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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Innovative Stations for an Innovative Transport System – The Maglev Stations Munich Central Railway Station (“Hauptbahnhof”) – Airport</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/795590</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Munich’s high-speed maglev line requires stations to be designed in a challenging setting due to the integration into existing transport infrastructure both at the central railway station and at the airport. A special feature is that a holistic design concept is in place for vehicles AND stations - the idea is to allow the journey chain to be experienced as an organic whole, with vehicles, stations and the environs co-ordinated with one another. Awaiting the customer are new features uncommon to railway travel in Germany as checkin for outgoing air passengers and their luggage, automatic ticketing, “gates” as means of controlling access and automated platform doors.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 16 Jan 2007 15:35:25 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>NEW INTELLIGENT TRANSPORT SYSTEMS APPLICATIONS IN EUROPE TO IMPROVE BUS SERVICES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/729348</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Applications of information technology are expanding rapidly across all modes of transport, under the general heading of intelligent transport systems (ITS).  For bus-based public transport, a cluster of applications has been developed that can help improve the efficiency and performance of buses on the street, thus helping to provide a real transport alternative to the private car.  An initial summary of a range of such ITS examples in Europe is provided, including automatic vehicle location (AVL), bus priority in traffic control systems, automatic ticketing systems, automatic camera enforcement systems, and variable message signs.  Then the focus shifts to one area where activity is most pronounced--the implementation of AVL systems and their integration with urban traffic control (UTC) systems.  A review of typical AVL/UTC systems operational in Europe is then presented through the identification of some eight alternative architectures and associated system characteristics, such as the technologies used and the location of bus priority "intelligence."  This is followed by a summary of examples from cities in Europe that have implemented these architectures, together with typical results illustrating the effectiveness of these systems.  The diversity of architectures, technologies, and systems is recognized as beneficial in providing customer choice, but can generate a significant difficulty for decision makers in local authorities wishing to invest in public transport ITS technologies.  A concluding discussion lists some of the key issues involved in this investment process.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 06 Dec 2003 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>TICKET ISSUING AND INSPECTION SYSTEM IN JNR</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/65635</link>
      <description><![CDATA[RTRI of JNR has developed various types of ticket issuing and inspection machines, such as ticket vending machine, printing/issuing machine, data collecting machine and automatic ticket inspection gate.  For the automatic ticket inspection system, RTRI also developed a standard ticket testing device which is very useful not only for JNR but also for private railways.  These developments must, in parallel with technological progress, reflect the trends of human society and must adapt to new kinds of software.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 23 Nov 1976 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>AUTOMATIC FARE COLLECTION SYSTEM OF THE REGIONAL EXPRESS SERVICE (RER) (SUBURBAN PARIS RAPID RAIL)</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/20588</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Two parts of the regional East-West line (Boissy-Saint-Leger and Saint Germain) are using an automatic fare collection with magnetically coded tickets that were especially developed for a complex fare structure, using the latest methods of real time information processing.  This report describes how rates are determined for single trip or multiple trip tickets and for long-term passes.  It describes the principle of the automatic fare system: shape of tickets, how they are purchased, how users are checked in and out and how the automatic ticket vending machines are connected with the information system.  The tickets, ticket vending machines, automatic monitors (turnstyles) and the information system computers are illustrated with figures and photos and are described.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 13 Aug 1975 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>AUTOMATIC TICKET ISSUING MACHINES ON FRANKFURT/MAIN'S URBAN AND SUBURBAN RAIL NETWORK</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/38686</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Automatic issuing machines print and sell tickets prepared in accordance with the spacing of fare scales and taking account of certain supplementary charges.  In addition, they must comply with the requirements of the financial and commercial departments as well as the demands of economical maintenance.  They are fitted with a device which warns the Control Office when change or the cardboard stock run out. The machines are equipped with a micro-computer and a central unit to cover all control and data processing functions.  In order to enlarge the capacity of the system, it is possible to add storage registers for invariable data and miniprogrammes (read only memory), storage registers with aleatory access (random access memory), as well as registers for enlarging the system's input and output capacity.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 15 Jul 1975 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/38686</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>GROUP CONTROL SYSTEM FOR TICKET-VENDING MACHINES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/25712</link>
      <description><![CDATA[To dispense the large volume of short-trip tickets required on Japanese National Railways, automatic ticket vending machines have been introduced.  In major stations, group control systems have been developed to coordinate change supply, coin collection by means of conveyors, automatic counting and logging of sales.  Two systems are used, a small-scale one for controlling less than ten machines and a larger one for more than ten vending machines.  One operator can supervise large banks of these machines efficiently.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 06 Mar 1975 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/25712</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>AUTOMATED RAILWAY BUSINESS SYSTEM</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/42078</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Ticket sales, booking, inspecting and collecting, and behind-the-scenes activities, which include reports on ticket issues or statistics preparation, have been mechanized or computerized for Japan's railways.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 09 Jan 1975 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/42078</guid>
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      <title>APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRONIC TECHNIQUES TO THE PARIS METRO</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/16137</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper covers the use of advanced electronic techniques on the Paris Metro, including: control of train operation, automatic train operation, interlockings at stations, and automatic ticketing.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 10 Jun 1974 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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