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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <item>
      <title>CURRENT RESEARCH ACTIVITIES OF THE DEPARTMENT OF OCEANOGRAPHY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/42518</link>
      <description><![CDATA[;Contents: Dynamics and thermodynamics of the upper ocean; Planetary-scale oceanic processes; Meso-scale oceanic processes; Small-scale physical processes; Coastal dynamics, upwelling, and downwelling; Estuarine processes; Sediment transport; Marine stratigraphy; Coastal and shelf sedimentology; Micropaleontology of sediments; Global tectonics; Genesis of the ocean crust; Analytical chemistry of seawater; Chemical indicators of oceanographic processes; Chemical controls and consequences of biological-biochemical processes; Kinetics and thermodynamics of chemical, biochemical, and geochemical processes; Marine geochemical studies; Chemical studies of marine environments; Biome studies and marine ecosystems analysis; Plankton production; Benthic production; Biology of marine organisms; Biogeography and taxonomy; Marine acoustics; Marine resource development; Applications of oceanography.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 13 Jul 2002 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/42518</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>FLOW AERATION AT STEPPED CASCADES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/473859</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In storm waterways, at dam outlets and in water treatment plants, it is common to design stepped waterways and cascades nowadays.  Stepped channel flows are characterised by a substantial flow aeration (i.e., white water) and there is presently little information on the air-water flow characteristics.  The report presents experimental data for two flow regimes:  nappe flow and skimming flow.  New experimental data were obtained using a 25-m long stepped channel with a 3.4-degree slope.  Flow was nappe flow without hydraulic jump, i.e., supercritical all along the cascade.  The stepped cascade flow exhibited three-dimensional patterns:  shock waves and sidewall standing waves.  The experimental results suggest an analogy between supercritical flows at an abrupt drop (i.e., stepped channel) and at an abrupt expansion.  Air concentration measurements were performed at various locations along the cascade.  The results indicate that, in the same facility and for the same flow rate, the stepped cascade entrains two to three times more (undissolved) air than a smooth-chute flow. The laboratory findings are consistent with prototype observations at the Gold Creek dam spillway (Brisbane). Investigations by the authors into the air-water flow characteristics of skimming flow on stepped chutes have included the re-analysis of both model and prototype data.  This has shown that the air-water flow properties exhibit similar features as high-velocity flows down smooth chutes.  The effects of free-surface aeration on the flow properties are significant, as suggested first by Chanson (1993).  Altogether the rate of aeration is larger on stepped chutes than on smooth chutes. Stepped cascades are an excellent technique for reoxygenating depleted waters and removing volatile organic compounds.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 17 Apr 1998 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/473859</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>INTERMODAL FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/460043</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This edition of Intermodal Freight Transportation catalogues the development of the industry, including important advances which have occurred in the last few years.  The book is organized into 13 chapters, and 3 appendices.  The chapters cover the following areas: 1. Introduction; 2. How Intermodality Developed in the United States; 3. The Container Revolution; 4. Government Regulation and Deregulation; 5. Intermodal Movements by Rail and Motor Carrier; 6. Intermodal Movements by Air, Water and Bridge Services; 7. Intermodal Through Carriage Documents, Liability Rules and Facilitation; 8. Intermodal Transportation Facilitators; 9. Terminals and Cargo-Handling Equipment; 10. Intermodal Containers; 11. Communications and Information Technologies; 12. Competition; 13. The Future of Intermodalism.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 22 Jul 1996 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/460043</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>EVALUATION OF SEARCHING AND RESCUE (SAR) METHOD FOR DETERMINING LOCAL WIND CURRENT; INTERIM REPT. FEB-JUL 91</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/406094</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report discusses a preliminary investigation of the National Search and Rescue (SAR) Manual method for calculating wind driven currents. The SAR Manual recommends a manual method developed by Mooney (1 978). The derivation of the model is reviewed and the local wind current predictions are compared with the Mellor Yamada Level 2 1/2 model (Mellor-Yamada, 1982), a complex one-dimensional model of the mixed layer. Several aspects of the model are assessed for physical correctness. Recommendations for a manual and a numerical method are provided based on the comparison of the predications of the SAR-Mooney model with those of the Mellor-Yamada Level 2 1/2 model. Consequently, these recommendations should be regarded as provisional until the experimental investigation has been performed and the results analyzed.  search and rescue (SAR), wind driven currents, Ekman Current.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 03 Oct 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/406094</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>QUALITY OF THE OHIO RIVER AND ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION AND ITS RELATION TO CORROSION OF LOCK AND DAM FACILITIES IN THE LOWER OHIO RIVER BASIN NEAR PADUCAH, KENTUCKY; WATER RESOURCES INVESTIGATION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/406125</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The purpose of the report is to evaluate the quality of the Ohio River, atmospheric deposition, and corrosion product samples and their relation to corrosion of Lock and Dam 53 on the Ohio River near Paducah, Kentucky. Chemical determinations of river quality, atmospheric deposition, and corrosion product were performed on samples from Dam 53 and compared to similar determinations at Dam 52 (a control site 19 miles upstream) and to historical data from the region, where available. Statistical methods (summaries and applicable hypothesis tests) were used to help identify water- quality characteristics and environmental factors that have some potential for accelerating corrosion processes at Dam 53.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 03 Oct 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/406125</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>A NACOA RETROSPECTIVE: 1971-1977</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/162180</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In the 6 years of its existence, the National Advisory Committee on Oceans and Atmosphere (NACOA) has commented or advised on many oceanic and atmospheric issues of importance. These comments and recommendations have appeared in NACOA reports. The purpose is to introduce new members of the National Advisory Committee on Oceans and Atmosphere to the work of those who preceded them. Specific areas treated are: Coastal Zone Management, Energy, Environmental Interaction, Law of the Sea, Living Resources, Marine Transportation, Ocean Engineering, Ocean Science, Ocean and Atmospheric Policy, Planning, and Organization, and Weather Modification and Climate Change.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 19 Nov 1981 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/162180</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>REPORT OF THE INTERNATIONAL ICE PATROL SERVICES IN THE NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/144038</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The 1977 International Ice Patrol Service in the North Atlantic Ocean was conducted by the United States Coast Guard under the provisions of Title 46 United States Code, Sections 738, 738a through 738d, and the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1960, Regulations 5 through 8. The International Ice Patrol is a service for observing and dissiminating information on ice conditions in the Grand Banks Region of the Northwest Atlantic Ocean. During the ice season, the southeastern, southern and southwestern limits of the regions of icebergs in the vicinity of the Grand Banks of Newfoundland are guarded for the purpose of informing passing ships of the extent of this dangerous region. The International Ice Patrol also studies ice conditions in general with emphasis on the formation, drift and deterioration of icebergs, and assists ships and personnel requiring aid within the limits of operation of the Ice Patrol forces. The International Ice Patrol is directed from the Ice Patrol Office located at the U.S. Coast Guard Base, Governors Island, New York. The Office gathers ice and environmental data from a variety of sources, maintains an ice plot, forecasts ice conditions, prepares the twice-daily Ice Bulletin, replies to requests for special ice information, and executes operational control of the Aerial Ice Reconnaissance Detachment, the Ice Patrol oceanographic cutter, and the Surface Patrol cutter when assigned.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 27 Feb 1980 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/144038</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>SURFACE OIL DISPLACEMENT BY U.S. COAST GUARD 82-FOOT CUTTERS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/144087</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The U. S. Navy, in cooperation with the U. S. Coast Guard, is conducting design and feasibility studies for a portable oil sorbent spreader and retriever for use aboard military and commercial vessels-of-opportunity during oil spill clean up operations. As part of this program, the U. S. Navy's Civil Engineering Laboratory (CEL), Port Hueneme, California contracted with the Geography Remote Sensing Unit (GRSU), University of California, Santa Barbara to provide field support and data analysis services in conjunction with sea tests to determine the effects of vessels on surface oil slicks. A total of four sea truth data acquisition cruises were conducted through natural oil seeps in the Santa Barbara Channel, California between December 1977 and February 1978. Coast Guard 82-foot patrol boats served as representative vessels of opportunity for the tests. This report describes the data collection program associated with the sea tests and the results of our analysis of field data. (Author)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 27 Feb 1980 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/144087</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A SUMMARY OF WAVE DATA NEEDS AND AVAILABILITY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/143773</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The paper consists of three parts. First is a summary of the wave data needs of three classes of maritime interests: (a) designers of ships and floating and fixed offshore platforms, (b) regulatory bodies and classification societies primarily interested in safety and environmental protection, and (c) operators concerned with ship routing and offshore activities such as oil and mineral recovery and energy production. The second part is a summary of the status of wave data, and the third part is a set of conclusions. The present wave data base to meet the developing needs of designers of ship and offshore structures, regulatory bodies, and operators is incomplete. To complete it using only in situ measurement methods such as buoys appears impractical. However, these do have important use in the collection of data for special areas of interest, particularly where severe seas are known to occur, and for verification and calibration of hindcast and satellite measurement techniques. The two most promising means of developing the required wave climatology appear to be: (a) by hindcasting techniques and (b) by satellite observations. Hindcasting techniques, which can produce broadband directional spectra, are well advanced but require additional verification. Satellite techniques and hardware will not be available for some years. Visual observations by mariners continue; although these observations cannot provide quantitative (spectral) data, they are valuable for estimating long-term wave-height distribution. (Author)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 30 Jan 1980 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/143773</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A SURVEY OF WIND LOADS ON OCEAN FACILITY STRUCTURES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/69534</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A survey was conducted to compile and annotate the existing wind loads data applicable to ocean facilities structures, including ships, moored systems and offshore structures. After a survey of sources available at the David W. Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center (DTNSRDC), a bibliography on wind loads data was prepared. Data item summary sheets are given for representative wind loads data, including typical analytical methods and representative experimental methods. The survey revealed that there is a lack of wind loads data on offshore structures and that a handbook on the wind loads on ocean facilities structures is needed for ocean engineering applications. This handbook could be part of a handbook on environmental forces which could include wind, wave and current loads on ocean structures. (Author)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 26 Apr 1978 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/69534</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A NEW WAVE-WIND CHANNEL FOR FLUID DYNAMICS RESEARCH AT THE NAVAL RESEARCH LABORATORY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/63624</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A new multipurpose wave-wind channel facility has been constructed for use in the support of on-going fluid dynamics research programs at the Naval Research Laboratory. This facility has been designed to accommodate experiments ranging from the study of wind and wave effects on ocean structures to the dynamic interactions between the wind and ocean waves. The channel has been equipped initially with a mechanically-driven regular wave generator and a wind tunnel for the generation of wind waves. The laboratory facility, the wave channel and wave generators, and the research programs for which the laboratory has been constructed are described in this report.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 16 Feb 1977 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/63624</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>INVESTIGATION OF THE VELOCITY FIELD OVER WAVES USING A WAVE FOLLOWER</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/14381</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The turbulent velocity field over simple propagating waves is investigated by hot-film sensors in a wind and wave facility. Use is made of a wave follower to obtain measurements below the wave crest level. Turbulence measurements are obtained in a wave following frame over the range 1.75 - 25 cm above the instantaneous water level. The measurements are transformed to an Eulerian frame and compared to measurements obtained from fixed probes over a height range 10-50 cm above the mean water level. In the overlap region the transformed wave following results are in reasonable agreement with the fixed probes results. The measurements below the crest level indicate rapid variations in Reynolds stresses and wave induced velocities. The results suggest nonlinear wave induced perturbations close to the water surface and reveal weaknesses in assumptions adopted in recent theoretical models of turbulent shear flows over waves. (Author)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 25 Mar 1974 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/14381</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THE WAVE SPECTRUM AND WINDSPEED AS DESCRIPTORS OF THE OCEAN SURFACE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/14400</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Of the various parameters and phenomena used in describing sea surface conditions, the two most widely used are the wave spectrum and the windspeed. The wave spectrum states how the surface wave energy is distributed with wave frequency. The windspeed is the key parameter for allowing an estimate of the wave spectrum to be made where it is otherwise unobtainable. Remote sensing techniques have been developed to help describe what is occurring at the sea-air interface. In this report the wave spectrum concept is discussed briefly and a systematic approach is taken to describe various ways by which windspeeds at sea are determined. The various techniques for determining windspeeds at sea can be classified in three categories: (a) direct measurements from instrumented platforms, (b) estimates from noninstrumented platforms, and (c) estimates inferred from other data. Such a classification serves to document systematic errors associated with various methods of obtaining windspeed observations. (Modified author abstract)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 25 Mar 1974 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/14400</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>EFFECTS OF WIND-INDUCED DRIFT CURRENTS ON THE PROPAGATION OF SURFACE WAVES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/14421</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Phase velocities were measured of dominant waves generated by wind and of simple progressive waves, generated mechanically, under wind. The results indicate that the wind-induced drift current has a significant effect on the phase velocity of short gravity waves. The effect varies inversely with wavelength and directly with fetch. (Author)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 25 Mar 1974 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/14421</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>PHYSICAL AND DYNAMICAL SCALES FOR GENERATION OF WIND WAVES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/14432</link>
      <description><![CDATA[It is attempted herein to summarize results related to mechanism for generation of wind waves and to consider two scales relevant to this intricate process: (1) A physical (length) scale on which coupling takes place between long and short waves and (2) a dynamical (velocity) scale for coupling of wind and waves. Based on these scales and on a separation criterion, it is argued that the airflow separates from dominant waves in the laboratory and from ripples superimposed on dominant waves in the field. This difference may account for the discrepancy between the laboratory-determined growth rate and that measured in the field.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 25 Mar 1974 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/14432</guid>
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