked by the vortex-in-cell method, the cells being formed by square grids.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Aug 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/438968</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>EFFECT OF AUTOROTATING INLET DEVICES ON THE OPERATION OF SHIP COMPRESSORS AND FANS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/391838</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The improvement of marine gas turbine plants (GTP) is directly related to improving the characteristics of axial-flow compressors, which are the most important part of a GTP. Studies aimed at improving the efficiency of compressors and expanding their range of stable operation are becoming more and more important. A one-percent decrease in the efficiency of the compressor causes the efficiency of the plant to drop 3-3.5 percent. This article presents the results of an experimental study of the effect of a freely rotating cascade, which acts as autorotating inlet guide vanes, on the characteristics of an axial-flow compressor stage and on the parameters of rotating stall.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/391838</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SINGLE-BLADE LOADS ON PROPELLERS IN INCLINED AND AXIAL FLOWS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/393069</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Single-blade loads were measured on model marine propellers in inclined flow and in a single-cycle circumferentially nonuniform axial velocity field. Experimental results were correlated with predictions by the following methods: 1. A quasi-steady procedure developed by McCarthy at the DTNSRDC, 2. An unsteady lifting surface theory developed by Tsakonas at the Davidson, Stevens Inst. of Technology, 3. An unsteady lifting surface theory developed by Kerwin and Lee at MIT, and 4. A refinement by Kerwin to the method of Kerwin and Lee to consider the inclination of the propeller slipstream. In the inclined flow, all four calculation methods evaluated consistently underpredicted the experimental values of the periodic single-blade loads. The method of Kerwin, which considers the inclination of the slipstream relative to the propeller axis, produced the best correlation with experimental values. These correlations show that the inclination of the propeller slipstream relative to the propeller axis significantly influences the periodic single-blade loads.  The importance of this inclination increases with increasing time-average loading. In axial flow, all of the calculation procedures predicted periodic single-blade axial force at design advance coefficients to within 20% of experimental values, but agreement was not as good at off-design advance coefficients. The Kerwin and Lee method produced the best overall correlation with experimental results.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/393069</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>CALCULATION OF VISCOUS EFFECTS ON SHIP WAVE RESISTANCE USING AXISYMMETRIC BOUNDARY LAYER APPROACHES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/387621</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report investigates the effect of fluid viscosity on ship wave resistance for a wide range of ship hulls.  Two direct, simple models are used to model the potential flow around the hull: Michell thin-ship theory and zeroth order slender ship theory.  The viscous flow is modeled by two relatively simple integral boundary layer methods, both of which approximate the actual hull by axisymmetric bodies. The various methods are used to calculate wave resistance for a series of speeds for five ship hulls, three of which have extensive experimental data.  The results basically show that the trend of the viscous correction is to improve the agreement of the calculated and measured values. For the thicker ship hull cases, the results indicate that a more complex potential flow wave resistance theory is required to obtain reasonable agreement with measured results.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/387621</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>MIXING LENGTHS OR EDDY VISCOSITIES FOR THICK AXISYMMETRIC TURBULENT BOUNDARY LAYERS NEAR A WALL</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/396819</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A mixing-length formulation is proposed for thick axisymmetric turbulent boundary layers near a wall; it is based on the classical similarity-law analysis. Comparison is made with existing formulations.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/396819</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A POTENTIAL FLOW SOLUTION ON MARINE PROPELLER AND AXIAL ROTATING FAN</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/398774</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Integral equations for surface-source densities are derived and compared for both external and internal flows with an axially rotating element.  For internal flows, integral equations are formulated for nonuniform inlet flow and 'free' outlet flow. Various strength distributions for the vortex filaments are examined and compared to achieve an optimal representation of the lifting surfaces. Global iteration between the source and the vortex strengths is used in conjunction with the iterative scheme for solving the integral equation. Two numerical examples, one for a marine propeller and one for an axial-flow pump, are presented.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/398774</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>FLOW INDUCED VIBRATIONS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/401301</link>
      <description><![CDATA[These conference proceedings contain 54 papers on various aspects of flow induced vibrations. The papers are organized under headings that cover:  analysis of the flow field; fluid elastic instability of cylinders in cross flow; hydraulic structures and machines; analysis and simulation of engineering structures; vortex shedding; self-excited vibration; structural dynamics and wear of heat exchanger tubes; vibration of tube bundles; and vibration induced by axial and annular flow.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/401301</guid>
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