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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=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" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <title>The Landscape of Integration and Automation for STPA in Aerospace: A Systematic Review</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2666086</link>
      <description><![CDATA[As aerospace systems grow in complexity, traditional safety analysis methods are proving insufficient, leading to the adoption of systemic approaches like System-Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA). However, its practical application is often diminished by its cognitively demanding nature, with a significant portion of published analyses being incomplete and lacking independent validation. While prior reviews have mapped STPA’s applications, a dedicated analysis of its integration and automation within the aerospace safety engineering lifecycle has been absent. This paper fills that gap, presenting a systematic literature review of 126 studies to assess the state of the art. This analysis reveals a clear bifurcation in the literature: model-based approaches are well positioned to integrate STPA into the entire engineering workflow, using its outputs to inform subsequent design and verification stages. In contrast, non-model-based applications tend to treat STPA as an isolated, standalone analysis, limiting its impact. Despite the strong trend towards Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE), our review identifies several critical research gaps that persist. There is a widespread absence of substantive validation for analytical outputs, limited attention given to methods for filtering and managing the “scenario overload” problem, and a preference for MBSE over the more specialized Model-Based Safety Analysis (MBSA) frameworks. These findings suggest that while the automation of STPA is advancing, its full potential will only be unlocked by addressing these challenges of integration, validation, and scalability.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 23 Mar 2026 15:15:34 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2666086</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Advanced 7/24 Taper Toolholder/Spindle Interfaces for High-Speed CNC Machine Tools</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1781397</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The paper formulates basic requirements to the tool-holder/spindle interface for different machining operations. A comparison of some alternative and commercially available designs is presented. Two advanced interface designs which are fully compatible with existing 7/24 taper spindles and toolholders while providing enhanced accuracy in axial and radial directions, higher stiffness, insensitivity to high rpm, and reliability at high rpm are described and results of their evaluation are presented.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 20 Mar 2026 14:47:19 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1781397</guid>
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      <title>Numerical Investigation of the Effects of Mach Number and Resonator Spacing on the Acoustic Damping Characteristics of Asymmetric Helmholtz Absorbers with Grazing Flow</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2598423</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The innovative concept of asymmetric Helmholtz absorbers was recently introduced for applications in aerospace engineering. However, the influence of Mach number on the acoustic behavior of asymmetric Helmholtz absorbers remains underexplored. This study employs numerical simulations based on linearized Navier–Stokes equations to comprehensively investigate the acoustic properties of three-dimensional asymmetric absorbers under grazing flow. The analysis encompasses absorption and reflection coefficients as well as transmission loss, clarifying the complex relation between these parameters and the Mach number. The findings reveal that the maximum transmission loss of asymmetric absorbers is nonlinearly related to the Mach number, and a polynomial fitting function has been proposed to describe the law of maximum transmission loss as it relates to variations in Mach number and the spacing of the resonators. Specifically, in the Mach number range from 0.04 to 0.07, the transmission loss curve shifts from a single peak to two peaks. Sound incidence direction has little influence on the variation of reflection coefficient with increasing Mach number, but it does impact the absorption coefficient. Moreover, when the Mach number reaches a threshold value of 0.07, the influence of grazing flow on the interior neck becomes prominent, and the asymmetry disappears. The results of this study are expected to be useful for optimizing the design of asymmetric Helmholtz absorbers to enhance noise reduction in variable wind conditions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 11 Mar 2026 14:44:02 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2598423</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A network-based framework for interplanetary logistics governance: organizational resilience and technological cooperation in space missions</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2663750</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The advancement of space exploration demands novel organizational and logistical approaches capable of supporting long-duration missions in interplanetary environments. This article proposes an interplanetary logistics governance framework grounded in the theory of organizational networks, with a focus on resilience, interoperability and multilateral collaboration. The methodology employs theoretical and empirical triangulation, integrating a systematic literature review, analysis of four case studies (ISS, Artemis, SpaceX/Blue Origin and OSIP-ESA), complex network modeling using topological metrics and structural robustness simulations. The resulting framework is structured around five core pillars: distributed governance, collaborative logistics, data sovereignty and security, technical and organizational interoperability and distributed artificial intelligence. Empirical application demonstrates the framework’s alignment with diverse institutional architectures and its potential to reduce costs, expand logistical capacity and enhance failure resilience. A phased implementation roadmap spanning the period 2025–2040 is presented, including recommendations for progressive adoption in terrestrial, cislunar and interplanetary contexts. Furthermore, a case study focused on the Artemis Program illustrates the practical feasibility of the proposed model. The article also outlines a research agenda comprising eight priority areas aimed at integrating the framework into international treaties and space-related public policies. The results indicate that the proposed framework provides a solid conceptual and operational foundation for transitioning from centralized models to collaborative, modular and sustainable logistical ecosystems-thereby contributing to a new era of interplanetary governance based on intelligent networks.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 25 Feb 2026 14:02:03 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2663750</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A Framework to Support Component Design in Jigless Manufacturing</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1784698</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Traditionally, the role of the tooling designer has been to identify the optimum tooling configuration for a given product design and its assembly. This frequently leads to complex dedicated tooling with extremely high build costs and long lead times. Current efforts within the aerospace industry are focussed towards a philosophy of minimising or eliminating dedicated tooling, known as “Jigless Manufacture”. To facilitate this, it is advantageous for product designers to have support from a product modelling environment, which enables components to be designed to take full advantage of jigless principles and enabling technologies. The purpose of this paper is to outline an assembly modelling and analysis framework as part of an product modelling environment to support the jigless manufacture philosophy.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 18 Feb 2026 13:22:47 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1784698</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Stiffness of Structures and Drives in Fast Milling Machines</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1784686</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A stiffness requirement for high speed milling machines is determined by examining the stiffness of current generation high speed spindles. The desire for stability against chatter dictates that the stiffness of the machine structure and drives, when reflected to the tool tip exceed the spindle/tool holder/tool stiffness. The stiffness characteristics of a classical serial machine tool designed expressly for high speed milling are shown. Another potential design for high speed machining applications, the parallel kinematic or hexapod structure is also examined. It is found that hexapod structures exhibit lower structural stiffness than can be achieved in serial machines when using the same drive components. Furthermore, the stiffness of the hexapod structure varies widely across the workspace, leading to difficulties in control and limiting the achievable accuracy. Theoretically derived stiffnesses are compared with experimentally measured stiffnesses for two hexapod machines and are found to show good agreement.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 18 Feb 2026 13:22:47 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1784686</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A Study on Autonomous Hole Machining Process Analysis by Reverse Engineering of NC Programs</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1784685</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The machining know-how or knowledge exists in the NC programs if they are generated through experienced workers. To realize autonomous CNC machining, accumulation and representation of such know-how in a reusable way is needed. In this paper, an autonomous machining process analyzer for hole machining is studied. With the method, the machining process can be analyzed and the know-how can be extracted from existing successful NC programs. Specifically, machining feature, operation sequence, and cutting parameters including used tools, feedrate and spindle/cutting speed can be extracted. Based on the proposed method, a prototype system has been developed to verify the feasibility of the know-how extraction.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 18 Feb 2026 13:22:47 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1784685</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Optimization Possibilities of Parallel Kinematic Machine Tool Structures</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1784677</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Machine tools with parallel kinematic structures (PKM) are known as 3- or 5- axis machines, which are typically used in drilling and milling work, but PKMs can also be employed in laser machining or high pressure jet cutting. This type of machining necessitates high precision requirements similar to that attained with conventional machine tools. Particular attention must be paid to the mastery of spatial measuring techniques in order to ascertain the exact tool position within the working area. Furthermore, the static, dynamic and thermal behavior of the machines are a crucial judgment criterion for the vast number of structural configuration possibilities provided by PKMs. Experimental and analytical investigations widen the realm of knowledge in PKM optimization, illustrated in this paper with examples of realized machine structures.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 18 Feb 2026 13:22:47 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1784677</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Jigless Aerospace Manufacture-The Enabling Technologies</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1784717</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The sheer size and flexibility of the larger airframe parts makes it difficult to imagine assembly without extensive use of hard tooling. Yet, the world of aerospace manufacturing is changing. It is already possible to considerably reduce the amount of external, ‘hard tooling’, especially jigs, through innovative design and the applications of advanced technologies. Jigless Aerospace Manufacture, (JAM), is not a single, mysterious, as yet undiscovered technology. Rather it is a growing number of related and linked technologies. Many of these are already well established and considered ‘robust.’ This paper sets out to review and describe some of these enabling technologies and to explain their individual roles towards achieving JAM.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 09 Feb 2026 16:18:11 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1784717</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Peening with High Pressure Waterjets</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1784709</link>
      <description><![CDATA[An experimental study of waterjet peening on 7075-T6 aluminum alloy was conducted to investigate the effects of waterjet conditions. Erosion surface features caused by high velocity jet impingement were evaluated as functions of standoff distance, jet pressure, and jet velocity. Surface characteristics were evaluated in terms of subsurface work hardening, surface finish and a degree of surface residual stresses. Results show that waterjet peening induces the same level of plastic deformation at the surface layer as shot peening.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 09 Feb 2026 16:18:11 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1784709</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Influence of Drive Principles and Strut Arrangements on the Characteristics of Parallel Kinematics</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1784723</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Parallel kinematics are on their way to the market. Different parallel and hybrid systems were proposed and realized in recent years. Due to the different structures and drive principles design possibilities are numerous. In order to be able to compare the different systems, both among each other and with conventional systems, there is a need to establish comparison criteria. In this paper different characteristics such as workspace, stiffness and isotropy are used to evaluate the most used strut arrangements and drive types. Based on the three different drive principles, several systems and their properties are introduced. Thereby different boundary conditions (joint angles, strut arrangement) are taken into account and their influence on the system characteristics is examined. Resulting workspace and stiffness were chosen as comparison criteria. On the one hand, the ratio between the workspace and the size of the machine is considered as the main disadvantage of parallel kinematics, on the other hand, the high stiffness is the main advantage of these systems.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 09 Feb 2026 08:43:03 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1784723</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>3D Image Metrology for Lean Manufacturing</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1784718</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The need to improve quality while reducing cost in aerospace manufacturing is requiring new manufacturing methods and processes. Advanced technologies, such as 3D Image Metrology, offer great potential to lean manufacturing, if properly integrated into the production process. Over the last years 3D Image Metrology has developed a level of performance, which make it ideally suited for this purpose. These capabilities include the automatic in-process inspection of tools and parts before machining, machine control for highly accurate positioning during the machining operation, and in-process inspection during machining. This offers jig-less assembly, lower inventory, faster part throughput, and many more advantages.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 09 Feb 2026 08:43:03 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1784718</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A Model of Deploying Engineering Capability of Aerospace Suppliers in Producibility Analysis</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1784726</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Aerospace companies have formed integrated product teams to improve their new product introduction process. Where significant components are outsourced, the suppliers’ expertise should be harnessed for a “win-win” solution to benefit both customer and supplier. CE practices for remote team work have been developed and used in a component engineering contract between a customer-supplier pair in the United Kingdom. Details of the producibility interaction dialogue between design team and supplier production engineers were captured. The resulting model represents the deployment of engineering capability of aerospace suppliers. It supports the setting up of CE projects with subcontract engineering work and is a reference for suppliers to develop their design/engineering capability.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 05 Feb 2026 11:52:29 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1784726</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Automation of Tool Routines &amp; Analysis for 3D Measurement Systems</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1784724</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper addresses the steps and processes to create a full life circle of Tool Routines utilizing 3D data analysis as the driver. The paper covers the development of 3D Tool Routines for automation, the execution of the routines and the analysis of the collected historical 3D data. The process goal is to reduce the tool routine frequency by establishing and proving tool stability utilizing historical data. The historical data will also give us information in regards to design and tolerance capabilities. Graphical software programs are evolving in a way that enables us to link the different operations and software programs that encompass tool routines. Through the use of software and hardware such as laser tracker, we can achieve automation of tool routines and analysis. Customers in the aerospace, automotive and construction industries are among the beneficiaries in the application of this inspection process.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 05 Feb 2026 11:52:29 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1784724</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Distributed Open Architecture Controller for Machine Tools</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1784728</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Conventional computer numerical controllers used for machine tools are not amenable to the adaptation to dynamic changes in operations and environments due to the proprietary closed architecture. This paper presents the design and development of a distributed open architecture controller for machine tools, which exhibits openness, modularity, and other desirable characteristics. With application of the object-oriented methodology, fundamental agents related to machine tool systems are identified and distributed system architecture is achieved. In addition to the overall system design, a main environment of the open architecture controller is developed to integrate existing function modules and to provide an application developing platform. Process monitoring and control schemes developed within this system, as a case study, are presented.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 03 Feb 2026 11:02:17 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1784728</guid>
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