<rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="https://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
  <channel>
    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
    <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    <atom:link href="https://trid.trb.org/Record/RSS?s=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" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
    <description></description>
    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
      <url>https://trid.trb.org/Images/PageHeader-wTitle.jpg</url>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
    </image>
    <item>
      <title>spanishoddata: A package for accessing and working with Spanish Open Mobility Big Data</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2655763</link>
      <description><![CDATA[We present spanishoddata, an R package that enables fast and efficient access to Spain’s open, high-resolution origin-destination human mobility datasets, derived from anonymised mobile-phone records and released by the Ministry of Transport and Sustainable Mobility. The package directly addresses challenges of data accessibility, reproducibility, and efficient processing identified in prior studies. spanishoddata automates retrieval from the official source, performs file and schema validation, and converts the data to efficient, analysis-ready formats (DuckDB and Parquet) that enable multi-month and multi-year analysis on consumer-grade hardware. The interface handles complexities associated with these datasets, enabling a wide range of people – from data science beginners to experienced practitioners with domain expertise – to start using the data with just a few lines of code. We demonstrate the utility of the package with example applications in urban transport planning, such as assessing cycling potential or understanding mobility patterns by activity type. By simplifying data access and promoting reproducible workflows, spanishoddata lowers the barrier to entry for researchers, policymakers, transport planners or anyone seeking to leverage mobility datasets.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 22 Apr 2026 16:15:31 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2655763</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Crash data availability and best practices across the United States</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2625329</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Though data on fatal crashes are available through the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) and are readily available to the public, many states do not make their crash data (including injuries) easily accessible for the public and the research community. The public has an interest in knowing when and where crashes occur, partly so they can demand that authorities improve safety. Researchers have an interest in being able to download data and conduct analyses to better understand mechanisms that lead to crashes and assist decision makers in designing effective policies. The objective of the study is to document the state of crash data availability throughout the country and to determine the best practices for crash data management and procedures for making data open and easily accessible. The authors reviewed 2 main dimensions of crash data, raw crash data and dashboards, by scouring the internet and reaching out to relevant stakeholders. The authors also conducted structured in-depth interviews of those responsible for crash data in selected states and various users of the data. The authors compiled a comprehensive nationwide database of open crash data characteristics for states and cities that provide such data. The database is available online in an effort to increase data transparency. The interviews with stakeholders uncovered multiple issues beyond transparency, including quality control, usability, data linkages, data analysis, collaborations between stakeholders, and other political and financial constraints. Conclusions from the analysis include (1) the importance of linking crash data with other data sets (e.g., injury surveillance data); (2) the need for partnerships and collaborations between universities, advocates, and agencies; and (3) challenges with management of quality control. The authors present the results of the quantitative and qualitative work to offer best practices and Vision Zero guidance for state policymakers and traffic crash data experts.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 18 Dec 2025 15:37:24 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2625329</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Creating a Data Resource of California Police Stops for Use in Traffic Safety Applications</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2625855</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Amidst a growing traffic safety crisis in the United States, police enforcement remains a central, yet under-studied, strategy for improving safety outcomes. A significant barrier to research on police traffic enforcement has been the lack of a detailed and comprehensive database. California’s Racial and Identity Profiling Act (RIPA) confidential dataset offers an unparalleled resource to address this gap. This report documents the process undertaken as the first external researchers to access and process the confidential RIPA data. Information is provided on the rigorous process required to access the data, including extensive documentation of information technology security. Details are provided on the methodology to process, clean, standardize, and restructure the large dataset into a stop-person analytic file for use in traffic safety research. Descriptive findings from over 17 million traffic stops (2018-2023) reveal key characteristics of enforcement patterns but also highlight data quality challenges and limitations, such as ambiguities in determining the travel mode for nearly 40% of individuals stopped. Despite substantial administrative and technical hurdles, the confidential RIPA dataset is an indispensable tool for traffic safety research. Forthcoming mandated improvements to data collection, combined with the data processing framework presented here, will enhance the dataset’s utility for traffic safety researchers.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 11 Dec 2025 09:44:50 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2625855</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Reputation Value-Based Converged Dual-Channel Digital Forensics for Blockchain-Enabled Smart Vehicles</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2598757</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Due to the mobility of intelligent vehicles, limited performance of communication devices, and distributed deployment, the integrity and authenticity of accessible information cannot be ensured during traditional digital vehicle forensics in the event of a vehicle collision. For this reason, we propose a new attribute-based access control model. Meanwhile, to reduce insurance disputes after a vehicle collision and complicate the investigation of criminal activities by law enforcement, we classify different user behaviors according to the definition of accident rights and responsibilities in real situations based on traditional insurance methods, and provide different renewal discounts for different categories of users respectively based on the incentive mechanism of reputational value creation, to encourage users' participation and reduce insurance disputes. Considering the resource constraints of real communication devices, we implemented a dual channel for converged data and deployed the corresponding smart contracts separately. We use Raspberry Pi simulations to implement resource-constrained light nodes and implement the proposed framework as multiple machines built on multiple devices in the Hyperledger Fabric blockchain platform. In addition, we conduct a series of experiments to test the incentives and the performance of the blockchain and verify the feasibility of the proposed scheme. Comprehensive evaluation and analysis results show that the framework promotes user participation while ensuring the integrity and authenticity of evidence, bridging the gap of user participation in embedded digital forensics.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 26 Nov 2025 09:25:11 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2598757</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Protecting the Copyright of Intelligent Transportation Systems Based on Zernike Moments</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2553406</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Intelligent transportation systems are at risk of data misuse. Watermarking data that needs to be opened and shared can mitigate this problem, i.e., embedding signals into generated images, which are imperceptible to humans. Regardless of the shape of the image or any potential attacks it may undergo, the watermark can be detected by algorithms when needed. However, many watermarking schemes fail to resist attacks like cropping and translation, limiting their applicability in the intelligent transportation domain. To tackle these issues, the authors propose a dual watermarking framework based on Zernike moments for intelligent transportation systems, where a robust watermark and a periodic watermark are embedded in different planes of the cover image. Specifically, the authors propose a single-circle model (SCM) where Zernike moments are locally computed based on a circle centered at the image center with a radius proportional to image size for embedding the robust watermark. Since SCM is determined by measuring its center and radius, SCM is applicable to images of various sizes and shapes. Then the authors employ a robust combination of discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and discrete cosine transform (DCT) watermarking algorithms to embed the periodic watermark. For watermark extraction, the authors propose an efficient adaptive correction mechanism (AC) to recognize attack types and automatically relocate the embedding position of the watermark. By combining the above strategies, the proposed scheme can adaptively resist various attacks (e.g., random cropping, translation), which addresses the shortcomings of most existing watermarking schemes. The authors test the watermark using over 300 images of different sizes and shapes, and the experimental results prove that the proposed scheme achieves stronger robustness against various distortions with better invisibility, outperforming the state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 26 Sep 2025 09:06:52 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2553406</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>BloomACS: Bloom Filter-Based Access Control Scheme in Blockchain-Enabled V2G Networks</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2425239</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Recent advancements in Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) lead to efficient service provisions, such as eco-friendly environment, demand response management, charging, and discharging to the end-users. However, security and privacy preservation for the aforementioned services are key challenges keeping in view of the dependency on the existing centralized security architectures which are not resilient to fault tolerance due to a single point of failure. Hence, there is a need to design new efficient security solutions for the current V2G network, so as to provide seamless services to the end-users. Motivated by these, in this work, the authors proposed a bloom filter-enabled smart contract-based scheme for access control in V2G environment. In comparison to complex signature-based cryptographic techniques, the authors propose bloom filter-based authentication for the registered nodes for efficient storage and searching of stored data on the blockchain network. The authors also designed the Proof-of-Authority (PoA) consensus mechanism, which selects authority nodes dynamically to verify various transactions on the blockchain network. To validate the proposal, the authors implemented it on the Ethereum network on benchmark datasets using various evaluation parameters such as- latency, throughput, false positive probability, and gas cost.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 27 Nov 2024 13:42:47 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2425239</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Vehicular Edge Computing Meets Cache: An Access Control Scheme With Fair Incentives for Privacy-Aware Content Delivery</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2414064</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Vehicular Edge Computing (VEC) integrates mobile edge computing with traditional vehicular networks, which shifts the majority of computation and storage workload of resource-constrained vehicles to the edge nodes. The high mobility of vehicles usually leads to frequent network changes and connection interruptions, making data sharing more challenging in such dynamic and unstable environments. To address this issue, cache-based content delivery is considered a promising solution for efficient data sharing in VEC. However, access control and fair incentive distribution in privacy-aware data sharing are rarely taken into account in prior VEC-oriented studies. In this paper, we propose RFIP-VEC, a Revocable access control scheme with Fair Incentive for Privacy-aware content delivery in VEC. Specifically, to enable anonymous authentication and conditional revocation, the authors construct a secure group signature scheme with formally proved security guarantees. Subsequently, based on their group signature scheme, the authors design a two-layer access control framework by employing proxy re-encryption. The authors also establish an evolutionary game theory model to analyze the effectiveness and fairness of the fair incentive in therr scheme. Thus, the authors’ scheme can achieve flexible access control and fair incentive distribution with the assistance of edge nodes. Security analysis and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can achieve security goals with affordable cost in terms of network performance in VEC.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 01 Nov 2024 08:51:32 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2414064</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Performance Enhancement of C-V2X Mode 4 Utilizing Multiple Candidate Single-Subframe Resources</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2306613</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Prioritization of data streams in cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) may lead to unfavorable packet delays in low-priority streams. This paper studies allocating multiple candidate single-subframe resources (CSRs) per vehicle as a solution. It proposes a methodology to determine the number of CSRs for each vehicle based on the total number of neighboring vehicles, and to assign the multiple data streams among them for simultaneous transmission. The numerical results highlight the achievable delay gains of the proposed approach, and its negligible impact on packet collisions.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 29 Mar 2024 10:02:29 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2306613</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Emulator for Railway and Road Communication Coexistence Scenarios in FRMCS Validation</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2315062</link>
      <description><![CDATA[5G is getting roll-out and is considered a significant technology for autonomous vehicles to communicate and navigate. Future Railway Mobile Communication System (FRMCS) is looking into wireless technologies such as 5G, LTE, and WiFi to leverage them for railways (5GRAIL) (5GRai). In this paper, a sandbox for emulating coexistence scenarios for railway and road communication infrastructure is presented. A concrete case is presented for demonstrative purposes and for validation of the proposal, detailing the different considered elements: a topological setup, SDN-based traffic slicing and hand-over functionality, and traffic generation.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 19 Mar 2024 15:18:16 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2315062</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>RLID-V: Reinforcement Learning-Based Information Dissemination Policy Generation in VANETs</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2306524</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Ciphertext policy attribute-based encryption (CP-ABE) is popularly used to implement secure and accurate access control of disseminated information in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). Nevertheless, how to improve the policy generation of CP-ABE for accurate information dissemination in the dynamic VANETs remains a challenge, as there are several access control policies rising from moving vehicles and road side units (RSUs) with different sensing boarder regarding to a specific event, such as moving vehicles and road side units (RSUs). To solve this problem, this paper proposes a reinforcement learning-based information dissemination policy generation scheme in VANETs, named RLID-V. The scheme firstly combines multiple attribute-based access control policies and resolves policy conflicts between vehicles and RSUs. Then, a manual feedback policy construction method is designed by applying decision tree to the collected feedback from all receivers. Finally, the authors employ reinforcement learning to dynamically update the confidence weights of different policy sources. The experiments are conducted in two classic VANETs scenarios, traffic guidance and accident warning, demonstrating that RLID-V achieves better performance in the accuracy and effectiveness of information dissemination compared with three existing schemes. Otherwise, RLID-V outperforms the compared schemes in robustness with 20% error feedback and takes a negligible cost of less than 1% of the overall delay overhead for policy generation.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 30 Jan 2024 09:25:39 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2306524</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Blockchain Empowered Secure Video Sharing With Access Control for Vehicular Edge Computing</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2237819</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The dramatically growing trend of vehicles equipped with driving camera recorders has allowed realizing real-time crowdsourced video sharing in vehicular edge computing (VEC). Such cameras can assist in monitoring objects directly in front of and behind the vehicles, enabling them to provide important visual information through real-time video streaming in case of possible accidents. Exploiting the on-board units (OBUs) for VEC can allow drivers and passengers to share and access on-road video surveillance services. However, data security and privacy concerns of video generators (owners) are two key challenges that can severely limit video sharing in a VEC environment. In this article, the authors propose a blockchain empowered publish/subscribe (P/S) scheme to enable one-to-many secure video sharing in the VEC scenario. Then, theydesign an attribute-based encryption algorithm with static and dynamic attributes (ABE-SD) to achieve fine-grained access control in a mobile environment. Finally, they utilize permissioned blockchain and smart contracts to record access policy and publish and subscribe events, thus resulting in user self-certification and event traceability. The numerical results indicate that their proposed scheme ABE-SD outperforms traditional centralized CP-ABE methods in terms of encryption and decryption performance. The simulation experiments demonstrated that the proposed video-sharing scheme is secure and efficient.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Oct 2023 08:58:13 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2237819</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Adaptive Random Access and Data Transmission Scheme With Mixed Traffic in NGSO Satellite Networks</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2173719</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In non-geostationary orbit satellite networks, the resource is limited and the traffic under each satellite is in variation due to the motion of satellites and the non-uniform traffic on the ground. Generally, the uplink communication is guaranteed by successful random access (RA) and sufficient data transmission (DT) resources for various traffic types. Different traffic types usually have different requirements for resources, and joint resource management for mixed traffic tries to meet the needs of various traffic types at the same time and may improve uplink resource efficiency. However, existing strategies have not given integrative consideration to jointly allocate resources for RA and DT under dynamic mixed traffic demands, which leads to inefficient network resource utilization. Considering such a problem, we propose an adaptive random access and data transmission scheme for NGSO satellite networks in the mixed traffic scenario, considering two types of users, i.e., real-time users and best-effort users. Specifically, the utility functions of different types of users are introduced, and a utility-based access control and resource allocation algorithm is developed by solving the network utility maximization problem. Our scheme aims to achieve optimal uplink network utilization by adaptively controlling random access and allocating resources according to the dynamic demands of mixed traffic. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme outperforms other methods in terms of network utility, and exhibits near-optimal performance.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 23 May 2023 10:09:11 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2173719</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Mechanism to Identify Legitimate Vehicle User in Remote Keyless Entry System</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1937615</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The advancements of the automotive system in all the aspects from safety to user experience brings never ending list of electronics components into the system. One of the pure critical components in providing the vehicle safety is the digital key or wireless vehicle entry systems. This component is responsible for protecting all the other components of the vehicle and the vehicle itself from thieves and illegal usage of the vehicle. The compromisations of this critical component is equivalent to a compromisations of the entire vehicle along with some legal implications on the vehicle owner. There are numerous additional systems in automotive electronics which enhances the security of the critical, digital key/wireless vehicle entry system in protecting the vehicles from attackers. However, there is no component available in the market which does user/owner authentication considering its impact and criticality on both the vehicle and its owner. Either the lost key or the stolen key in the hands of the illegitimate person who may be an attacker or a thief result in the vehicle theft or the usage of the stolen vehicle for the illegal purposes. These situations cause legal circumstances on the legitimate owner of the vehicle. Hence, in this regard there is a need of user/owner authentication in the existing digital key/wireless vehicle entry systems. The proposed system tries to address this concern by combining the user/owner biometrics with the command passing from the user in-hand device. The proposed system transmits the cryptographically secure combined bio-crypto data from the user in-hand device to the vehicle, where the cryptographic verification if followed by a user verification before proceeding on executing the user requested commands on the vehicle. Upon successful user verification, the respective command actions will be undertaken. Otherwise, the command is considered to be from an illegitimate user using the in-hand device and is discarded. This system also proposes an infrastructure support and mechanism for the user biometric enrollments through Tier-1s and Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs).]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 06 Apr 2022 14:18:14 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1937615</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A Policy Enforcement Framework for Secure Data Dissemination in Vehicular Ad Hoc Network</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1899873</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), enforcing expressive and suitable access policy is of great importance to achieve desirable and accurate data dissemination services. Recently, secure data dissemination schemes based on attribute-based encryption in VANETs have received considerable attention for their ability of fine-grained access control. Therefore, how to enforce accurate access policy in dynamic VANETs becomes significant yet very challenging. In order to achieve timely, flexible, and accurate data dissemination, the authors propose a policy enforcement framework for secure data dissemination, which enables data-sender vehicles with high mobility and RSUs with broad perception ability to co-design access control policy. Also, the authors design a policy combination method, which enforces an expressive access control policy based on the disjunctive norm form (DNF) formed by different attributes. Then the authors propose a policy conflict resolution based on confidence weights to deal with conflict policies. Finally, the experimental results demonstrate that our proposed scheme is applicable and efficient for secure data dissemination in VANETs.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 28 Dec 2021 09:34:12 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1899873</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>RF Circuit Performance Optimization in Microcontroller Based Circuits in Road Vehicles</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1822617</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Any circuit system employing RF signals emit EM waves which might interfere with adjoining active circuits. A printed circuit board contains metallic strips known as PCB traces carrying signals for circuit functioning. PCB traces can turn into antennae (transmitting or receiving) depending upon the PCB design and the type of signal which they carry. RF systems used in automotive domain ranges from 300MHz to several GHz depending upon the application requirements. Due to space constrains, most the time it is required to design a mixed signal (analog and RF) circuits on single PCB, this constraint leads to crosstalk and other interferences. This paper explains the common pitfalls encountered in designing analog circuit along with RF circuit on the same PCB also this paper gives insight of RF circuits used in automotive remote keyless entry systems coupled with body control module ECU. Finally this paper sums up with methods implemented to minimize the interference between Analog and RF circuits.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 09 Dec 2021 10:34:02 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1822617</guid>
    </item>
  </channel>
</rss>