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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
    <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>Evaluation of chemically activated rubberized asphalt from aspects of performance and economic benefits for sustainable pavement construction</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2683051</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Devulcanized rubberized asphalt (DRA) and terminal blend rubberized asphalt (TBRA) technologies are often used to produce crumb rubber modified asphalt (CRMA) with improved storage stability and workability. However, DRA technology typically involves complex procedures and high costs, while TBRA requires elevated production temperatures. To address these limitations, this study proposes a novel chemically activated rubberized asphalt (CARA) technology, which not only addresses the deficiencies of DRA and TBRA but also achieves improved compatibility and reduced viscosity. In view of the high-temperature performance limitations of CARA and the prior inclusion of chemical additives in its formulation process, this paper further investigated the effect of CARA technology on composite modification. Rheological tests and a fluorescence microscope were employed to analyze the properties and benefits of CARA, as well as its influence on composite modification. The results demonstrate that CARA technology can enhance the compatibility of rubber/asphalt blends more effectively at temperatures 40–60 ℃ lower than that required by TBRA, thereby significantly reducing viscosity. During the composite modification, lower dosages of polymer modifiers were found to be more beneficial for improving both high- and low-temperature performance of CARA, indicating that CARA may alter the traditional effect rule of polymer modifiers on the high- and low-temperature properties of CRMA. In addition, CARA offers notable economic advantages by significantly reducing production costs compared to both TBRA and DRA, thereby presenting a cost-effective and technically viable alternative for sustainable pavement applications.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 23 Jun 2026 13:52:11 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2683051</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Assessment of Geopolymer Synthesis Parameters for Strength of Stabilized Fat Clay Using Statistical and Machine Learning Techniques</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2704073</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Calcium-based chemical stabilizers are traditionally used for the stabilization of weak subgrade soils. However, these traditional stabilizers incur significant environmental costs which make them less desirable. As a result, alternative materials based on recycled waste and industrial byproducts are becoming popular. Geopolymers (GP) are a new addition to this list that are gaining traction because of their environmental benefits. GPs improve the soil by precipitation of a polymer gel as a result of mixing an alkaline activator (activator) with an aluminosilicate source (precursor). The effectiveness of GP and the improvement in engineering performance of GP-stabilized soils is contingent on sound GP synthesis parameters. This study investigates the effectiveness of GP-based treatments in improving weak soil and evaluates the significance of various parameters in contributing to the efficacy of GP treatment. As a result, a group of eight GP mixes was designed with a range of values for controlling parameters namely water/solid, activator/precursor, Si/Al and cation/Al ratios. A fat clay was treated by the application of these GP mixes at a dosage of 10% by dry weight. Improvements in mechanical strength were evaluated through unconfined compression strength testing. This was followed by statistical inference on laboratory strength data using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc tests. Ultimately, parameter importance was quantified by the random forest (RF) regression model. The results indicated that GP-based treatments enhanced the strength of untreated soil. Additionally, GP with higher aluminosilicate content and sufficient activator performed better. Overall, this study provides insight into the relative contribution of various GP synthesis parameters to the performance of GP-stabilized subgrade soils.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 May 2026 09:09:19 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2704073</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The interaction mechanism of activated crumb rubber modified asphalt during the preparation process</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2643557</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Rubber activation is an effective method for achieving high crumb rubber (CR) content applications, which has the advantages of energy saving, environmental protection, and reduce carbon footprint. However, the interaction mechanism between high-content activated crumb rubber (ACR) and asphalt is unclear, which limits the improvement of ACR-modified asphalt (ACRMA) performance. This study conducted phase separation tests on 30% ACRMA during the mixing, shearing, and curing stages and the the performance of the rubber and asphalt phases were evaluated. The results showed that after electromagnetic thermal activation, ACR achieved desulfurisation. As the reaction proceeds, the fluffiness of the rubber phase of ACR increases, and the surface chemical structure and micro-structure became more stable. CR underwent desulfurisation during the preparation stage, and the reaction process with asphalt was uncontrollable. Meanwhile, the dispersion uniformity of ACR in the asphalt phase was enhanced, and the effective contact area between ACR and asphalt was increased. The improvement contributed to the swelling of ACR in asphalt and targeted improvement of ACRMA performance. However, the overall distribution of CR in the asphalt phase was not uniform, with many unswollen CR. The clarification of the reaction mechanism of high-content ACRMA provided a theoretical basis for its application.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 17 Jan 2026 16:40:41 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2643557</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Novel catalytic activation of periodate by reclaimed asphalt pavement for the efficient degradation of paracetamol from real pharmaceutical wastewater</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2615546</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study presents the first application of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) as a sustainable periodate (PI) activator. The proposed approach offers dual benefits: converting a widely available construction waste into an effective catalyst and enabling efficient degradation of persistent organic micropollutants. This innovation bridges waste valorization with advanced water treatment technologies, introducing a novel catalyst that has not been previously reported in any advanced oxidation system. The RAP material shows an abundance of oxygen-containing functional groups and high calcium content, explaining its efficiency in activating periodate. Under the optimal conditions (pollutant concentration: 15 mg/L, PI concentration: 1.5 mM, RAP dosage: 0.3 g/L, pH 7, and temperature: 25 °C), the degradation efficiencies for paracetamol, methylene blue, bromothymol blue, atrazine, and tetracycline were 99.25, 98.74, 95.15, 85.51, and 92.02 %, respectively. The RAP catalyst demonstrates high stability under three successive cycles, and iodate radicals were the main reactive species. Further, paracetamol can be degraded to non-aromatic compounds through ring cleavage by the generated reactive species, and the produced intermediates exhibit lower toxicity compared to paracetamol. The RAP/PI system achieved 88 % paracetamol removal and 68 % total organic carbon mineralization in real pharmaceutical wastewater. The feasibility study revealed a positive net present value, a profitability index of 1.3, and a payback period of 5.7 years. Additionally, the proposed system aligns with and contributes to the achievement of six Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): SDGs 3, 6, 8, 12, 14, and 15. This study proposes a sustainable, practical, and cost-effective treatment strategy for the degradation of industrial effluents.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 30 Oct 2025 13:27:19 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2615546</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Utilisation of activation energy determined from viscosity to assess the rutting performance of asphalt binders containing various warm mix additives</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2576847</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) technology enhances sustainability by lowering construction temperatures during pavement construction. In the field, asphalt binders undergo routine quality control checks which includes basic tests (penetration, softening point, viscosity, etc.) to ensure the quality as per requisite standards. Viscosity of asphalt binders is measured at 135°C and 150°C using Brookfield Viscometer to ensure the workability during mixing and compaction. This study investigates whether activation energy (Eₐ), derived from these viscosity, can predict rutting performance, particularly in WMA modified binders that may exhibit reduced stiffness and aging resistance. While traditional rutting resistance parameters include non-recoverable creep compliance (Jₙᵣ) and the rutting parameter (G*/sin δ) from DSR testing, Eₐ remains underexplored. This study evaluates Eₐ in polymer-modified and crumb rubber-modified binders with Sasobit®, Advera®, and Rediset® WMA additives, assessing Jₙᵣ and G*/sin δ at multiple temperatures for correlation with Ea. Results showed Sasobit®-modified binders exhibited the highest Eₐ, lowest Jₙᵣ, and improved G*/sin δ, indicating superior rutting resistance, while Rediset®-modified binders had the lowest Ea, higher Jₙᵣ, and reduced G*/sin δ, suggesting greater deformation susceptibility. Advera®-modified binders displayed a strong Eₐ-Jₙᵣ and Eₐ-G*/sin δ correlation but showed slight variability in rutting resistance trends (at lower dosages). Statistical analysis confirmed a significant linear relationship for Eₐ-Jₙᵣ and nonlinear relationship for Eₐ-G*/sin δ across all temperatures for both binders. The rankings of Sasobit® and Rediset®-modified binders aligned with Eₐ trends, while Advera®-modified binders showed slight variations. These findings suggest Eₐ could serve as a useful predictor of rutting performance in WMA-modified binders during the material selection stage.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 08 Sep 2025 14:54:04 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2576847</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Coupled Analysis of First Principle Calculation and Chemical-Kinetics Simulation to Predict the Activity of Three Way Catalyst</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2547877</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study proposes a technique to predict the catalytic activity of the CO-NO-O₂ reaction using the first principle calculations without experiment. The proposed method consists of four steps. (1) Assuming the detailed chemical reactions based on the Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism. (2) Estimating the activation energy (Ea) for each detailed chemical reaction using first principle (e.g. Density Functional Theory: DFT) calculations. (3) Defining frequency factors (A) theoretically. (4) Inputting the estimated Ea and A values into simulation software for chemical-kinetics (e.g. exothermia suite) and running the simulation. The validity of the proposed method was evaluated by experiments. This study predicted the catalytic activities of Pt, Pd or Rh(111) surfaces. The predicted results qualitatively matched the experimental outcomes obtained from the Pt, Pd or Rh thin-film catalyst prepared by the “arc plasma method”.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 10 Jun 2025 16:02:24 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2547877</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Enhancing compatibility of waste tire rubber powder in asphalt: A comparative study of acid surface activation and molecular dynamics insights</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2541082</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Waste tire management remains an environmental challenge due to low recycling rates and the inert nature of rubber powder (RP) in asphalt applications. This study systematically investigates the surface activation of RP using five acids—gallic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, and tannic acid—and evaluates their effects on asphalt modification. Among these, gallic acid-activated rubber powder (GA-RP) exhibited the most significant enhancements in rheological properties and anti-aging performance. Compared to unmodified asphalt, GA-RP-modified asphalt demonstrated a 126.76% increase in complex modulus, a 173.12% increase in storage modulus, and a 107.18% increase in loss modulus at 46°C, reflecting improved elasticity and high-temperature stability. The MSCR test revealed an 82.98% reduction in strain under 0.1 kPa stress, indicating superior resistance to permanent deformation, while the LAS test demonstrated a 7.52-fold increase in fatigue life at 2.5% strain, confirming enhanced durability. Molecular dynamics simulations provided further insights into the improved compatibility of GA-RP with the asphalt matrix. The solubility parameter difference between GA-RP and asphalt was reduced to 1.69, the smallest among all modified asphalts, suggesting superior molecular affinity. Mean square displacement analysis showed that the diffusion coefficient difference between GA-RP and asphalt was only 0.00038Å²/s, significantly lower than that of unmodified RP (0.00086Å²/s), confirming enhanced stability and reduced phase separation. Additionally, GA-RP-modified asphalt exhibited the lowest softening point difference (2.1°C) in storage stability tests, further validating the effectiveness of gallic acid modification. These findings establish an optimized strategy for sustainable waste tire utilization, offering an effective and environmentally friendly solution for high-performance asphalt modification.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 21 May 2025 09:52:10 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2541082</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Investigation on the survival and activating behavior of rejuvenator-loaded fibers in asphalt pavement</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2538686</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Embedding encapsulated rejuvenator is a promising approach to enhance the self-healing performance of asphalt pavement. The effectiveness of this approach critically relies on the survival and activating behavior of encapsulated rejuvenator during the construction and service period. In this paper, the survival and activating behavior of rejuvenator-loaded fibers (RL-fibers) were simulated and analyzed through a series of laboratory tests. The mixing test and X-ray computed tomography (CT) scanning test were employed to investigate the survival behavior of RL-fibers by analyzing the morphological changes of RL-fibers before and after the construction process. Furthermore, stress-activating and microwave-activating experiments were designed to investigate the responses of RL-fibers to crack and microwave irradiation. Test results showed that despite experiencing significant deformation and fragmentation during construction, the RL-fibers maintained a 91 % survival rate, suggesting minimal rejuvenator leakage and negligible adverse effects on the performance of asphalt pavement. The RL-fibers were uniformly distributed radially within the compacted asphalt mixture specimens, while longitudinal aggregation was observed near the mid-depth region. The RL-fibers had sufficient interfacial adhesion strength with the asphalt matrix, enabling synchronous fracture under mechanical loading. After the fracture of RL-fibers, the encapsulated rejuvenator was quickly released and started to spread along the cracks. Microwave irradiation was shown to effectively trigger rejuvenator release, with the activating rate of RL-fibers increasing progressively with microwave exposure duration: 9.7 % (40 s), 17.5 % (60 s), 35.3 % (80 s) and 49.2 % (100 s). In conclusion, these findings provide valuable insights into the survival and activating behavior of RL-fibers in asphalt pavement, contributing to the ongoing research efforts in optimizing pavement durability while reducing life-cycle maintenance costs.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 12 May 2025 09:46:22 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2538686</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Properties enhancement of asphalt mortar incorporating phosphogypsum based on surface activation</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2491556</link>
      <description><![CDATA[To broaden the utilization of Phosphogypsum (PG), this paper involves the deployment of a silane coupling agent (SCA) to enhance the surface reactivity of PG, thereby evaluating its potential to serve as a viable alternative to traditional limestone filler within asphalt mortar compositions. Through dynamic shear rheological test, it observed a significant increase in the complex modulus of asphalt mortar containing activated PG, ranging from 25.2 % to 41.7 %, coupled with a decrease in irrecoverable compliance by 46.8–51.4 % compared to traditional asphalt mortar. Thermal analysis via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) indicated that activated PG asphalt mortar possesses the highest thermal decomposition temperature and the lowest total heat absorption, suggesting enhanced compatibility with asphalt. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) confirmed that SCA treatment induces dehydration condensation reactions with the hydroxyl groups on the PG surface, forming new Si-O-Si chemical bonds and altering the surface acidity. Molecular simulations revealed that activated PG forms the thickest interfacial transition zone with asphalt, measuring 9.82 Å, which is a 546 % increase over untreated PG. These results underscore the potential of activated PG as an environmentally friendly alternative to conventional limestone filler in asphalt mixtures, offering a promising solution for waste utilization and improved asphalt pavement performance.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 29 Jan 2025 17:00:15 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2491556</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Engineering of alkali-activated permeable pavement composites with agro-industrial wastes</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2487717</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study investigates the development of alkali-activated pervious concrete (PC) composites using industrial and agro-waste as primary constituents. The binder was activated with sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide at an activator modulus (Ms) of 1.25, maintaining a sodium oxide dosage of 4.0% relative to the total binder at a water-to-binder ratio of 0.40. Slag and bagasse ash were used as binders, recycled coarse aggregates (from construction and demolition waste) partially replaced crushed granite and waste-foundry sand served as fine aggregates. Mix proportions were optimised for hydraulic conductivity and compressive strength after 28 days of air curing. Four selected mixes were further evaluated for total porosity, splitting-tensile strength, static flexural strength and flexural fatigue performance. Optimal mechanical properties were observed for the corresponding PC mixes at 10% bagasse ash and 50% recycled aggregates. Statistical analyses of flexural fatigue, including S-N curves and two-parameter Weibull distribution, were conducted, along with Kolmogorov-Smirnov analysis and survival probabilities (95%, 50% and 5%). The findings contribute to understanding the engineering behaviour of alkali-activated PCs, supporting the development of permeable concrete pavement systems through effective utilisation of agro-industrial wastes, thereby promoting sustainability and environmental conservation.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 25 Jan 2025 16:14:51 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2487717</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Performance evaluation and mechanism investigation of aged SBS/chemically activated rubberized asphalt</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2479594</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Crumb rubber modified asphalt (CRMA) has been confirmed to provide better anti-aging performance than conventional asphalt binders. However, the aging mechanism of CRMA is not well understood due to the heterogeneous components. In addition, the production methods of CRMA are evolving, which brings uncertainties to the aging performance of CRMA. To understand the aging mechanism and evaluate the aging performance of CRMA, wet process asphalt rubber (AR), chemically activated rubberized asphalt (CARA) and CARA containing styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) modifier (CARA-SBS) were subjected to coupled aging treatments involving light, heat, and moisture. Additionally, base asphalt and SBS modified asphalt served as control binders. Extended coupled aging tests were also performed on CARA-SBS to analyze performance changes over aging time. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and micro-FTIR techniques were employed to explore the chemical changes in both macro and different micro-areas of CARA-SBS from a heterogeneous perspective and to assess their effects on performance. The results showed that the network structure formed by the crosslinking of sulfur, SBS, and rubber significantly enhanced the anti-aging properties of CARA-SBS. The performance deterioration of CARA-SBS was significantly lower than that of other asphalt binders. During prolonged aging, the most pronounced performance changes occurred in the early aging stage (0–4d), while the performance deterioration rate became slower in the later stages. Furthermore, different micro-areas of CARA-SBS experienced distinct chemical changes during coupled aging. The asphalt micro-area exhibited an increase in carbonyl and sulfoxide groups, indicating asphalt oxidation. The rubber micro-area showed growth in trans-olefins and conjugated olefins, suggesting rubber degradation. In the mutual micro-area, the growth of the 1100 cm⁻¹ peak with the extension of aging time indicated the release of fillers from the rubber into the asphalt.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 22 Jan 2025 09:32:40 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2479594</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Evaluating the Performance of Expansive Soil by Using Rice Husk Ash and Liquid Alkaline Activator</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2419893</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This paper presents the strength, swelling, and microstructure characteristics of the expansive soil (ES) amended with rice husk ash (RHA) and liquid alkaline activator (LAA) for pavement subgrade performance. Sodium metasilicate (Na₂SiO₃.9H₂O) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) were used to prepare a liquid alkaline activator (LAA). The LAA facilitates the chemical reaction among ES, RHA, and LAA to form cementitious compounds in the treated soil. The effectiveness of the RHA with LAA was determined by performing an unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test, California bearing ratio (CBR) test, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) test on the natural and amended ES with the different curing periods of 7, 14, and 28 days. The UCS and CBR of the amended ES specimens were found to be increasing with increase in the RHA content with optimum liquid alkaline activator content (OLAAC) up to a specific limit. After that, it was found to be decreasing with an increase in RHA with OLAAC. The strength increases due to the formation of cementitious compounds. The swelling characteristics of the treated ES with RHA and OLAAC are determined in terms of swelling pressure and percentage swell. It increases with the soaking time, and it decreases with an increase in the RHA content with OLAAC. The thickness of the pavement layers decreases as increase in the RHA with OLAAC at 28 days of the curing period. The construction cost is also reduced as the strength of the pavement subgrade increases. The relationship between compaction characteristics, i.e., maximum bulk density (MBD) and OLAAC, or strength characteristics, i.e., UCS and CBR, has been developed.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 03 Oct 2024 09:37:59 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2419893</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Development of Technology for Predicting the Activity of Exhaust Gas Purification Catalysts by the First Principle Calculations</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2413885</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This study proposes a technique to predict the catalytic activity of the CO-NO-O₂ reaction using the first principle calculations without any experiments. The proposed method consists of four parts. (1) Assuming the detailed chemical reactions based on the Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism. (2) Estimating the activation energy (Ea) for each detailed chemical reaction by the first principle (e.g. DFT: Density Functional Theory) calculations. (3) Defining frequency factors (A) theoretically. (4) Inputting the estimated Ea and A values into simulation software for chemical kinetics (e.g. exothermia suite) and running the simulation. The validity of the proposed method was evaluated. This study predicted the catalytic activity of Rh (111) surface. The predicted results reproduced well the experimental results of the Rh thin-film catalyst, which was prepared by the "arc plasma method".]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 23 Sep 2024 09:07:32 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2413885</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Rheological behavior and microscopic characteristic of electromagnetic thermal activated crumb rubber and SBS modified asphalt</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2418489</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Rubber activation provides a feasible approach for the preparation of high-content rubber modified asphalt without increasing the complexity of the production process. The electromagnetic thermal activation method was used for crumb rubber. The high dosage (30 % mass ratio of neat asphalt) activated crumb rubber and SBS (1.2 % mass ratio of neat asphalt) modified asphalt (ARMA) was prepared. The neat asphalt (NA) and 20 % non-activated crumb rubber modified asphalt (RMA) constituted the control group. Storage stability, rheological behavior, and microscopic properties tests were conducted to evaluate the performance differences of them. The rheological behavior of RMA and ARMA was superior to NA. The electromagnetic thermal activation method fragmented rubber particles into numerous disordered small particles, thereby expanded the contact area with asphalt. This resulted in the storage stability of ARMA significantly better than that of RMA. The cross-linked wrinkles were generated by the combined effect of SBS modifier and activated crumb rubber, which enhanced the rheological, anti-fatigue, and elastic behavior. Both RMA and ARMA exhibited high-temperature PG grades of 82˚C. At 70°C, ARMA retained the capability to endure Extremely Heavy Traffic Grade conditions. At a strain level of 2.5 %, ARMA exhibited a 178 % increase in fatigue life compared to RMA. The crumb rubber was dispersed within the RMA and ARMA. Both ARMA and RMA did not exhibit the obviously bee-structure. However, ARMA exhibited a stronger polymer network. Moreover, both the carbonyl index and sulfoxide index of ARMA were lower than those of RMA and NA. The activation process improved the compatibility between rubber and asphalt, and realized the high value utilization of waste rubber.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 10 Sep 2024 09:15:58 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2418489</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Modification and Application of the Arrhenius Equation Based on Activated Energy Methods from Various Asphalt Binders</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/2359149</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Arrhenius equation is generally adopted for the application of accelerated aging in laboratory tests, and activation energy is one of the important parameters in the equation. In most cases, activation energy was determined by obtaining a series of viscosity data at different temperature, which was a complex process. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the correlation between activation energy for viscous flow (Eη) and molecular characteristics as well as rheological properties and obtain easily measurable properties that can be used to predict Eη. In this study, nine base asphalt binders were subjected to accelerated aging, and their viscosity, rheological properties, and molecular weight distribution were tested. Small molecule size (SMS) content was the most strongly correlated parameter with Eη for unaged asphalt binder compared with medium molecule size (MMS) content and large molecule size (LMS) content from the result of gray relation analysis. The correlation further weakened after considering aging, which indicated that the change in molecular distribution of asphalt binder may not be the decisive parameter in determining the change in Eη of asphalt binder. Single regression analysis showed a significant correlation between rheological performance parameters and Eη. It was feasible to predict Eη based on the failure temperature and obtain the modified Arrhenius equation. The modified equation could be used to calculate the accelerated aging factor and obtain the aging asphalt and accurate aging status of asphalt binders. By verification, the average error in predicting the Eη of the asphalt binder using the modified equation was less than 5%.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 17 Apr 2024 11:29:43 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/2359149</guid>
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