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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>A non-parametric framework to transfer household travel survey data across jurisdictions</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2536127</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The objectives for this research were to: 1. Examine how changes in sub-model specification could improve the performance of the Strategic Adelaide Model (SAM); 2. Explore how findings from household travel survey (HTS) datasets collected in other jurisdictions across Australia could be used to increase the robustness of SAM; and 3. Develop a data averaging procedure that allows the methodology to be extrapolated to contexts that might differ significantly from where the primary data was collected.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 09 Apr 2025 13:34:39 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2536127</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Evaluation of centreline ATLM along curves in mountainous roads</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2441588</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Centreline Audio Tactile Line Marking (ATLM) was installed on a popular narrow road in the Adelaide foothills. A before-after evaluation was conducted to assess the ATLM potential for influencing lane position/crossing and speed along four trial curves. Vehicle lane position and speed at those curves, and between-site travel times were analysed. Post treatment, all vehicle types tended to safely shift towards the edge line along right-hand curves. However, variability along left-hand curves existed amongst the four sites. Generally, the treatment did not appear to reduce lane crossing frequency on curves, except at one site. Centreline ATLM did not appear to induce a speed decrease along curves. Nonetheless, a slight reduction of the average travel speed along the treated route may indicate a generalised speed calming effect. The study suggests merit for centreline ATLM along curves regarding lane positioning, but a limited effect on voluntary lane crossing and speed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 15 Oct 2024 13:33:23 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2441588</guid>
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      <title>Evaluation of Smart School Zone infrastructure in South Australia</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2441527</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study presents an analysis into the effectiveness of a smart school zone system, installed outside a high school in Adelaide, South Australia. The system detects the presence of pedestrians within the school zone and then alerts any motorists who are approaching the zone at a speed greater than 25 km/h to ‘CHECK SPEED’ with a flashing message sign. The analysis compares vehicle speeds during periods when the message sign was not active to periods when the sign was active. Speeds were compared for three daily periods of interest; a morning pedestrian activity peak (prior to school), an afternoon pedestrian activity peak (after school) and an inter-peak (during school hours). The results indicated that the activation of the message sign was associated with speeds being reduced during the morning peak by up to 1.8 km/h along with more minor reductions during the inter-peak and afternoon peak periods.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 15 Oct 2024 13:32:37 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2441527</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>The no-blame in-depth truck crash investigation study</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2431387</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Crashes involving trucks are often severe due to the large amount of kinetic energy contained in a moving truck. In 2019, there were 188 fatalities involving a heavy truck in Australia, representing 15% of fatalities nationally. The purpose of this project was to produce the first substantial dataset of in-depth no-blame truck crash investigations in Australia, and to analyse these crashes to identify the common contributing factors and the interventions that show the most potential to prevent or mitigate these crashes. This was achieved by investigating 69 truck crashes within 150 km of Adelaide between June 2021 and February 2023 and combining these with 31 pre-existing investigations from the Centre for Automotive Safety Research’s regular series of in-depth crash investigations to create a total sample of 100 truck crashes. At the time of writing the data is being finalised and reviewed. Full results will be presented at the conference.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 17 Sep 2024 14:46:55 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2431387</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Analytical approach to quantify the pull-out behaviour of hooked end steel fibres</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2389463</link>
      <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 12 Jun 2024 09:25:59 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2389463</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Traffic assignment methodologies and the concept of multi-tiered traffic modelling framework: a case study from Adelaide</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2367028</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Transportation systems are critical components of cities and regions that provide mobility for people, goods, and services. Traffic congestion is one of the significant challenges faced by transportation systems worldwide, leading to wasted time, increased fuel consumption, and air pollution. Traffic modelling has been used for decades to provide insights to help transportation planners and engineers design and optimise transportation systems for better efficiency and effective mobility. Different traffic modelling methodologies have evolved to match the modelling exercise with a given study. The Tactical Adelaide Model (TAM) has been developed by the South Australian Department for Infrastructure and Transport (DIT) in collaboration with Aimsun Pty Ltd to provide a framework for traffic assignment modelling, benefitting from the multi-tier modelling approach in one platform. This paper reviews the literature related to the commonly used traffic assignment methodologies and also discusses TAM’s architecture, enabling the users of the framework to utilise the most suitable traffic modelling method for a given study.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 15 Apr 2024 14:20:28 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2367028</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Heatwaves and bus ridership: the case study of metropolitan Adelaide</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2366986</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The built environment is the majority of human habitat globally and the urban heat island effect is becoming more pronounced due to heat-absorbing materials, exacerbated by climate change. The number of roads is increasing as more people use personal vehicles, leading to induced demand and an increased urban heat island effect. Good public transport systems reduce reliance on personal vehicles and can create a lower heat island effect, but there are challenges in public adoption. A study investigated the possibility of heatwave conditions deterring bus travel, using a multiple linear regression model. The model accounted for 15% of the data collected, and heatwaves had a weak or inconclusive result. The model also revealed 10 variables with statistical significance, which can be used for predictive models on bus patronage and future studies. This study provides insights on the potential impact of heatwaves on public transport use and offers variables for future research on bus patronage.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 15 Apr 2024 14:19:45 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2366986</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Using census data to predict commuter bus usage in Adelaide's bus catchment areas</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2366977</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The public transport system in medium-sized cities such as Adelaide, South Australia, plays two major roles. The first is to accommodate choice riders or those who choose to use public transport for their trip-making despite having access to a motor vehicle. These commuters choose public transportation over other modes due to traffic congestion or high parking costs at work, located in most small cities within Central Business Districts (CBDs). In peak work travel periods, choice riders heavily use public transportation. Other major roles of public transport include providing basic mobility for those segments of the population who are too young, old, or otherwise unable to drive due to physical, mental, or financial difficulties. The study will focus on those choice riders who use bus transportation for work travel. Public transport activity in Australia is increasing slightly, but it is not keeping pace with the growing demand for car travel. As part of transport planning, commuter data is extremely helpful since it provides information about utilising public transport options. Residential dispersion in Australia has led to complexity in commuting patterns underscored by increasing car dependency. During this study, the overarching objective is to determine whether bus commuter trips are influenced by socioeconomic and other factors, such as bus service level of accessibility and distance to the city centre, to determine whether these relationships can be used to predict their trips. This study aims to predict bus usage in Adelaide's bus catchment areas using 2021 census data with the help of multiple regression and geographically weighted regression models.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 15 Apr 2024 14:19:35 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2366977</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>Learning from the autonomous experience</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2366963</link>
      <description><![CDATA[As an emerging transport technology, autonomous vehicles present a potential to better cater for travellers’ needs. The Flinders Express (FLEX) autonomous shuttle bus trial in metropolitan Adelaide has provided an opportunity to gain insights and an understanding on issues associated with autonomous transport services. Surveys of FLEX passengers before and after a trip on the service has resulted in a powerful database to enable an assessment of changes in opinion, grounded in first-hand experience. This paper presents a selection of these findings, with the results underscoring how a real-world experience can influence opinions about a range of autonomous vehicle aspects.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 15 Apr 2024 14:19:21 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2366963</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Design of steel-concrete composite box girders installed by SPMT on the Regency Road to Pym Street Project</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2306836</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Regency Road to Pym Street (R2P) project was a $354 million upgrade of a 1.8km section of Adelaide’s North-South corridor. The main structures were a three-span 134-metre long overpass, taking three lanes of motorway traffic in each direction over Regency Road, a 58-metre span pedestrian and cyclist overpass, 19 gantries and noise walls. The Regency Road arrangement of the overpass is three continuous spans with four box girders. The central main span length is 60-metres. At the piers, the bearings were offset from the centre of the box, so as to minimise the overall span of the overpass by allowing for tighter turning circles in the intersection around narrower piers below. To minimise work over the intersection, the main span of the overpass was constructed offline including the composite deck. The main span was moved into position in two halves using Self-Propelled Modular Transporters (SPMTs). The girders of the back spans were then erected using traditional crane lifts. This provided a balance between minimising disruption and keeping the SPMTs moves as simple as possible. Design challenges that were overcome as part of the R2P project included the application of the new AS5100.6 Fatigue code, additional Finite Element Modelling (FEM) modelling of box girders to capture effects that cannot be captured by a grillage model, and the provision of measurement criteria for the SPMTs overpass move, to ensure that the girders were not overstressed during the move.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 07 Dec 2023 14:54:31 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2306836</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Darlington Upgrade Project: bridge design for manufacture and assembly</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2306787</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Darlington Upgrade Project consists of the upgrade of approximately 3.3 kilometres of the existing Main South Road forming part of the Adelaide North-South Transport Corridor. It has eight bridges including three long-span composite steel box girder overpasses providing grade separations at key intersections. This paper will focus on the technical design of the project’s three composite steel box girder bridges and the challenges involved in employing the ‘Design for Manufacture and Assembly’ principles on the bridge superstructures. The key innovations and construction initiatives implemented for the overpasses included off-line assembly of the bridge superstructures on temporary towers in a construction yard, use of precast concrete ‘biscuit’ permanent formwork panels with integral barrier shells in lieu of conventional proprietary formwork panel systems, use of Self-Propelled Modular Transporter (SPMT) technology to transport the bridges into place and the real time monitoring of the bridge behaviour during transportation and installation. At the time of the first bridge installation in 2017, it was the first SPMT bridge installation in Australia and the bridges remain by far the largest SPMT installations to date. The technique is gaining attention due to its ability to improve safety and shorten construction programs by reducing the number of road or rail occupancies required to construct the bridge superstructures. There are, however, a number of factors that influence the feasibility and success of using SPMT installations that will be addressed in the paper, including the nature of the site, bridge type and geometry and the availability of skilled resources and equipment.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 07 Dec 2023 14:53:43 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2306787</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A rail link to the Flinders Precinct</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2306737</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Flinders Link Project incorporates the design of 650 m rail extension of the Tonsley Rail Line to the Flinders Medical Centre and University precinct south of Adelaide CBD, comprising of a 430 m long viaduct, a new station and an elevated walkway. The primary purpose of the Flinders Link Project is to: 1. Connect the Flinders Precinct to the rail network; 2. Improve public transport passenger access to the Flinders Precinct; 3. Facilitate an interchange between bus and train services passengers; 4. Improve pedestrian and cycling connectivity between the Flinders Precinct, Laffers Triangle and Tonsley development; and 5. Enable and integrate with the future development of the Flinders Precinct. This paper will focus on the technical design of the viaduct for a single ballastless track rail extension incorporating a shared use path (SUP) for the pedestrian and cyclist connection between Sturt Road and Flinders Station. The key challenges and innovation associated with the viaduct design include site constraints resulting to a horizontal sweeping curvature of 237 m radius, the 50 m main span over the lowered Southern Expressway and the resulting taller piled foundation that needed to be integrated into the expressway retaining walls, and the elimination of rail expansion joints for the entire track extension reducing maintenance costs and operational risks. The paper will also present the rail-structure interaction analysis which informed the bridge form and pier configuration to achieve no rail expansion joints including the dynamic behaviour assessment considering pedestrians and passenger’s comfort.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 07 Dec 2023 14:52:57 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2306737</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A scalable and flexible single-level framework for OD matrix inference using IoT data</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2259776</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study proposes a scalable and flexible single-level framework for Origin-Destination matrix (ODM) inference using data from IoT (Internet of Things) and other sources. The framework allows the analyst to integrate information from multiple data sources, while controlling for differences in data quality across sources. We assess the effectiveness of the framework through a real-world experiment in Greater Adelaide (GA), Australia. We infer car OD flows within the region using three separate data sources: site-level traffic counts from loop detectors, vehicle trajectories recorded by roadside Bluetooth sensors, and journey-to-work data collected by the Australian Census. We compare our OD inferences with those from the current version of the Metropolitan Adelaide Strategic Transport Model (MASTEM), calibrated using data from traditional household travel surveys. We find remarkable consistency between our inferences and those from MASTEM, despite differences in input data and methodologies. For example, for the morning peak period, we predict the total number of trips made within GA to be around 556 thousands, while the corresponding prediction from MASTEM is about 484 thousands. The two predictions are within 15 per cent of each other. When we compare the spatial distribution of trips, in terms of origins and destinations, we find that our inferred OD matrix has an 86 per cent cosine similarity to the corresponding MASTEM matrix. In summary, our results show that the proposed framework can produce highly comparable ODM, trip production and trip attraction patterns to those inferred from traditional household travel survey-based transportation demand modelling methods.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 02 Oct 2023 11:29:38 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2259776</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A practical approach to cost functions in large scale models: a case study from the Tactical Adelaide Model (TAM)</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2259771</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Static traffic assignment at the macroscopic level is commonly used in the strategic transport/travel demand models. Path building, using macroscopic traffic assignment as the steppingstone to inform dynamic mesoscopic/microscopic traffic simulation is also a common and accepted practice in tactical and operational models. From the simplest assignment method of All or Nothing (AoN) to more advanced forms of equilibrium assignment methods, the route selection is based on calculating the costs associated with alternative route choices for any given pair of origin and destination. Costs associated with alternative routes are determined via different cost functions, including the Volume Delay Function (VDF), Turn Penalty Function (TPF), and Junction Delay Function (JDF). In this research, we have investigated a simplified approach in determining the generalised cost for routes where we combined the TPF and JDF and used a network-wide average delay for the signal-controlled junctions. The simplified cost function proved advantageous in terms of reducing the computation time and achieving convergence with fewer iterations. It also made it possible to benefit from the Frank and Wolfe (F&W) method as the network-wide average delay assumption for signalised and unsignalised intersections provides a solution for the no interaction between routes which is fundamental to the F&W method.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 02 Oct 2023 11:29:32 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2259771</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A multi-criteria decision analysis for selecting a bus-based transit corridor supporting transit-oriented developments (BTODs): an Australian case study</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2259757</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The outer suburban areas of most Australian cities consist of relatively low-density communities; Adelaide is no exception. The majority of the outer metropolitan suburban areas are not served by the conventional public rail networks. Although conventional bus services are available, the lack of service design and efficiency is an issue in attracting more patronage in these areas. Bus-based Transit Oriented Development (BTOD) principles provide an opportunity for these communities. The creation of major activity centres as major transport and land use hubs along future bus rapid transit corridors may attract more patronage by providing more accessible, affordable and comfortable bus services for these communities as an alternative to the rail service. This study investigates five (5) potential bus routes along the northern expanding region of metropolitan Adelaide to select a corridor for a future bus transit service. A two-step method was adopted in estimating the suitability of the bus routes. As Step 1, nine (9) criteria/variables were selected considering their relevance to a potentially successful transit corridor. An equation was developed to quantify the results of the independent criterion analysis in comparable ‘suitability scores’. As part of Step 2, a multi-criteria decision analysis (Analytical Hierarchy Process-AHP) was undertaken to address the inequality of importance/ weights of the criteria in the corridor selection process. A survey was undertaken to understand experts’ opinions on the importance/ weights of the criteria and, subsequently were used in estimating the final suitability scores of the candidate corridors. Main North Road was found to be the most suitable corridor based on both the total and the average suitability score results. Transport practitioners are expected to apply the two-step method in determining suitable bus transit corridors by investigating similar criteria using the comparable suitability scores, and finally, by considering their relative importance (weights) in the decision-making.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 02 Oct 2023 11:29:19 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2259757</guid>
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