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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
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      <title>EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS INVOLVED IN METALLURGICAL PROCESSES TO UTILIZE DOMESTIC RESOURCES FOR PRODUCTION OF ALUMINA. PHASE 1 REPORT: ASSESSMENT OF SIX RAW MATERIAL/PROCESS TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/143890</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The study provides information on the environmental factors of six raw material/process technology options for alumina production from domestic nonbauxitic resources. The six options are compared in regard to potential environmental effects. The segments of each option assessed include: mining and transportation of raw material; construction of the process plant; operation of the process plant; disposal of process wastes; and closure and reclamation of mine, process plant, and waste disposal areas. The options studied were clay/nitric acid, clay/hydrochloric acid (evaporative and gas-induced crystallization), clay/sulfurous acid, anorthosite/lime-sinter, and alunite/reduction roasting. The primary information base for the study was process feasibility studies, reports of investigations, and information circulars provided by the Bureau of Mines. Comparison of the six options indicated that the two clay/hydrochloric acid options would have the least potential for adverse environmental effects. This study is the first of a three-part program under this contract.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 11 Feb 1980 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>BAUXITE/ALUMINA -- BULKS IN TRANSITION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/80672</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In the second of a series of articles analyzing bulk trade developments and the implications for terminals and associated cargo-handling techniques, this article looks at the potential of aluminum raw materials seaborne trade in the next decade, concluding that the provision of higher capacity bauxite/alumina loading and discharging facilities, necessitated by trade growth and changes in vessel sizes, is likely to prove increasingly problematic.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 13 Jan 1979 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>INTEGRAL ALUMINUM INDUSTRY FOR THE SOUTHEAST -- CONCERNS AND OUTLOOK</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/72416</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Reserves of kaolin in Georgia are more than adequate to support an alumina or aluminum industry.  The author gives economic estimates regarding a hydrochloric acid extraction method based on a million short tons a year production of alumina and concludes that a commercial alumina-from-kaolin facility in Georgia could be on stream between late 1980 and 1985.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 26 Apr 1978 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>BAUXITE AND ALUMINA: A CHANGING PATTERN OF SEABORNE TRADE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/4675</link>
      <description><![CDATA[While the raw materials employed in aluminium production - which are bauxite and an intermediate product, alumina - are not comparable to iron ore and other steelmaking materials in terms of the quantities moving in international trade, the tonnages shipped are still large at approximately 35 million tons annually.  Taken together, bauxite and alumina rank fourth among the bulk commodities in seaborne trade, although the two differ greatly in bulk, in density and in handling characteristics.  Originally, virtually all this raw material was received in the form of bauxite, but as the developing countries in which mining takes place have sought to increase their revenue and transport costs have risen, conversion to alumina has been increasingly carried out at source.  Since the mid-1960's, alumina shipments by sea have quadrupled, rising to over six million tons in 1971. Since a little more than four tons of bauxite (which stows at around 35 cubic feet/ton) is required to produce two tons of alumina, the establishment of alumina capacity at or near major sources of bauxite supply in the Caribbean, Australia, etc. would, at first sight, appear to reduce demand for bulk shipping.  In practice, average trading distances are increasing for both bauxite and alumina and will continue to do so now that Australia has emerged as the largest supplier. Changes in the supply pattern are reviewed in this, the fourth in a series of reports from H. P. DREWRY (SHIPPING CONSULTANTS) LIMITED, which also includes a comprehensive survey of existing bauxite and alumina producing facilities.  The first part, which is concerned with the past development of world trade in bauxite and alumina, also outlines recent trends in aluminium production.  The fact that the aluminium industry is passing through one of its periodic crises of over-capacity ought not to obscure the prospects for continued strong growth in the second half of the 1970's. Control of raw material sources through integration - sometimes referred to as "going basic" - has always been a feature of the industry and, in the second part of the report, the operations of individual producers are detailed to show how the industry's structure affects the movement of raw materials.  Reference is also made to planned additions to bauxite and alumina capacity to provide background to the projections of seaborne trade contained in the third section of the report.  This also provides information on ship sizes, loading terminals, etc., all vessels regularly employed in the bauxite/alumina trades being listed in an appendix.  Freight rates and the demand for bauxite/alumina tonnage are discussed in the final section.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 27 Oct 1974 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/4675</guid>
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      <title>AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF AN OIL SHALE, NAHCOLITE, DAWSONITE COMPLEX IN COLORADO, OPTION III, CIRCA 1971</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/10909</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Option III concerns mining and processing a nahcolite deposit in the Piceance Creek basin, Colorado, plus an underlying measure of oil shale containing 14.8 percent nahcolite and 11.6 percent dawsonite by weight, and yielding 37 gallons of shale oil per ton.  Principal products are soda ash, alumina, and shale oil.  Coke, sulfur, and ammonia are evaluated as byproducts.  A two-level shaft mining operation, retorting, partial refining, and a minerals processing plant requires a capital investment of $636,973,000 in 1971 dollars to process 8,000 tons per calendar day of white nahcolite ore and 60,000 tons per calendar day of mineral-bearing oil shale.  An income of $257,599,600 based on 1971 prices requires $151,373,400 annual operating expenditures including labor, materials, maintenance, taxes, insurance, overhead, and depreciation. The discounted cash flow rate of return is 14.45 percent based on a weighted average depreciation life of 14.155 years.  This option differs from Option II in depth of the shale bed mined and anlaysis of the deposit.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 02 Apr 1974 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/10909</guid>
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