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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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      <title>Development of Thermally Enhanced Cementitious Materials with Microencapsulated PCM for Railway Infrastructure</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2636138</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study presents the development and pilot application of cementitious materials incorporating microencapsulated phase change materials (PCMs) for thermal regulation in rubber-tired Automated Guideway Transit (AGT) systems. Unlike previous PCM studies limited to buildings, this work demonstrates their first use in railway infrastructure. Material tests confirmed that PCM incorporation increased water and superplasticizer demand and reduced compressive strength, with up to a 36.7% loss at 30% replacement. Despite this trade-off, DSC and dynamic heat flow tests showed stable phase-change behavior and a significant heat-buffering effect, delaying internal temperature rise from 20 to 40 °C by up to 80 min. A pilot-scale test section of the K-AGT system was prepared, in which PCM-incorporated concrete was cast only at the top surface in contact with the wheels. This preliminary field application, the first of its kind in railway infrastructure, demonstrated the feasibility of the localized use of PCM-enhanced materials for addressing heat accumulation.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 30 Dec 2025 09:46:13 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2636138</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Dynamics of AGT Vehicle with Single-Axle Bogies</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2264017</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The steering type of a mechanical guidance system has been used for Automated Guideway Transit (AGT) system in Japan. Recently, the single-axle bogie system has developed for AGT vehicle and applied to "Yurikamome" 7200 series. This paper describes dynamic characteristics of AGT vehicle with single-axle bogies. Introducing a nonlinear 15 degree-of-freedom dynamic model, a computer simulation study on the lateral motion of the AGT vehicle with single-axle bogies are carried out. In order to show the dynamic characteristics of the single-axle bogie clearly, it is compared to that of the AGT vehicle with conventional steering system. The simulation results with actual vehicle parameters show that single-axle bogie has suitable characteristics for AGT system.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 22 Jan 2025 16:57:17 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2264017</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Research on headway control of a guided transport system based on intersection condition evaluation</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2289400</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In order to ensure the safety and efficiency of the section tracking operation of a guided transport system, a safety headway control method of section tracking based on intersection conditions is proposed in this paper. Considering the difference of signal phase, the evaluation model of road conditions was established based on a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, FAGT. Based on the artificial potential field method, the time-varying hybrid artificial potential field (TH-APF) method was proposed, and the tracking headway control algorithm was designed to realize the dynamic control of the tracking headway of the guide transport vehicle. The simulation results verified the effectiveness and applicability of the evaluation model of intersection road conditions; the tracking headway can be maintained at about 120 s. The tracking headway control algorithm of guided transport vehicles can respond to the road conditions and avoid the local optimum of the artificial potential field method, thus improving the operating efficiency.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 30 Nov 2023 10:47:12 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2289400</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Heterogeneity in the Preferences of Potential Users of Automated Transit Network (ATN)</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2221074</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Many cities in Iran, including the metropolis of Shiraz, are increasingly car-oriented, resulting in traffic congestion and related issues. Considering the current conditions of Iran, an automated transit network (ATN) can be one of the available solutions to this problem. ATN is an advanced type of public transit consisting of automated vehicles moving passengers on a network of dedicated guideways. As a combination of public, personal, and private transport, ATNs may decrease the use of cars and address related problems. In order to design effective policies aimed at achieving the benefits of ATN, it is necessary to have a better understanding of how people accept an ATN system, especially car users. This research aims at advancing future research on the effects of ATNs on travel behavior through identifying the characteristics of users who are likely to accept ATN services, by examining the heterogeneity in the preferences of these people. To achieve this goal, a stated choice survey was conducted and analyzed using multinomial logit (MNL) and mixed logit (ML) models. The results showed that the parameters of trip purpose, owning a hybrid car, and the level of education affect the preferences toward the ATN system. Additionally, from the comparison of the results of the MNL and ML models, it was found that despite the greater ability of the ML model in estimating possible heterogeneities, likely the MNL model can also help to record some heterogeneities more realistically. In the end, the methodological limitations of the study were also acknowledged. Despite the potential hypothesis bias and the status quo bias, the results captured the directionality and relative importance of the attributes of interest.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 28 Jul 2023 10:17:25 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2221074</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Guideway Switch of Maglev Changsha Airport Express Line</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2000586</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This article describes the guideway switch used in maglev Changsha airport express line in Hunan. The Changsha project was the first engineering application of the urban maglev guideway switch since it was designed and tested by NMTC a decade before. In order to meet the needs of the whole maglev system, NMTC made several optimizations to the original design and made the switch more reliable and stable.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 22 May 2023 13:28:45 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2000586</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Automated People Movers and Automated Transit Systems 2018: Moving to the Future, Building on the Past</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2093289</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This collection contains 22 peer-reviewed papers from the 16th International Conference on Automated People Movers (APM) and Automated Transit Systems (ATS), held in Tampa, Florida in 2018. Topics include: the current state and future of APMs and ATS; the history of APM and ATS; Personal Rapid Transit (PRT); applications, airport and other major activity centers projects; system improvements, facility planning and design; safety and security; standards; automated train control; and policy. These papers will be a valuable resource for planners, designers, suppliers, owners, and operators of automated transit in all forms.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 24 Jan 2023 09:28:42 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2093289</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>A Novel Automated Urban Maglev Transport System—Actual Design and Operational Data Compared with Legacy Systems</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1994644</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Due to the ongoing global trend of urbanization, demand for smart public transport is unbroken. However, since a lot of effort is undertaken to improve individual transport with electric and autonomous cars, public mass transit appears to have made less progress in the recent past. This paper presents a novel urban mass transit system scalable from about 1,000 pphpd to more than 30,000 pphpd. It is based on a very slim pre-fabricated guideway system only 1.2 m in height with up to 36 m span. By matching guideway and vehicle technology a very cost efficient system was built. It is based completely on commercial of the shelf technology and uses magnetic levitation and linear motors to minimize noise and vibration levels. Its fully automated operation is demonstrated and tested for over 45,000 km (Oct 2017) on its test facility in Germany. The paper will explain the design principles and its improvements of current maglev technology.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 24 Jan 2023 09:28:42 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1994644</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Straddle Monorail—Implementation Challenges</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1994634</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper presents the findings from a desktop study on accidents and evacuation approaches related to straddle monorails. The authors opine that at current stage all existing evacuation methods have limitations. Policy makers and transport planners intending to implement monorail systems are recommended to adopt an engineering approach with holistic considerations instead of imposing mandatory requirements on provision of specific evacuation methods for the entire line. With innovative technologies, it is believed that straddle monorails will eventually achieve a safe and efficient evacuation capability without sacrificing the economic and aesthetic advantages.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 24 Jan 2023 09:28:41 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1994634</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Urban Maglev Operation and Maintenance—Increasing Efficiency by Applying Lean Production Principles</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1994632</link>
      <description><![CDATA[To thoroughly test a novel, fully-automated urban maglev people mover system, a test track was designed and built at the company’s headquarters in Sengenthal, Germany. Here prototype vehicles are permanently tested under commercial operation load scenarios. Special attention is paid to realistic operation and maintenance (O&M) of vehicles and guideway. In addition, system modifications where components are replaced or upgraded by new versions derived from our continuous improvement efforts and engineering test are carried out. This mix of operational modes provides a challenging complexity for O& M activities. Our group took these challenges and created substantial improvements to operational effectiveness. The paper describes the system in detail, explains the lean production methodology and tools the authors used to create these improvements. It also quantifies the progress that was possible by these efforts, for example, the effective availability was more than doubled. Although the vehicles run on a test track, the operational mix provides an O&M complexity comparable or even beyond commercial operated systems. Therefore, the methods and results presented in our paper can be easily transferred to commercial operated systems, which is already planned.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 24 Jan 2023 09:28:41 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1994632</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>History of the Tampa Harbour Island People Mover</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1994625</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Harbour Island People Mover was an automated guideway transit people mover service used to carry visitors between Downtown Tampa and the Harbour Island development project across the Garrison Channel. Service began in June 1985 and President Ford participated in the opening of the development and was a passenger on the inaugural ride. The People Mover was manufactured by Otis Transportation Systems and ran on a 2,500-foot elevated concrete guideway between a shopping center on the island and a parking garage adjacent to the downtown. Although the privately owned system opened to much fanfare, ridership remained low and operating costs grew. In subsequent years, there were efforts by the developer, Beneficial Corporation, to sell the system to the Hillsborough Area Regional Transportation Authority (HART). Operations ceased in January 1999 and the guideway was demolished within the year. As part of the settlement agreement for closure, money went into an endowment to be used for the operating costs on the new TECO vintage streetcar line which operates today. This paper/presentation explores the history, characteristics, operations, and lessons from this exciting Tampa people mover project.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 24 Jan 2023 09:28:41 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1994625</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Control Strategy for Pneumatic Braking of the Aeromovel System</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1994624</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Aeromovel is a non-conventional steel-wheel steel-rail automated people mover (APM). The operation principle relies on a pneumatic propulsion system based upon the use of blowers that insufflate pressured air inside a duct formed by the box girder of the elevated track. The Aeromovel braking system is a blend of its primary wayside pneumatic brake, accomplished by the use of its unique propulsion principle, and secondarily, by the vehicle onboard anti-lock friction brake for precision stop and redundancy. The work presented in this paper demonstrates a novel control strategy for the pneumatic braking that aims at further improving its behavior and accuracy. The new braking scheme is based on suitably throttling the so-called atmospheric valves (AV) in on-off control actions. The strategy is based on the definition of a desired trajectory (velocity and position) with respect to state space and in pursuing this trajectory by a fitting behavior of such valve, forcing the vehicle trajectory to converge to the desired one. This strategy is known as sliding mode control. In this paper, the design of the control algorithm and the simulation results using a comprehensive model are presented and discussed, showing the effectiveness of the proposed braking strategy.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 24 Jan 2023 09:28:41 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1994624</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>An Innovative Transportation Solution for the City of Canoas, Brazil</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1994623</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper presents a case study on the ongoing development of the air-propelled Aeromovel System used in the dynamic urban setting of Canoas, Brazil. The 18-km dual lane system will consist of nineteen married-pair vehicles and twenty-five stations with one transfer point to the local suburban rail. This paper addresses the general characteristics, challenges involved, and expected results of this innovative project.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 24 Jan 2023 09:28:41 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1994623</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Providing Priority to Public Transit in the Absence of Dedicated Lanes: An Exploratory Experiment on the Automated Guideway Transit System</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1943534</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper presents a novel strategy for giving priority to automated guideway transit vehicles (AGTVs) in mixed traffic flow. From the perspective of road segments, a moving-block operation mode (MBOM) was proposed to help AGTVs eliminate the dependence on dedicated lanes. The car-following and lane-changing behaviors of both AGTVs and general vehicles were modeled using the theory of cellular automata. From the perspective of intersections, an MBOM-based dynamic multirequest signal priority (DMSP) model was developed to support the decision of multiple priority requests at the intersection. Notably, the DMSP model can synchronously deal with early green and green extension requests from the same or different phases. Extensive microsimulation experiments were conducted to examine the proposed strategy at various levels of traffic volume and AGTV headway. The results indicated that the MBOM outperforms the traditional strategy of setting up full-time or intermittent dedicated lanes, particularly in traffic conditions where the headway of AGTVs is longer than 300 s and the traffic volume is lower than 9.0  kpcu/h. Furthermore, the MBOM-based DMSP strategy was evaluated in terms of the performance of both traffic and energy efficiency. The per person travel time and coal consumption decreased by 6.93% and 1.61%, respectively, demonstrating the effectiveness of improving operational efficiency and sustainability of public transit.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 24 Jun 2022 17:07:47 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1943534</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Exploration of an integrated automated public transportation system</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1757724</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The COVID-19 pandemic triggers a pause in the urban transport system by creating disruptive impacts on both passenger and delivery services. A key prompt stemming from the outbreak of COVID-19 is for transportation engineers to re-think existing issues regarding urban transportation system and to develop innovative solutions to better cater to demands. An urban-based integrated automated public transportation system (APTS) that serves both people and freight is examined which leverages on emerging technologies such as information communication technology and automated vehicle. An illustrative example of an APTS, namely Dynamic Autonomous Road Transit (DART), is introduced, and the technical challenges are summarised. An APTS typology and components to model such an integrated mobility system for the urban area are described. Issues concerning business model and governance intervention to promote such an urban integration are explicitly discussed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 08 Feb 2021 11:16:41 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1757724</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>London Luton Airport Direct Air-Rail Transit System</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1716563</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A new fully-automated cable-hauled system is currently under construction at London Luton Airport (LLA), U.K. The “direct air to rail transit” (DART) system will realise a £225 million plan to fully upgrade London Luton’s transport links by 2021. It will be able to run 24 h a day, with two trains operating the 3-km journey from Luton Airport Parkway rail station to the terminal in under 4 min. Not only will the new DART system provide a much faster and efficient service than the current shuttle bus service, it will also make the use of public transport over private vehicles a far more attractive and sustainable option for passengers, enabling a significant modal shift from road to rail. The paper describes the driving project vision for high quality user experience, and some of the innovative procurement solutions implemented to maximise value for LLA.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 15 Jul 2020 09:17:58 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1716563</guid>
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