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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Future Automotive Systems Technology Simulator (FASTSim) Validation Report – 2021</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1922776</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has been developing and using the Future Automotive Systems Technology Simulator (FASTSim) for roughly two decades in support of the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) transportation research goals. FASTSim produces rapid estimates of vehicle efficiency, performance, cost, and battery life in conventional and advanced powertrain technologies, enabling completion of such analyses using a modest set of publicly available vehicle parameters. This streamlined approach provides accurate results for many types of analysis while increasing speed, ease of use, and value related to finding required inputs, running the model, and interpreting results. FASTSim can also use customized inputs to represent specific vehicles even more precisely if detailed input data are available and the particular analysis warrants such increased fidelity. As with any model, the most critical aspect of FASTSim is its ability to reflect reality accurately. This is the purpose of validation—the comparison of modeling outputs versus results measured during vehicle or component operation in the laboratory or on the road. This report begins by describing FASTSim and its role within the continuum of available modeling tools, and then focuses on the validation of FASTSim.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 28 Mar 2022 16:52:15 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1922776</guid>
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      <title>The BRAKE Project - Centralized Versus Distributed Redundancy for Brake-by-Wire Systems</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1776895</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper presents the objectives and preliminary results of the BRAKE project - a joint effort of Delphi Automotive Systems, Infineon Technologies, Volvo Car Corporation and WindRiver. The objective of this project is to use microelectronics technologies to design a distributed Brake-by-Wire system including:                  The results comprise the requirements, interface specification (see [1]), a full simulation model, a hardware-in-the-loop bench, and a demonstration vehicle. The application has been developed using advanced automatic code generation for Infineon's TriCore based automotive microcontrollers.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 26 Mar 2021 17:47:47 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1776895</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Auxiliary Power Unit - A Development Update</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1776889</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Delphi Automotive Systems and BMW are jointly developing Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) technology for application in the transportation industry primarily as an on-board Auxiliary Power Unit (APU). In the first application of this joint program, the APU will be used to power an electric air conditioning system without the need for operating the vehicle engine. The SOFC based APU technology has the potential to provide a paradigm shift in the supply of electric power for passenger cars. Furthermore, by supplementing the conventional fuel with reformate in the internal combustion engine, extremely low emissions and high system efficiencies are possible. This is consistent with the increasing power demands in automobiles in the new era of more comfort and safety along with environmental friendliness. Delphi Automotive Systems and BMW were successful in demonstrating an Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) based on Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) technology in February, 2001. A SOFC APU generates power using hydrogen and carbon monoxide reformed from fuels such as gasoline, diesel, or natural gas. The proof-of-concept unit and the advantages of using a SOFC APU will be activities in the development of a second generation APU. This development has been targeted towards resolving the fundamental issues with the following key subsystems: fuel cell stack, fuel reformers, and energy and thermal management. Major focus has also been directed at system integration challenges to make a more robust and efficient product.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 26 Mar 2021 17:47:47 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1776889</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A Java Implementation of Future Automotive Systems Technology Simulator (FASTSim) Fuel Economy Simulation Code Modules</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1560822</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Future Automotive Systems Technology Simulator (FASTSim) is a free and open-source tool developed by National Renewable Energy Lab (NREL). Among the attractive capabilities of the FASTSim is that it can perform computationally efficient fuel economy simulations of automotive vehicles with reasonable accuracy for standard or arbitrary drive cycles. The modeling capability includes vehicles with various types of powertrains such as: conventional vehicles (CVs), hybrid-electric vehicles (HEVs), plugin hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) and battery-only electric vehicles (BEVs). The public version of FASTSim available from NREL is implemented in Excel, which achieves the goal of good accessibility to a broad audience, but has some limitations, including: i) bottleneck in computations when importing arbitrary drive cycles, ii) slower computations in general than other scripting or programming languages, and iii) less portable to integration with other applications and/or other platforms. This paper documents the development of a free and open-source coding of the fuel economy simulation modules of FASTSim in Java programming language. It is demonstrated that the Java implementation produces the same results (within accuracy limits) as the Excel version for the various types of powertrains, with a test set including thousands of arbitrary drive cycles from California Household Travel Survey (CHTS). The computation speed of the Java implementation was bench-marked at approximately two orders of magnitude faster than the Excel version, which makes the Java implementation convenient for researchers seeking to analyze large sets of arbitrary drive cycles.       ]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 31 Oct 2019 11:39:33 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1560822</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Impact of Time-Varying Passenger Loading on Conventional and Electrified Transit Bus Energy Consumption</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1629056</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Transit bus passenger loading changes significantly over the course of a workday. Therefore, time-varying vehicle mass as a result of passenger load becomes an important factor in instantaneous energy consumption. Battery-powered electric transit buses have restricted range and longer “fueling” time compared with conventional diesel-powered buses; thus, it is critical to know how much energy they require. Our previous work has shown that instantaneous transit bus mass can be obtained by measuring the pressure in the vehicle’s airbag suspension system. This paper leverages this novel technique to determine the impact of time-varying mass on energy consumption. Sixty-five days of velocity and mass data were collected from in-use transit buses operating on routes in the Twin Cities, MN metropolitan area. The simulation tool Future Automotive Systems Technology Simulator was modified to allow both velocity and mass as time-dependent inputs. This tool was then used to model an electrified and conventional bus on the same routes and determine the energy use of each bus. Results showed that the kinetic intensity varied from 0.27 to 4.69?mi-1 and passenger loading ranged from 2 to 21 passengers. Simulation results showed that energy consumption for both buses increased with increasing vehicle mass. The simulation also indicated that passenger loading has a greater impact on energy consumption for conventional buses than for electric buses owing to the electric bus’s ability to recapture energy. This work shows that measuring and analyzing real-time passenger loading is advantageous for determining the energy used by electric and conventional diesel buses.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 07 Jun 2019 15:13:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1629056</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Hybrid Gasoline-Electric Vehicle Development</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/772485</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This book summarizes the developments in hybrid gasoline-electric vehicles.  Written for practicing engineers, managers, students and others interested in this technology, the author focuses on hybrid vehicles with electrical energy storage systems and potential synergies provided by the electric power.  The text includes 28 SAE technical papers and journal articles on topics including power performance and fuel economy; powertrain architecture and controls integration; urban, military, and commercial applications; battery technologies; and energy management, control, and recovery systems.  The text also includes current work on hybrids at companies such as DaimlerChrysler, Delphi, Ford, General Motors, Honda, Nissan, Toyota, Eaton, and FedEx.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 31 Jan 2006 10:17:51 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/772485</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DELPHI OCCUPANT DETECTION FOR ADVANCED AIRBAGS. THE PASSIVE OCCUPANT DETECTION SYSTEM (PODS) FROM DELPHI AUTOMOTIVE SYSTEMS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/709051</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This article describes a smart occupant-detection system, developed by Delphi Automotive Systems, called the Passive Occupant Detection System (PODS). PODS consists of a bladder-based weight sensing system mounted under the passenger seat cushion. The system allows a vehicle air bag controller to variably deploy or suppress the passenger air bag, thereby reducing potential repair costs.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 14 Mar 2002 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/709051</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>IMPROVED PRODUCTIVITY IN THE BUSINESS OF MOLDING SMALL THERMOPLASTIC COMPONENTS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/195251</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The reason for the inclusion of the word "business" in the title is self-explanatory.  For us to be competitive in the world market, we must look at all aspects of the molding and thermoplastic components.  We all know that molding involves more than pushing a cycle button. Packard Electric has several hundred molding machines, and I would like to share with you an insight into our total operation, including the checks and balances used to mold a quality part at the lowest possible cost.  The presentation will include our design, processing and validation of both to meet our customers' demands in a product.  Then we will move into the production phase and discuss our receiving inspection of material, our manufacturing process controls and final release mechanism for the distribution of product.  I'm sure most of you are aware of the "parts" of the molding operation.  You may not have the needs of a large molding shop, but, as Ackoff has proposed, the "parts" may not always be representative of the "whole".  It is hoped that I will give you an understanding of the approach Packard takes to product, process and reliability to increase productivity.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 30 Sep 1983 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/195251</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>EXACT MEASUREMENT OF POWER LOSS IN AUTOMOTIVE TRANSMISSION AND AXLE FOR FUEL ECONOMY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/195246</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Many problems have been encountered in attempting to clarify the behaviors of drivetrain components from the standpoint of the power loss.  This paper describes the analytical and experimental research to develop a method of measuring the total power losses of transmission and axle whereby far more accurate test results can be obtained than by the conventional means with good repeatability.  In this pursuit, the power loss of the drivetrain is divided into two groups, i.e. gear tooth friction loss and lubricant churning loss, with the resulting practical formulation which permits calculation of these two losses on a separate basis.  Also covered are the results so far achieved by means of practical application of the above approach and concept in both bench and field testings aiming at improvement of fuel economy and prediction of the drivetrain lubricant temperatures in the field operation.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 30 Sep 1983 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/195246</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>INSPECTION--AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY'S ENDANGERED SPECIES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/195253</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Industrial Revolution and Management Science approach paved the way for specialized departments.  Among these came the Inspection Department, later the Quality Control Department, Quality Assurance Department, etc.  However, the renewed interest in Quality, Productivity and Quality of Worklife emphasize elements that run counter to this approach.  This paper describes the basic ingredients required for a successful transition and offers suggestions for further research.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 30 Sep 1983 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/195253</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SAE MAY NOT SPELL SAFETY BUT THE MEMBERSHIP KNOWS HOW</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/182074</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This article is a report on the highlights of the 1982 SAE International Congress and Exposition. SAE's support of automotive safety was obvious throughout its technical presentations on pedestrian accidents, the design of three-wheeled cars, trailering, driver interaction with the steering system, restraining belt and dash-cowl-firewall design, interior seat packaging, nighttime center line visibility, computerized suspension design, and low tire pressure warning devices.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 30 Oct 1982 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/182074</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>CAR WORDS. A BASIC GLOSSARY OF AUTOMOTIVE TERMINOLOGY PART I</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/180574</link>
      <description><![CDATA[While space limitations prevent us from detailing every word that pertains to your car, the following automotive lexicon has been compiled to provide you with a fairly broad cross-section of the terms most often encountered. In an effort to help you develop an even better understanding of your car and how it functions, we've also included a number of thumbnail overviews of major automotive systems and subsystems.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 30 Jun 1982 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/180574</guid>
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