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    <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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    <copyright>Copyright © 2026. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</copyright>
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    <managingEditor>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>tris-trb@nas.edu (Bill McLeod)</webMaster>
    <image>
      <title>Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)</title>
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      <link>https://trid.trb.org/</link>
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    <item>
      <title>Spectral Adaptation Terms Determination for Building Airborne Sound Insulation Requirements Against Railway Noise</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1705170</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Railway transport increases the noise levels in the environment 24 hours a day. As a rule, this leads to disruption of citizens' dormancy during the daytime and especially at night. The most widely used means of reducing railway noise are sound road barriers and soundproof structures of buildings located in the first echelon and facing the railway tracks. The airborne sound insulation of such protective systems is of primary importance. According to the International Standard ISO 717-1:2013 requirements and performance of airborne sound insulation of buildings are given with the help of single-number parameters and evaluated as the sum of a weighted apparent sound reduction index and the corresponding member of the spectral adaptation. The International Standard was partially introduced in Russia as the National Standard GOST R 56769-2015. In the paper the comparison is made of the A-weighted normalized noise spectra for various categories of the railway transport operated on Russian railways with the noise spectra used in the International and Russian Standards to calculate the members of the spectral adaptation. By the specific example the divergences in obtained values of spectral adaptation terms are shown and corresponding recommendations are offered.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 26 May 2020 17:26:23 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1705170</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Significance and Reliability of Absorption Spectra of Quiet Pavements</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/1553349</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The objectives and scope of the study described into this paper were to compare different methods to assess (measure or predict) the acoustic properties of a pavement in order to derive information about use in practical applications. To this end, in-lab Kundt tube, on-site Kundt tube, Adrienne device and theoretical modelling were used. Based on measurements, absorption spectra were derived. Analyses and results focused also on composite indicators, first-pick frequencies and objective functions.Based on results, when fitting experimental data through theoretical models the least square method is unsatisfactory and alternative algorithms are proposed. The on-site Adrienne method provides a good estimate of thickness, tortuosity, resistivity and maximum, while in-lab impedance tube, even if quite time consuming, seems to achieve the best accuracy. The on-site Kundt tube provides a satisfactory estimate of porosity and further investigations and analyses are recommended to investigate its use also for porous surfaces. Future research will address two competing needs which emerged from the study: i) the need for simplifying the procedures/methods; ii) the need for improving the quantity of information gathered (e.g., texture), through the same device.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Nov 2018 09:29:16 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/1553349</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Acoustic Absorption Potential of Porous Wearing Course Mixtures</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/890679</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In this paper the Authors present the results obtained in an experimental investigation which was carried out to evaluate sound absorption properties of porous bituminous mixtures. By making use of a previously developed standing wave impedance tube, tests were performed on gyratory compacted specimens of various mixtures, characterized by different aggregate structure, binder content and compaction level. Due to the non-homogeneous mass and textured surface of the specimens, acoustic tests were carried out in a number of configurations, with the subsequent calculation of minimum, average and maximum values of the frequency-dependent sound absorption coefficient α. Information extracted from such absorption spectra proved to be coherent with physical expectations and volumetric properties of the mixtures.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 17 Jun 2009 12:07:37 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/890679</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>PROTON MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CLAY MINERALS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/121315</link>
      <description><![CDATA[NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE ENERGY ABSORPTION LINE WIDTHS WITHIN THE REGION OF PROTON RESONANCE WERE DETERMINED FOR A NUMBER OF CLAYS AND RELATED MATERIALS AT ROOM TEMPERATURE. THE LINE WIDTHS WERE CALCULATED FROM THE HORIZONTAL DISTANCES BETWEEN THE MAXIMA AND THE MINIMA OF THE DERIVATIVE ABSORPTION CURVES OBTAINED WITH A 1720-GAUSS PROTON-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE APPARATUS. LINE WIDTHS IN ORDER OF DECREASING PROTON MOBILITY WERE FOUND TO BE APPROXIMATELY 3 GAUSS FOR PYROPHYLLITES, 6 GAUSS FOR KAOLINS AND HALLOYSITES, 9 GAUSS FOR A SEPIOLITE, AND 11 TO 12 GAUSS FOR A BAYERITE AND A BAUXITE. ILLITES AND MONTMORILLONITES GAVE ONLY NARROW LINE WIDTHS (0.3 TO 0.7 GAUSS) IN THE SEMI DRY STATE, BUT EXHIBITED SOME LESS MOBILE HYDROGEN (LINE WIDTH OF 2 TO 3 GAUSS) AFTER DRYING AT 200 C. EXCEPT FOR BAYERITE, BAUXITE, AND SEPIOLITE, THE CLAYS DID NOT EXHIBIT THE WIDE LINES FREQUENTLY ASSOCIATED WITH EITHER HYDROXIDE GROUPS OR WATER OF CRYSTALLIZATION OR AS DETERMINED FOR BRUCITE AND BIGGSITE. A SAMPLE OF MONTMORILLONITE FROZEN WITH LIQUID NITROGEN AND SLOWLY THAWED IN THE APPARATUS INDICATED THAT GREATLY INCREASED PROTON MOBILITY BEGAN AT ABOUT -70 C. /AUTHOR/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 15 Aug 2004 02:38:53 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/121315</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>PARTIAL ANALYSIS OF SILICATE ROCKS BY ATOMIC ABSORPTION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/121080</link>
      <description><![CDATA[No abstract provided.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 15 Aug 2004 02:37:58 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/121080</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>LABORATORY MEASUREMENTS OF PHOTOLYTIC PARAMETERS FOR FORMALDEHYDE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/162933</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The photodecomposition of formaldehyde has been studied experimentally under simulated atmospheric conditions at temperatures 220 and 300 K. Quantum yields for H2 and CO formation are reported for the spectral region 270 - 355 nm and are used to derive quantum yields for the two primary photolytic pathways. Absorption cross sections are also reported for a number of different temperatures. The data have been used to calculate CH2O photodissociation coefficients in the atmosphere as a function of altitude. (Author)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 12 Jun 2003 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/162933</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>NITRIC OXIDE MEASUREMENT STUDY. VOLUME I. OPTICAL CALIBRATION</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/169091</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Calibration devices suitable for providing known amounts of nitric oxide (NO)at temperatures ranging from 300 K to 2000 K and pressures of 0.5 atm (50.7KPa) to 2.0 at m (203kPa) are described with their design considerations. Methods for confirming nitric oxide concentration are given. The spectroscopic theory for the absorption of ultraviolet radiation in the gamma (0,0) band of nitric oxide is reviewed. Experimental values for oscillator strengths an broadening parameters for NO with various collision partners are provided. Experimental results confirming the adequacy of a computer spectral model and, hence, the calibration are presented along with the details of the model. finally, the results of an empirical calibration of an infrared gas correlation spectrometer are given. (Authro)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 15 Aug 2002 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/169091</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A KINETIC STUDY OF THE REACTION OF CH3 02 WITH N02. VOLUME I</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/162570</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The technique of pulsed laser photolysis-long path laser absorption is employed to study the kinetics of the reaction CH3O2 + NO2 + N2 yields at K sub 1 CH3O2NO2 + N2 over the temperature range 253-353 K. At all temperatures, k sub 1 is found to monotonically increase with increasing N2 pressure over the range 76-722 torr, indicating that reaction occurs predominantly by addition. The dependence of k sub 1 on N2 pressure shows that the reaction is in the fall-off region between second and third order kinetics. These results are compared with previous results and their atmospheric implications are discussed. (Author)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 18 Feb 2002 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/162570</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>THERMAL DECOMPOSITION OF 14 A TOBERMORITE FROM CRESTMORE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/101442</link>
      <description><![CDATA[THE THERMAL DECOMPOSITION OF 14 A TOBERMORITE FROM CRESTMORE HAS BEEN STUDIED USING WEIGHT AND CO2 LOSS CURVES, X-RAY FIBER ROTATION PHOTOGRAPHS AND INFRARED ADSORPTION SPECTRA. THE INITIAL MINERAL HAS THE APPROXIMATE COMPOSITION 6CAO. 6SIO2. 9H20 WITH SMALL AMOUNTS OF CO2 AND B203. PART OF THE WATER IS PRESENT IN MOLECULAR FORM, AND SIOH GROUPS MAY ALSO BE PRESENT. THIS IS COMPATIBLE WITH THE IDEALIZED CONSTITUTIONAL FORMULA CA5SI6OL8H2. 8H2. AT 55 C, THERE IS A SHARP CHANGE TO 11.3 A TOBERMORITE, CA5SI6OL8HA. 4H20. THE 11.3 A TOBERMORITE LOSES MOST OF ITS WATER GRADUALLY, AT 55 TO 200 C, APPARENTLY WITHOUT UNDERGOING FUNDAMENTAL CHANGE IN STRUCTURE. AT 200 TO 450 C, A 9.35 A TOBERMORITE IS FORMED. THIS HAS THE APPROXIMATE COMPOSITION CA5SI6OL8H2. AT 450 TO 650 C, MOST OF THE REMAINING WATER IS LOST, AS WELL AS THE CO2. THIS PROCESS APPEARS TO BE A GRADUAL ONE, IN WHICH SOME ESSENTIAL FEATURES OF THE STRUCTURE ARE RETAINED, THE LAYER THICKNESS INCREASES TO 9.7 A. THE PROCESS MAY OCCUR THROUGH CONDENSATION BETWEEN ADJACENT SIOH GROUPS, AS SUGGESTED PREVIOUSLY. AT 730 TO 775 C A WOLLASTONITE-LIKE INTERMEDIATE PHASE IS FORMED, WHICH AT 850 TO 900 C GIVES PLACE TO WOLLASTONITE ITSELF. IFRARED ADSORPTION SPECTRA ARE GIVEN FOR EACH OF THE MAIN STAGES. THE THERMAL BEHAVIOR OF THE CRESTMORE TOBERMORITE SEEMS TO BE ESSENTIALLY SIMILAR TO THAT OF THE BALLYCRAIGY AND SOME SYNTHETIC SPECIMENS, BUT THE CRYSTALLIZATION OF WALLASTONITE IS MORE GRADUAL. THIS IS PERHAPS DUE TO THE PRESENCE OF BORATE IN THE CRESTMORE MINERAL. /AUTHOR/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 22 Dec 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/101442</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A STUDY OF CHERT AND SHALE GRAVEL IN CONCRETE</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/101796</link>
      <description><![CDATA[CERTAIN CHERT AND SHALE GRAVELS HAVE LONG BEEN RECOGNIZED AS HARMFUL WHEN INCLUDED IN PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE EXPOSED TO FREEZING AND THAWING. MANY ORGANIZATIONS HAVE SPECIFICATIONS LIMITING PERCENTAGES OF THESE MATERIALS IN CONCRETE AGGREGATES, BUT FEW OF THESE SPECIFICATIONS DISTINGUISH BETWEEN TYPES OF CHERT AND SHALE FROM DIFFERENT GEOGRAPHICAL AREAS NOR DO THEY ALWAYS TAKE INTO ACCOUNT THE BASIC PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF THESE MATERIALS. IN THIS STUDY, PORE CHARACTERISTICS, MINERALOGY, TEXTURE, AND STRUCTURE WERE DETERMINED FOR CHERTS AND SHALES FROM NINE INDIANA GLACIAL GRAVEL DEPOSITS BY MEANS OF MICROSCOPIC PETROGRAPHY, X-RAY DIFFRACTION, AND THE COMMON SPECIFIC GRAVITY AND ABSORPTION TECHNIQUES. BLENDS OF 2, 4, 6, AND 10 PERCENT OF CHERT OR SHALE FROM EACH SOURCE WERE MADE WITH A STANDARD DURABLE CRUSHED LIMESTONE COARSE AGGREGATE, AND THESE BLENDS WERE USED IN 3- X 4- X 16-IN. AIR-ENTRAINED CONCRETE BEAMS SUBJECTED TO UP TO 300 CYCLES OF FREEZING AND THAWING. A MEASURE OF THE AMOUNT OF DEEP-SEATED DETERIORATION OF THE BEAMS WAS PROVIDED BY DURABILITY FACTORS CALCULATED FROM THE RESULTS OF NON-DESTRUCTIVE SONIC TESTING OF THE BEAMS AT INTERVALS DURING FREEZE-THAW TESTING. SEVERITY OF SURFACE DETERIORATION WAS ALSO EVALUATED. THE INFLUENCE OF THE BASIC PROPERTIES OF THE CHERT AND SHALE GRAVELS ON THE RESULTS OF THE FREEZE-THAW TESTS WAS THEN DETERMINED. ON THE BASIS OF THE RESULTS OF THESE TESTS, THE EXISTING SPECIFICATIONS ON CHERTS AND SHALES WERE STUDIED TO DETERMINE WHETHER THE SPECIFICATIONS REALISTICALLY CATEGORIZE THESE MATERIALS. DESPITE SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES IN THEIR MINERALOGIES, NO DIFFERENCE WAS NOTED IN THE FREEZE-THAW DURABILITIES OF THE VARIOUS CHERT SAMPLES. FOR ALL THE CHERTS, SIGNIFICANT DEEP- SEATED AND SURFACE DETERIORATION OCCURRED ONLY IN BEAMS CONTAINING 6 TO 10 PERCENT OF MATERIAL WITH A BULK SPECIFIC GRAVITY (SATURATED SURFACE-DRY BASIS) OF LESS THAN 2.45. ALTHOUGH THE BASIC PROPERTIES OF THE SHALES VARIED EVEN MORE WIDELY THAN THOSE OF THE CHERTS, NONE OF THE SHALES CAUSED DEEP-SEATED FAILURE OF THE CONCRETE. HOWEVER, THE MOST POROUS SHALES CAUSED POPOUT DAMAGE, WHICH WAS ESPECIALLY SEVERE AT THE 6 AND 10 PERCENT LEVELS. /AUTHOR/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 12 Sep 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/101796</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>EVALUATION OF INFRARED ABSORBTION SPECTROSCOPY FOR QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF ROCKS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/106530</link>
      <description><![CDATA[THE INFRARED ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY FOR THE MODAL ANALYSIS OF THE CONSTITUENTS OF ROCKS IS DISCUSSED. IT IS QUICKER THAN THE CUSTOMARILY USED POINT-COUNT METHOD. HOWEVER, IT PRESENTS THREE PROBLEMS: /1/ THE CHOICE OF A SUITABLE INTERNAL STANDARD, /2/ THE PROBLEM OF SAMPLE PREPARATION, AND /3/ THE COMPUTATION OF THE RESULTS. THE AUTHOR CONCLUDES THAT, WHILE THE METHOD HAS POSSIBILITIES, IT NEEDS FURTHER REFINEMENT BEFORE IT IS SUITABLE FOR A ROUTINE MODAL ANALYSIS. /SOURCE/]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 23 Jan 1994 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/106530</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>UV/VIS SPECTROPHOTOMETRY FOR THE EVALUATION OF BINDER-AGGREGATE INTERACTIONS. IN: AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM ON CHEMISTRY AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ASPHALTS, AUGUST 1990, WASHINGTON, D.C.</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/371127</link>
      <description><![CDATA[UV/VIS absorption spectra of a few bitumens and their main generic fractions obtained by liquid chromatography have been recorded. Major or minor differences have been found depending on the nature of the bitumen and the generic fraction considered. Those differences are a valuable help in interpreting measurements of binder-aggregate affinity. A spectrophotometric technique has been tried in order to assess this affinity from a physicochemical point of view. It is based on the adsorption equilibria in solution between the bitumen or one of its generic fractions and a 'sand' grading fraction of the aggregate. Both the asphaltenes of the bitumen and the nature of the aggregate play a considerable part in binder-aggregate interactions. The influence of the nature of the aggregate depends mainly on the specific surface of the 'sand' fraction used in the tests: with a 0.15 to 0.4 mm fraction this specific surface may vary by a factor up to more than 10, according to the nature of the original aggregate. Orientation tests to obtain more information about the generic fractions have been positive. The asphaltenes can be separated into cyclic-like and resin-like asphaltenes and the resins can be divided into resins with an 'acid' or 'basic' behavior.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Sep 1993 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/371127</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SPECTROSCOPIC INVESTIGATION OF HYDROXYL RADICAL FORMATION IN THE END GASES OF A SPARK-IGNITED ENGINE UTILIZING A DYE LASER</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/218063</link>
      <description><![CDATA[An experimental determination was undertaken of a select chemical species, the hydroxyl radical, present in the nonflamed end gases ahead of the flame front in a spark-ignited engine during normal and knock conditions. Measurements of the radical were obtained via resonance absorption spectroscopy utilizing a broadband-output, frequency-tunable, flashlamp-pumped, organic-dye laser.  The dye laser and a photographic spectrometer were placed on opposite sides of a single-cylinder research engine, and the combustion chamber was fitted with quartz windows which allowed the dye laser light pulse to pass through the end gas region and into the spectrometer.  The dye laser was pulsed once at a preset crank angle during the combustion cycle by a trigger mechanism recording the absorption spectra on film.  The absorption technique allowed hydroxyl radical concentration measurements within the range of 6.0 x 10 to the -10 power to 1.5 x 10 to the -8 power moles/cc, sufficient for the radical to be measured in the nonflamed end gases several degrees ahead of the advancing flame front.  This investigation has demonstrated that dye laser absorption spectroscopy is a valuable tool in combustion research.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 31 Oct 1985 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/218063</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>PAVING WITH ASPHALT CEMENTS PRODUCED IN THE 1980'S</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/209397</link>
      <description><![CDATA[This report, NCHRP Report 269, and a companion report, NCHRP Report 268, "Influence of Asphalt Temperature Susceptibility on Pavement Construction and Performance," will be of special interest and value to individuals responsible for materials testing, mix designs, and construction of asphaltic concrete pavements.  This report is a field manual containing suggestions for making adjustments in materials selection, mix design, and construction operations to overcome the variations in asphalt cement properties that have been found to occur. The suggestions in the manual are based on field experience and thus are suitable for immediate implementation.  The findings of laboratory and field studies on the effects of asphalt cement properties on pavement construction operations and short-term performance are described in the companion report.  These findings indicate that the physical properties of asphalt cements aree likely to be more variable today than they were 20 years ago, even though they remain within specification values; but, variations in other factors may mask the influence of this variation on pavement performance.  (Author)]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 30 Nov 1984 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/209397</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ON THE INTERPRETATION OF INFRARED SOLAR SPECTRA FOR ALTITUDE DISTRIBUTION OF ATMOSPHERIC TRACE CONSTITUENTS</title>
      <link>https://trid.trb.org/View/89042</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The quantitative interpretation of infrared sunset spectra in terms of mixing ratio profiles of atmospheric constituents requires a detailed consideration of the airmass and pressure distribution along the sunset ray. A computer program has been developed for determining the airmass and pressure distribution along this ray. Since infrared absorptions are pressure-dependent, a technique has been developed for treating this pressure dependence in analyzing absorption over such paths. The technique uses an approximation which maintains computational accuracy for such paths while reducing the computer time required for the calculations. The interpretation of such spectra is further complicated if the concentration of the constituent of interest varies with solar zenith angle (e.g. NO). Calculations were performed using time-varying profiles for NO and NO2. These calculations show that, if this time variability is not taken into account, the inferred profiles are greatly in error in the case of NO and marginally in error for NO2.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 29 Sep 1980 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid>https://trid.trb.org/View/89042</guid>
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