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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
      <url>https://trid.trb.org/Images/PageHeader-wTitle.jpg</url>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>A STUDY ON HIGHWAY ROUTE LOCATION AND SLOPE STABILIZATION IN SANDY ARID REGIONS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/121884</link>
      <description><![CDATA[ROAD CONSTRUCTION IN DESERT AREAS IS NOT ONLY DIFFICULT BECAUSE OF NON-AVAILABILITY OF MATERIALS IN SUCH AREAS, IT IS ALSO IMPOSSIBLE TO UPKEEP THE ROADS IN VIEW OF THE DAMAGING EFFECTS OF FAST BLOWING WINDS AND RAIN WATER. THIS STUDY DEALS WITH THE CAREFUL SELECTION OF THE HIGHWAY ROUTE, STABILIZATION OF SLOPES IN CUTS AND FILLS WITH MECHANICAL, CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL OR NATURAL VEGETATION TO AVOID ACCUMULATION OF BLOWN SAND OR EROSION OF EMBANKMENTS. /AUTHOR/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 15 Aug 2004 02:41:11 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/121884</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A PRELIMINARY APPRAISAL OF THE ENGINEERING SIGNIFICANCE OF SILCRETES AND FERRICRETES IN AUSTRALIA</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/121115</link>
      <description><![CDATA[ONE-THIRD OF AUSTRALIA IS COVERED BY THE PRODUCTS OF DEEP WEATHERING CYCLES. THESE PRODUCTS ARE FERRUGINISED OR SILICIFIED MATERIALS WHICH MAY OCCUR SEPARATELY OR TOGETHER. BECAUSE THE AREAS IN WHICH THESE MATERIALS OCCUR ARE EITHER ARID OR SO FAR FROM ESTABLISHED COMMUNITIES, LITTLE ENGINEERING ATTENTION HAS BEEN PAID TO THEM. WITH THE EXPLOITATION OF ARID AND NORTHERN AUSTRALIA NOW COMMENCING, INCREASING USE MUST BE MADE OF THESE MATERIALS. THE LACK OF DEFINITION IN THE TERMINOLOGY OF THESE MATERIALS POSES A PROBLEM. SILCRETES AND NON-SELF-BONDING FERRICRETES SHOULD BE TREATED AS ORDINARY NATURAL ENGINEERING MATERIALS, BUT SELF-BONDING FERRICRETES SHOULD BE TREATED MORE AS STABILISED MATERIALS. /AUTHOR/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 15 Aug 2004 02:38:06 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/121115</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>MEASUREMENTS OF SOLUBLE SALT CONTENT OF SOILS FROM ARID AND SEMI-ARID REGIONS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/469897</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The purpose of this paper is to describe and recommend further evaluation of several changes in the procedures for determining percent soluble soil for geotechnical engineering purposes. These changes build on what is already known about saturated salt solutions, how soluble soils dissolve, and the electrical conductivity of salt solutions. The most important change is to determine the degree of saturation of the water-soil solution used to find the soluble mineral content and to dilute this solution further if necessary. Other aspects of this work involve the application of electrical conductivity measurements in the determination of soluble mineral content and the modification of the gravimetric procedures to allow the water-soil mixture to reach equilibrium.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 03 Feb 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/469897</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>EARTHWORK DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION ISSUES FOR ARID REGIONS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/464182</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Urbanization of arid regions in the western and southwestern regions of the U.S. is a comparatively recent phenomenon. Most of this development dates from the commercialization of air conditioning since World War II, and recent demographic trends demonstrate acceleration of this phenomenon. In the last mid-decade U.S. census, 8 of the 10 fastest-growing cities and 6 of the 10 fastest-growing metropolitan areas were located in the arid Southwest. With the explosive growth in the region has come a need for supporting infrastructure, and a growing appreciation for the different mechanical behavior of soils in regions where water is a precious and sparse commodity. This article looks at specific design problems (response to wetting, cementation, salts) and construction issues (compaction, etc.).]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 19 Sep 1996 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/464182</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DURABILITY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE IN AGGRESSIVE SABKHA ENVIRONMENTS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/426352</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This technical paper reports the results of a study conducted to assess durability of 15 plain and blended cement concretes exposed to a typical salty sabkha environment.  The concrete mixtures were designed to evaluate the influence of C3A content, water-cementitious materials ratio, and type of supplementary cementing material, such as fly ash, silica fume, and blast furnace slag, on sulfate attack and reinforcement corrosion in an aggressive sabkha environment.  The sulfate attack was evaluated by visual inspection weight change.  Reinforcement corrosion was monitored by measuring corrosion potentials and polarization resistance at periodic intervals.  Despite the high sulfate concentration in the test solution, classified as "aggressive," results of this investigation revealed that sulfate attack was totally hindered in a sabkha environment.  Data on time to initiation of reinforcement corrosion and polarization resistance indicated that the main contributing factors for mitigating chloride-induced corrosion in sabkha environments, in increasing order of importance, are:  C3A content of cement, water-cement ratio of plain cements, and incorporation of mineral admixtures. The most significant improvement was achieved when the water-to-cementitious materials ratio was synchronously reduced with addition of silica fume.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 07 Jul 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/426352</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>PERFORMANCE OF REPAIR MATERIALS EXPOSED TO FLUCTUATION OF TEMPERATURE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/415696</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study evaluates the repair performance of resinous and cementitious materials exposed to static and fluctuating temperature conditions, which is of importance for the repair of concrete structures in the Arabian Gulf region.  To simulate the temperature variation of concrete surfaces on typical summer days in the Arabian Gulf region, specimens were exposed to a total of 90 thermal cycles between 25 deg C and 70 deg C.  The slant shear bond strengths and failure characteristics were observed at 0, 60, and 90 cycles.  The results indicate that the shear slant bond strength undergoes significant reduction with thermal fluctuations because of thermal incompatibility between the concrete and the repair materials.  The reduction for resinous materials varied from 9.3-20.47 percent for 60 cycles and from 18.98-36.43 percent for 90 thermal cycles.  The corresponding values for the cementitious materials were 3.2-17.46 percent for 60 cycles and 8.07-34.80 percent for 90 cycles.  A general observation about failure mode was that test specimens changed from crushing of concrete to combined crushing-joint failure at 60 cycles and then to a distinct joint failure at 90 thermal cycles.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 29 Mar 1995 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/415696</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>MODIFIED ODOMETER FOR ARID, SALINE SOILS. TECHNICAL NOTE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/409835</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This technical note describes sabkha, an unconsolidated, heterogeneous, layered or unlayered sediment soil bathed in highly concentrated brines.  The authors report that to accurately assess the collapse potential of sabkha, water must percolate through the soil to facilitate the dissolution of salts, thereby resulting in the reduction of void ratio.  The main objective of this study was to modify the conventional odometer to allow percolation of water through the soil so that collapse potential could be assessed.  A companion specimen was tested using the conventional odometer for comparison purposes. Findings indicate a significant reduction in void ratio for both modified and conventional odometers.  The effect of water percolation did not significantly alter the compression and swelling indices.  The flow of water and permeability decrease with time.  The authors conclude that collapse potential of sabkha can be attributed to salt dissolution, leaching, and soil grain adjustment.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 18 Oct 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/409835</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ESTABLISHMENT OF ROADSIDE VEGETATION ALONG ARIZONA HIGHWAYS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/99147</link>
      <description><![CDATA[THIS REPORT LISTS AND, IN FACT, DESCRIBES SPECIES OF NATIVE WOODY AND HERBACEOUS PLANTS THAT HAVE A POTENTIAL FOR ROADSIDE USE IN THE ARID REGIONS OF THE SOUTHWEST. INCLUDED ARE DESCRIPTIONS OF TECHNIQUES USEFUL IN EFFECTIVELY PROPOGATING AND ESTABLISHING MANY OF THE SPECIES NAMED BY DIRECT SEEDING AND ASEXUALLY. SEED COLLECTION DATES, TREATMENT AND CULTURAL PRACTICES ARE INDICATED FOR A NUMBER OF SPECIES. SOAKING MEXICAN PALO VERDE SEED IN BOILING WATER PRIOR TO DIRECT SEEDING CONTRIBUTED TO 70 PERCENT GERMINATION. THE USE OF PEAGRAVEL AND CRUSHED CINDERS WERE FOUND TO BE EFFECTIVE ADDITIVES IN MATERIAL USED FOR BACKFILLING PLANT HOLES, PROBABLY FOR THE REASON THAT WATER PERCOLATED MORE FREELY. COMPOST GIN-TRASH MIXED WITH SOIL WAS AS GOOD AS PEAT MOSS-MANURE MIXTURE WHEN USED AS BACKFILL IN PLANT HOLES. WHERE THE USE OF EQUIPMENT IS FEASIBLE, IT IS DESIRABLE TO SCARIFY THE SURFACE PRIOR TO SEEDING GRASS.  TESTS DEMONSTRATED THAT PLANT GROWTH AND SURVIVAL WERE BENEFITTED BY HEAVY PRUNING, WATERING, FERTILIZATION AND THE USE OF ANTI-DESICCANTS. MULCHES OF STRAW/ASPHALT WERE MORE EFFECTIVE THAN KNIT-NET, SOIL-SET, TROY-TURF AND STRANDEX IN CONTROLLING EROSION AND SIMULATING THE PRODUCTION OF GRASS GROWTH. /BPR/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 04 Oct 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/99147</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>COMPACTED CLAY LINERS AND COVERS FOR ARID SITES. DISCUSSION AND CLOSURE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/409513</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A discussion of a paper with the aforementioned title by Daniel and Wu, published in this journal (Volume 119, Number 2, February 1993), is presented.  The discussion focuses on the applicability of this study on desiccation cracking of clay liners/covers to a more geographically extensive area.  Horvath notes that the authors concentrate on arid sites; however, the study has wider applicability.  Horvath also comments on one of the proposed strategies--a soil layer to protect clay liners--noting a more cost-effective alternative is expanded polystyrene.  Discussion is followed by closure from the authors.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 11 Sep 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/409513</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>PERFORMANCE OF RECYCLED ASPHALT CONCRETE OVERLAYS IN SOUTHWESTERN ARIZONA</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/389693</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Recycled asphalt concrete overlay is a routine rehabilitation strategy for most highway agencies.  In 1981 the Arizona Department of Transportation constructed an experimental asphalt concrete overlay project on Interstate 8 in southwestern Arizona.  The project consisted of eight test sections comparing long-term performance of recycled and virgin asphalt concrete overlays in an arid climate.  Mays meter roughness, Mu meter skid number, and percentage cracked data were collected on different test sections over the service life of the project.  A visual distress survey was conducted on each section at the end of service life.  Rut depth and falling weight deflectometer measurements were also taken before rehabilitation of the 1981 project.  Analysis of roughness, skid, and cracking data indicates that the recycled and virgin asphalt concrete overlays have performed similarly.  The poor condition of one virgin overlay section at the end of the service life appeared to be caused by weaker subgrade support.  The thicker overlays performed better than did the thinner overlays.  Considerable rutting was observed on the thicker overlay sections partly because of densification of asphalt concrete mixes under traffic load.  The average annual maintenance costs for different test sections were similar.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 22 Apr 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/389693</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ASPHALT PAVEMENT TEMPERATURE RELATED TO ARID SAUDI ENVIRONMENT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/388981</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study collected data for pavement temperatures in typical Saudi Arabian arid inland and arid coastal environments.  The effect of thickness of the asphalt-bound layers on the temperature distribution at various pavement depths were evaluated.  The paper describes the details of the experimental program.  The study results are presented that relate to the following: solar radiation and air temperature; yearly temperature variation; daily variation; frequency distribution of pavement temperature; and temperature-reslient modulus relation.  It was found that extreme pavement temperatures in the Saudi environment ranged between 3 deg C and 72 deg C for coastal areas.  Thick asphalt-concrete slabs recorded slightly lower temperatures than thin slabs.  These and other findings are discussed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 28 Feb 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/388981</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SUPERPAVE USED IN ARIZONA: 16-YEAR STUDY WILL FOLLOW</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/385184</link>
      <description><![CDATA[It is described how Superpave, the new asphaltic mix design system developed by the Strategic Highway Research Program for constructing climate-sensitive pavements is being used for the first time in an arid climate.  It is being  used to help widen U.S. 93 in northwestern Arizona with the application of 4 test sections.  The computerized system specified a coarser blend of binder and aggregate to reduce rutting and cracking on the heavily traveled highway leading to Las Vegas. Details of the test sections and of the study are summarized. Tests are being run on cores, aggregate, binder and bulk mix samples to establish benchmarks for 16 years of evluatation by the Federal Highway Administration.  The mix designs for the Superpave tests sections were developed by the Asphalt Institute in Kentucky.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 16 Feb 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/385184</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SIMULATION OF CLIMATIC AND VEGETATION EFFECTS ON PAVEMENTS ON EXPANSIVE CLAYS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/365516</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The flow of moisture through a continuum cannot explain the very wet conditions present under pavements in semiarid and arid climates.  A possible major cause is the presence of shrinkage cracks.  In this manner, the water infiltrates through the cracks where it is slowly absorbed on the crack walls.  This water is, then, effectively trapped within the soil mass because the prevailing suction gradients are not large enough or do not act for sufficiently long times to remove significant amounts of moisture.  A simplified model to simulate the infiltration of rainfall through the crack fabric and the removal of soil moisture by soil evaporation and plant transpiration along the sides of a pavement is described.  The moisture movement through the crack fabric is sumulated as an open channel flow.  The moisture transfer from the cracks to the soil on the crack walls is assumed to be one-dimensional absorption.  The results of simulations for several climatic regions of Texas are presented.  For all these regions, the model predicts steady closing of the crack fabric under the pavement.  The time to closing ranges from less than 1 year for the climatic conditions of Houston to more than 8 years for the climatic conditions of El Paso. In contrast, the shrinkage cracks under the edge of the pavement and within the soil adjacent to the pavement close during wet periods and then reopen again during extended dry periods.  For the wetter climates, the cracks are generally closed and only open during periods of consistent dry weather.  For the drier climates, the cracks remain open at all times.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 30 Apr 1992 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/365516</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>FLOOD FREQUENCY METHODS FOR ARIZONA STREAMS: STATE OF THE ART. FINAL REPORT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/361729</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report discusses various aspects of previous, present and future methodologies for flood frequency analysis. Means for developing estimates of flood peaks that have specified rare probabilities of occurring at gaged stream sites are described.  Problems and means of estimating design flood at ungaged sites are described, including need for new short duration rainfall intensities.  Emphasis is on arid zone difficulties.  Promising new approaches are stressed.  A strategy for executing the data analysis and a design manual for practicing engineers and hydrologists are presented. Manpower, time and budget requirements are estimated.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 29 Feb 1992 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/361729</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ANALYSIS OF FLOWS ON ALLUVIAL FANS: STATE OF THE ART. FINAL REPORT</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/361730</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A preliminary approach to the analysis of flows on alluvial fans is presented.  The specific objective is the design of highway crossings constructed on alluvial fans in Arizona. Hydrologic, hydraulic and sedimentation effects are presented.  The effect of development on alluvial fans is addressed and a work plan for future research is presented.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 29 Feb 1992 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/361730</guid>
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