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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Urban mobility and employment: Spatial Dynamics of Daily Mobility and Commuting Patterns in Peripheral Areas</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2647763</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This research analyzes the relationship between urban accessibility, labor informality, and mobility patterns in the metropolitan area of Arequipa, Peru, using the district of Mariano Melgar as a case study. Using a mixed methodological approach that combines GIS spatial analysis with mental maps of informal workers, it examines the territorial distribution of formal and informal employment in relation to the public transportation system. The results reveal marked spatial segregation, with formal employment concentrated in the consolidated urban center, while informal employment is dispersed to the peripheries with limited public transport coverage. The analysis highlights a territorial paradox: administrative geographical proximity does not guarantee real accessibility, generating patterns of forced mobility that penalize informal workers with longer and more costly commutes. The findings confirm that Arequipa’s monocentric urban structure reproduces territorial inequalities that perpetuate cycles of informal employment, calling for integrated urban policies that articulate territorial planning, local economic development, and more equitable transportation systems to promote social inclusion and sustainable urban mobility.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 20 Feb 2026 15:28:25 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Study of new forms of urban displacements during COVID-19 by means of the mobile sig application in the city of Arequipa</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2385085</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a shift in urban commute patterns in recent years, demonstrating the cities of Latin America’s typical lack of resiliency. This study’s goal is to examine both motorized and non-motorized types of transportation throughout the pandemic, to comprehend how these new modes of transportation changed. In parallel, an App called CovWay was created to obtain coordinates linked to Geographic Information Systems (GIS) using a quantitative method of spatial interpolation. Based on a statistical reclassification, the presented results are a map of frequencies by displacement. The sample was subjected to an online survey. There is evidence of a break from routine and a switch to new modes of transportation, which may pave the way for the adoption of a more environmentally friendly transportation paradigm.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 24 Jun 2024 09:24:08 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Walkability index for world heritage cities in developing countries</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2374006</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Walkability principles are an important part in the planning process of cities that face urban problems such as gentrification, pollution, and decay of their built heritage. The proposed factors – connectivity, proximity, land use mix, and retail density – form a comprehensive framework for evaluating walkability that transcends the boundaries of historical cities. These factors, while initially identified within historical contexts, possess inherent qualities that render them universally adaptable to various urban landscapes. By leveraging these factors, urban planners gain insights into the intricate fabric of pedestrian experiences in cities. They serve as universal evaluative tools, applicable not only to historical cities but also to burgeoning metropolises and smaller urban centres. This work introduces a novel approach to assessing the Walkability Index for World Heritage Cities, utilizing a Multiple Criteria Spatial Decision Support System (GIS-MCDA) structured in four stages. The approached methodology is particularly valuable for governments and decision-makers in developing countries of the Global South, where limitations in data and available tools are common challenges. The insights gained from this study can guide the improvement of policies, enable more precise implementation of sustainable mobility infrastructure, and motivate the pursuit or maintenance of UNESCO World Heritage nominations. The case study focused on the Historical Centre of Arequipa, Peru, a city designated as a UNESCO World Heritage site. The results of this study demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in such contexts, owing to its specificity and the integration of both objective and subjective elements.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 31 May 2024 16:50:34 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2374006</guid>
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      <title>Gendered Perspectives on Transit Crime in Arequipa, Perú, and Bogotá, Colombia</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1287992</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In this paper, transit crime in Arequipa, Perú and Bogotá, Colombia are analyzed through a “gendered lens” using mixed-methods analysis of survey and interview data. Results show that transit robbery is highly visible.  Sexual assault is also a palpable presence that colors some women’s daily experience, but is invisible to many of the predominantly male transport professionals and to male transit passengers.  The author draws on feminist theory to explore why many male professionals and riders do not seem to exhibit a full understanding of the experiences of female victims, placing levels of visibility on a continuum.  She then considers how to bridge this gap in understanding to formulate effective policy.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 25 Feb 2014 09:15:22 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1287992</guid>
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      <title>Open Versus Closed: Effects of Question Form on Transit Rider Expressions of Policy Preferences in Arequipa, Peru</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1242518</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The expression of attitudes is very sensitive to variations in survey structure. With a survey with both open and closed questions of a single sample of respondents, an analysis was done on attitudes about public transportation of peak-hour transit users in Arequipa, Peru. It was found that combining both question types helped identify and compensate for the limitations of each. The results of the open and closed questions were dramatically different, even though the same individuals answered both questions. In response to nondirective, open-ended questioning, respondents emphasized experiential concerns such as comfort and travel times. However, when asked to rank transit-related issues in order of importance, respondents overwhelmingly chose social concerns such as pollution and traffic accidents over the experiential concerns they themselves previously mentioned. The psychological forces that may have led to these apparently contradictory results were explored. The paper drew on the belief-sampling model of survey response and social desirability bias to explain why open questioning may have understated the true value respondents placed on social issues, whereas the closed question may have underemphasized the importance of users’ quotidian travel experience. The participants’ willingness to change answers between the two question forms suggests that confirmation bias may not be a significant impediment to the use of mixed question types.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 09 Apr 2013 12:46:40 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1242518</guid>
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      <title>INVESTIGATORS PROBE 737 CRASH IN PERU</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/560045</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No abstract provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 11 Apr 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/560045</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>ALTITUDE CONFUSION CITED IN FAUCETT 737 CRASH..</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/560592</link>
      <description><![CDATA[CRASH NEAR AREQUIPA, PERU FEB. 29.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 11 Apr 1997 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/560592</guid>
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