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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
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      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <title>Effect of activated carbon and furan resin on asphalt mixture performance</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1404018</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Modified asphalt mixtures were prepared by incorporating activated carbon (C<sub>A) obtained by vacuum pyrolysis of hazelnut shells and furan resin (FR) in asphalt. C<sub>A and FR modified mixtures were evaluated in terms of two main distress modes of flexible pavements, namely, rutting and moisture damage. Asphalt mixtures in this study were prepared by using 10%, 15% and 20% C<sub>A and 4%, 5% and 6% FR mixing ratios based on the binder weight to analyse the possibility of using C<sub>A and FR. The results reveal that using C<sub>A and FR significantly increased the Marshall stability by 9% and FR modification increased the Marshall quotient by 25%. As for the indirect tensile stiffness modulus values, it was determined that specimens containing both 10% C<sub>A and 5% FR have the highest stiffness modulus, which is 16% higher than those of the original mixture. A remarkable increase was found at indirect tensile strength (ITS) test. While 20% C<sub>A modification increases the unconditioned ITS value 19%, 6% FR modification increases this value at a 12% level. ITS ratio reached 87% with a 5% FR modification, but the ITS ratio of control mixture decreased from 83% to 70%, 72% and 75%, respectively, with 10%, 15% and 20% C<sub>A modification. So it is clear that C<sub>A reduces the durability of the mixture. Using C<sub>A and FR as modifiers exhibited high performance by improving the rutting resistance, and stiffness modulus. In consideration of moisture damage, while C<sub>A deteriorates, FR modification improves the durability of the mixture.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 20 May 2016 15:54:43 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1404018</guid>
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      <title>A STUDY OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE XM-41 FILTER FOR USE WITH HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/69730</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The XM-41, a carbon adsorbent-containing filter, is to be used as part of a butyl rubber suit to protect personnel in a cleanup operations of hazardous chemical spills. The filter was developed at the Aberdeen Proving Grounds, MD for protection against toxic chemical agents, but its effectiveness against commercial chemicals was not known. In this study, criteria were developed by theoretical and experimental means to evaluate its effectiveness against 900 chemicals when the vapor concentration was 2 volume percent or saturated vapor, whichever was lowest. Stipulated service time was 120 minutes. The determining factor was the vapor pressure. Those organic chemicals with vapor pressures less than 0.25 mm Hg gave service times longer than 120 min and those with vapor pressures more than 1.1 mm Hg gave service times less than 120.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 31 May 2002 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/69730</guid>
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      <title>DEVELOPMENT OF A MOBILE TREATMENT SYSTEM FOR HANDLING SPILLED HAZARDOUS MATERIALS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/63410</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report documents the results of a laboratory test program undertaken to define the treatment processes for the development of a modular transportable treatment unit for an on-site handling of spilled hazardous materials in aqueous solutions. The hazardous materials evaluated during this study were selected based on the priority ranking system developed by EPA. Nine materials evaluated for treatment by chemical reaction, clarification and activated carbon adsorption were: acetone cyanohydrin, acrylonitrile, ammonia, chlorinated hydrocarbons, chlorine, methanol, phenol, tetraethyllead (TEL) and tetramethyllead (TML). Several additional materials listed in the report were evaluated for treatment feasibility by reverse osmosis. The results of the laboratory tests indicated that the unit treatment processes of chemical reaction, flocculation, sedimentation, granular media filtration and activated carbon adsorption would form the most suitable and versatile system for an on-site removal and treatment of hazardous materials. This treatment vehicle is now ready and available for response to an actual or test spill.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 16 Jan 2002 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/63410</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>BIOLOGICAL REMOVAL OF GASEOUS VOCS FROM AUTOMOTIVE PAINTING OPERATIONS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/658643</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Among the pollutants that automotive plants produce, volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions caused by paint solvents from painting operations are the largest in quantity.  The current control process, based on vapor-phase adsorption followed by thermal oxidation, is costly to install and operate.  At Ford Motor Company, a cost-effective method of removing VOCs has been investigated that involves converting an existing spraybooth scrubber system to a biological reactor.  This paper reports the results of a pilot-scale investigation in which two activated-sludge bioreactors, one with and the other without powdered activated carbon (PAC), were operated in parallel for 16 months.  The primary findings include the following:  the biological VOC removal process was technically feasible, and a scrubber system at a typical assembly plant is sufficiently large to handle the solvent loading used under normal vehicle-production conditions; compared with the adsorption/thermal oxidation process, the biological process was found to be comparable in VOC removal efficiency, an order of magnitude more cost-effective in capital cost, and a factor of two more cost-effective in operating and maintenance cost; and the bioreactors effectively captured and degraded hydrophilic paint solvents (methyl ethyl ketone, n-butanol, and butyl cellosolve) that were fed via the vapor phase.  Toluene, a hydrophobic solvent, was also well-captured and degraded (74-91% without PAC and 86-93% with PAC).]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 07 Aug 2000 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/658643</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>GAC ADSORBER DESIGN FOR REMOVAL OF CHLORINATED PESTICIDES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/352041</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Research is reported which focused on the efficicent and cost-effective appplication of fixed-based granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorbers for treatment of potable water supplies contaminated with alachlor and 1-HC (1-hydroxychlordene).  The research involved the following: (1) evaluation of the effectiveness of fixed bed GAC adsorbers for removal of alachlor and 1-HC from water in the presence of high concentrations of background DOM (dissolved organic matter) such as humic substances; (2) investigation of the transformation of heptachlor to 1-HC; (3) development of appropriate equilibrium and rate data for the adsorption of alachlor and 1-HC;  (4) investigation of predictive or simulative capability of models for adsorber design; (5) examination of the general applicability of such models for forecasting the performance of adsorber systems; and (6) cost estimation and economic appraisal of the treatment technology.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 28 Feb 1991 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/352041</guid>
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    <item>
      <title>NATURAL GAS STORAGE ON ACTIVATED CARBON</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/204491</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Natural gas is a good fuel for internal combustion engines, but its low energy density is a significant drawback.  The energy density can be increased by adsorption on a high surface area activated carbon.  But with usage, some of the constituents in the natural gas composition accumulate on the carbon and reduce its adsorptivity.  The adsorption-desorption of natural gas on 9LXC activated carbon was investigated to 100 cycles at 21 deg C and pressures of up to 12 MPa.  The decrease in the capacity, G, as a function of the number of cycles, N, was found to follow the empirical correlation: G/G sub 0 = 1-0.085Log (N).  Analysis of the activated carbon after 100 cycles showed accumulation of C4 and higher hydrocarbons but not of C2 and C3. For automotive applications, activated carbon appears practical in a narrow pressure range, centering around 7 MPa (1000 psig).  The preferred storage is at a pressure of 17 MPa or higher, without the use of activated carbons.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 30 Aug 1984 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/204491</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SORBENT-CONTAINING STORAGE SYSTEMS FOR NATURAL GAS POWERED VEHICLES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/202057</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Natural gas can be used as a vehicular fuel, but its low energy density is a significant drawback.  The energy density can be increased by adsorption of the natural gas on high surface area sorbents.  The adsorption of methane on activated carbons and molecular sieves was investigated at pressures up to 16 MPa (2300 psig).  The improvement in methane storage capacity over empty cylinders is appreciable at low pressures but diminishes as the pressure increases.  When adsorbed, for example, on 9LXC activated carbon at 3, 7, and 14 MPa the energy density increased by 245%, 100%, and 53%, respectively.  Less improvement was observed with molecular sieves.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 29 Feb 1984 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/202057</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ASSESSMENT OF AUTOMOTIVE SULFATE EMISSION CONTROL TECHNOLOGY</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/63332</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report includes a literature search to determine possible reactions involving sulfur in automotive exhaust systems, an assessment of the effect of various operating parameters (i.e. exhaust oxygen level) on the level of sulfate emissions, and a feasibility study on the use of sorbents as traps to eliminate sulfate from the exhaust gas before release to the atmosphere. It was discovered in the study that exhaust oxygen level and catalyst age were major variables affecting level of sulfate emissions. Other variables, such as noble metal composition, noble metal loading, catalyst temperature and residence time of the exhaust gas over the catalyst had little or no significant effect on sulfate emissions. It was also discovered that only calcium based materials (such as calcium oxide) removed sulfate efficiently enough with little physical degradation during laboratory testing of potential sorbents. Vehicle tests using the most promising sorbents as traps showed high sulfate removal but with unacceptably high exhaust back pressures.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 16 Jan 1977 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/63332</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>REMOVAL OF TRACE METALS FROM WASTEWATER BY TREATMENT WITH LIME AND DISCARDED AUTOMOTIVE TIRES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/25397</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Discarded automotive tires (DAT), a solid waste disposal problem of enormous proportions, may provide the answer to another environmental headache -- the removal of trace metals from wastewaters.  Experiments were designed to evaluate the feasibility of using discarded automotive tires in conjunction with lime to remove aluminum, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, manganese, mercury, nickel, silver and zinc from aqueous solutions.  Continuous bench-scale studies showed that removals in excess of 99.5 percent for most of the metals can be achieved by treatment with lime and DAT.  Rubber is as effective as activated carbon, is cheaper and is easier to dispose of. Furthermore, the use of DAT reduces the amount of lime required which, in turn, leaves less sludge for dewatering and disposal.  Therefore, the potential of DAT in the treatment of metalbearing industrial effluents and domestic wastes contaminated with heavy metals in very high.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 26 Mar 1975 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/25397</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SURVEY AND EVALUATION OF MARINE SANITATION DEVICES</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/14428</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This is a study of available marine sanitation devices (MSD) and a technical evaluation of how these systems will interface with 14 representative vessels. The objective of this study was to perform an extensive survey and technical description of the various individual sanitation devices currently marketed or under development for installation onboard federal, commercial, and/or recreational watercraft, as well as to evaluate the applicability and potential impact of marine sanitation concepts and individual systems relative to these vessels. The evaluation considered the interactions and impact of the concepts and systems on the major installation constraints, operating characteristics, and capital/operating costs of each representative vessel.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 25 Mar 1974 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/14428</guid>
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